一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連接電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路及相(xiang)關(guan)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)，一般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路中(zhong)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)連接及終端連接，它與電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一起構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送(song)網(wang)絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件主(zhu)要是(shi)依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構(gou)的(de)(de)特性(xing)，既(ji)能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)，又保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長度的(de)(de)延長及終端的(de)(de)連接。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)可(ke)以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng)、密封(feng)防潮(chao)性(xing)能(neng)、機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)能(neng)等方面(mian)進行評判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用(yong)于制(zhi)作電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)和終端(duan)頭(tou)(tou)的配件有接線端(duan)子、連接管、接地(di)線、撐板、電纜(lan)(lan)終端(duan)盒、電纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒等。

1、接線端子

也(ye)稱(cheng)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子，通過接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子使得(de)電纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與設備端(duan)(duan)子相連接(jie)(jie)。根據電纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)材料(liao)的不同，接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子分為銅(tong)鼻(bi)子（如：DT和(he)DTM系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子）、鋁(lv)(lv)鼻(bi)子（如：DLM系列(lie)(lie)鋁(lv)(lv)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子）、銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)過渡(du)鼻(bi)子（如：DTL系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子）。銅(tong)鼻(bi)子用(yong)于電纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與所接(jie)(jie)設備材料(liao)均為銅(tong)。當電纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與所接(jie)(jie)設備材料(liao)不同時要采用(yong)銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)過渡(du)鼻(bi)子，各種接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子均有成品供應，特殊情況下也(ye)可(ke)以單獨(du)加工(gong)。

2、連接管

用于電纜(lan)中間接頭的導線連(lian)(lian)(lian)接，也分為銅連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管（如(ru)：GT系列銅連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管）、鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管（如(ru)：GL和GLM系列鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管）、銅鋁(lv)過渡連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管（如(ru)：GTLM系列銅鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜導(dao)(dao)線流過(guo)(guo)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi)，由于(yu)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流往往較大(da)，會(hui)在金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護套(tao)中產生(sheng)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)一定(ding)(ding)值時(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)能擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)內(nei)襯層(ceng)(ceng)，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，嚴重的(de)(de)還(huan)會(hui)燒壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜護套(tao)。為了防(fang)止這種事故的(de)(de)發生(sheng)，必(bi)須(xu)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線路中除線芯以外的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)部(bu)分連接起(qi)來并且(qie)接地。通常(chang)的(de)(de)做(zuo)法是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)護套(tao)、金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)屏蔽層(ceng)(ceng)、鎧裝層(ceng)(ceng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終端頭及中間(jian)接頭的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)外殼用導(dao)(dao)線錫焊起(qi)來并與(yu)接地網相連接。

4、撐板

在(zai)多芯電(dian)纜的中間接頭中，為了保持絕(jue)緣(yuan)線芯之(zhi)(zhi)間及與鉛或銅套(tao)管之(zhi)(zhi)間的距(ju)離，保證相(xiang)(xiang)間絕(jue)緣(yuan)以及便于固定安裝，需(xu)要使(shi)用撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主要有(you)(you)瓷撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和(he)環氧樹脂撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩(liang)種。撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的選擇要與護套(tao)管相(xiang)(xiang)配套(tao)。沒(mei)有(you)(you)合適(shi)的撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可以將絕(jue)緣(yuan)帶卷成小(xiao)卷置(zhi)于電(dian)纜芯之(zhi)(zhi)間，以代(dai)替成撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)是電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)頭的(de)外殼總稱。根(gen)(gen)據不同的(de)使用環境，電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)可(ke)以分為戶內終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)和戶外終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)兩種。戶內電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)一般采(cai)用尼龍、環氧(yang)樹脂或聚丙乙(yi)烯等(deng)作為材料(liao)。戶外電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)有鋁(lv)合金(jin)電(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)、環氧(yang)樹脂終(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)(he)(he)等(deng)。選擇時要根(gen)(gen)據實(shi)際情況(kuang)而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭的(de)外殼稱為電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭盒。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭盒根(gen)據使用的(de)場(chang)合和材料的(de)不(bu)同主要分為以(yi)下幾(ji)類：鉛套管式地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭盒、玻璃鋼(gang)地(di)下電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭盒、聚苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)頭盒、鑄(zhu)鋁合金電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)頭盒。