一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英(ying)文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)及(ji)相關配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)產品(pin)，一般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線路(lu)中各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)中間連(lian)接(jie)(jie)及(ji)終端連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，它與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一起(qi)構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸送網(wang)絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)件主要是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結(jie)構的(de)(de)特性(xing)，既能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)，又(you)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長度(du)的(de)(de)延長及(ji)終端的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)。高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)件的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)可以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)、密封防潮性(xing)能(neng)、機械性(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)能(neng)等方面(mian)進行評判(pan)。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制作電纜(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)頭和終端頭的配件有接(jie)線(xian)端子、連接(jie)管、接(jie)地線(xian)、撐板、電纜(lan)終端盒、電纜(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也(ye)稱接線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)與(yu)設(she)備(bei)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接。根據電纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)材(cai)料(liao)的不(bu)同，接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分為(wei)銅鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DT和DTM系(xi)(xi)列銅接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DLM系(xi)(xi)列鋁(lv)接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅鋁(lv)過渡鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DTL系(xi)(xi)列銅鋁(lv)接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)用于電纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接設(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)均(jun)為(wei)銅。當電纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接設(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)不(bu)同時要(yao)采用銅鋁(lv)過渡鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)，各種(zhong)接線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)有成品(pin)供(gong)應，特殊情況(kuang)下也(ye)可以(yi)單(dan)獨(du)加工。

2、連接管

用于(yu)電纜中間接(jie)頭的(de)導線(xian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)，也分為銅連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)（如(ru)：GT系(xi)列(lie)銅連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)）、鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)（如(ru)：GL和GLM系(xi)列(lie)鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)）、銅鋁過(guo)渡連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)（如(ru)：GTLM系(xi)列(lie)銅鋁連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)）。

3、接地線

當電纜(lan)(lan)導線流(liu)過(guo)短路(lu)電流(liu)時(shi)，由于短路(lu)電流(liu)往(wang)往(wang)較(jiao)大，會在(zai)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套(tao)中(zhong)產生一定(ding)的(de)感應(ying)電壓，當感應(ying)電壓超過(guo)一定(ding)值時(shi)，就能擊穿(chuan)電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)內襯層(ceng)，引起電弧，嚴重的(de)還會燒(shao)壞電纜(lan)(lan)護(hu)套(tao)。為了防(fang)止(zhi)這種事故的(de)發(fa)生，必(bi)須(xu)將電纜(lan)(lan)線路(lu)中(zhong)除線芯以外的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)部分連接(jie)起來并且接(jie)地(di)。通常的(de)做法(fa)是將電纜(lan)(lan)的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護(hu)套(tao)、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)、鎧裝層(ceng)、電纜(lan)(lan)終端頭及中(zhong)間接(jie)頭的(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)外殼用導線錫(xi)焊起來并與接(jie)地(di)網(wang)相連接(jie)。

4、撐板

在多芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電纜(lan)的中間接頭中，為了保持絕緣線芯(xin)(xin)(xin)之間及(ji)與鉛或(huo)銅套(tao)管之間的距(ju)離，保證相(xiang)間絕緣以(yi)(yi)及(ji)便于固定安裝，需要使用撐(cheng)(cheng)板，撐(cheng)(cheng)板主要有瓷撐(cheng)(cheng)板和環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)板兩種(zhong)。撐(cheng)(cheng)板的選(xuan)擇要與護套(tao)管相(xiang)配套(tao)。沒有合適的撐(cheng)(cheng)板時也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將絕緣帶卷成小卷置于電纜(lan)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)之間，以(yi)(yi)代替成撐(cheng)(cheng)板。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端盒(he)(he)(he)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端頭(tou)的(de)外殼總稱。根據不(bu)同的(de)使用環(huan)境，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端盒(he)(he)(he)可以分為戶內(nei)終端盒(he)(he)(he)和戶外終端盒(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)種。戶內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端盒(he)(he)(he)一般(ban)采用尼龍、環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂或(huo)聚丙(bing)乙(yi)烯等作為材料。戶外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端盒(he)(he)(he)有鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端盒(he)(he)(he)、環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂終端盒(he)(he)(he)等。選擇時(shi)要根據實際情況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的外殼稱(cheng)為電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)根據(ju)使用的場合(he)和材料的不同(tong)主(zhu)要分為以下幾類：鉛套管式地下電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、玻璃鋼(gang)地下電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、聚苯乙烯電纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁合(he)金電纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)盒(he)。