一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與(yu)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路及相關(guan)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)產品，一(yi)般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路中(zhong)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)中(zhong)間連(lian)接及終端(duan)連(lian)接，它(ta)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)一(yi)起構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)送網絡(luo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件主要是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構(gou)的(de)特性(xing)(xing)，既(ji)能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，又(you)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長(chang)度的(de)延長(chang)及終端(duan)的(de)連(lian)接。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件的(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)可以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、密封防潮性(xing)(xing)能(neng)、機械(xie)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和工(gong)藝性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等方面進(jin)行(xing)評判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用(yong)于制(zhi)作(zuo)電纜(lan)中間接(jie)頭和終端(duan)頭的配件(jian)有接(jie)線端(duan)子、連接(jie)管、接(jie)地線、撐板、電纜(lan)終端(duan)盒、電纜(lan)中間接(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也稱接(jie)線鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過(guo)接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線與設(she)備端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)。根據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線材料的(de)不同，接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分為(wei)銅鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DT和(he)DTM系列銅接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DLM系列鋁(lv)接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅鋁(lv)過(guo)渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DTL系列銅鋁(lv)接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線與所接(jie)設(she)備材料均為(wei)銅。當電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)線與所接(jie)設(she)備材料不同時要采用(yong)銅鋁(lv)過(guo)渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各種接(jie)線鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均有(you)成(cheng)品(pin)供應(ying)，特殊(shu)情況下也可(ke)以單獨(du)加工。

2、連接管

用于電纜中間接頭的導線連(lian)(lian)(lian)接，也分為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GT系列銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）、鋁連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GL和GLM系列鋁連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）、銅(tong)(tong)鋁過渡連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GTLM系列銅(tong)(tong)鋁連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)纜導線流(liu)(liu)過(guo)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，由于短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)往往較大，會在金(jin)屬(shu)護套中(zhong)產生一定的感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓，當感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)一定值時，就能擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)纜的內襯層，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)，嚴重的還會燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)纜護套。為了防止這(zhe)種事故的發生，必須(xu)將電(dian)(dian)纜線路中(zhong)除線芯以(yi)外的金(jin)屬(shu)部分(fen)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)起來并(bing)且接(jie)地。通常(chang)的做法是將電(dian)(dian)纜的金(jin)屬(shu)護套、金(jin)屬(shu)屏蔽層、鎧裝層、電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)頭(tou)及中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)的金(jin)屬(shu)外殼用導線錫焊起來并(bing)與接(jie)地網相連(lian)(lian)接(jie)。

4、撐板

在多芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)纜的中間(jian)接頭中，為了保持(chi)絕緣線芯(xin)(xin)之間(jian)及(ji)與鉛(qian)或銅套管之間(jian)的距(ju)離，保證(zheng)相間(jian)絕緣以(yi)及(ji)便(bian)于固定安(an)裝，需要(yao)(yao)使用撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)瓷撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的選擇要(yao)(yao)與護套管相配套。沒(mei)有(you)(you)合適的撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可以(yi)將絕緣帶卷(juan)成小卷(juan)置于電(dian)纜芯(xin)(xin)之間(jian)，以(yi)代替成撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)是電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)頭的外殼總稱。根據不同的使用環(huan)(huan)境，電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)可以分為戶(hu)內終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)和戶(hu)外終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)兩種。戶(hu)內電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)一般采用尼(ni)龍、環(huan)(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)或聚丙乙(yi)烯等(deng)(deng)作為材(cai)料。戶(hu)外電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)有鋁合金電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)、環(huan)(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)(he)等(deng)(deng)。選擇時要根據實際情(qing)況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中間(jian)接頭(tou)的外殼稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中間(jian)接頭(tou)盒。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中間(jian)接頭(tou)盒根據(ju)使(shi)用的場合和(he)材料的不同主要分為以(yi)下幾(ji)類：鉛(qian)套管式(shi)地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中間(jian)接頭(tou)盒、玻璃鋼地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中間(jian)接頭(tou)盒、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接頭(tou)盒、鑄鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)接頭(tou)盒。