一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)輸配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)及相(xiang)關配電(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)(de)(de)產品，一般(ban)指電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)各種電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)間連(lian)(lian)接及終端連(lian)(lian)接，它(ta)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一起構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送網絡。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)(jian)主要是(shi)(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，既能(neng)(neng)恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，又保證電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長度的(de)(de)(de)延長及終端的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接。高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)可(ke)以從電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、密封防潮性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)工(gong)藝性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)方面進行評(ping)判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制作電(dian)纜中間接(jie)(jie)頭和終(zhong)端頭的配(pei)件有接(jie)(jie)線端子、連接(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)地(di)線、撐(cheng)板、電(dian)纜終(zhong)端盒、電(dian)纜中間接(jie)(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也稱接線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，通過接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)使(shi)得(de)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)設備端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)相連接。根(gen)據電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)材料(liao)的不同，接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)分為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DT和DTM系列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、鋁鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DLM系列(lie)鋁接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DTL系列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁接線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所(suo)接設備材料(liao)均為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。當(dang)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所(suo)接設備材料(liao)不同時要采用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡(du)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，各種(zhong)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)均有(you)成品(pin)供應，特殊(shu)情況下也可以單獨加工。

2、連接管

用(yong)于電纜中間接(jie)頭的導(dao)線連(lian)接(jie)，也(ye)分為銅(tong)連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GT系列(lie)銅(tong)連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)）、鋁連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GL和GLM系列(lie)鋁連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)）、銅(tong)鋁過渡(du)連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GTLM系列(lie)銅(tong)鋁連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)）。

3、接地線

當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)流(liu)過(guo)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，由(you)于短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)往往較大，會在金(jin)屬護(hu)套(tao)中(zhong)產生一定的(de)(de)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當(dang)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過(guo)一定值(zhi)時(shi)，就能擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)內襯層(ceng)，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，嚴重的(de)(de)還(huan)會燒(shao)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)護(hu)套(tao)。為了防(fang)止這種事(shi)故的(de)(de)發生，必須將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)路中(zhong)除線(xian)(xian)芯以外的(de)(de)金(jin)屬部(bu)分連(lian)接起來并(bing)且接地(di)(di)。通常的(de)(de)做法是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬護(hu)套(tao)、金(jin)屬屏蔽層(ceng)、鎧裝層(ceng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終端頭(tou)及中(zhong)間接頭(tou)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬外殼用導(dao)線(xian)(xian)錫焊起來并(bing)與接地(di)(di)網相連(lian)接。

4、撐板

在多芯電纜的(de)中間(jian)(jian)(jian)接頭中，為了保(bao)持絕緣(yuan)(yuan)線芯之間(jian)(jian)(jian)及與鉛或銅套管之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)距離，保(bao)證(zheng)相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)及便于(yu)固定安裝(zhuang)，需要使用撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)主要有(you)瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)選擇要與護套管相(xiang)配套。沒有(you)合(he)適的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)時也可以(yi)將絕緣(yuan)(yuan)帶卷成小(xiao)卷置于(yu)電纜芯之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，以(yi)代替成撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)頭(tou)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)殼總(zong)稱。根(gen)據不同的(de)(de)使用環境，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)可以(yi)分為(wei)戶(hu)內(nei)(nei)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)和戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)兩種。戶(hu)內(nei)(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)一般采用尼龍、環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)或聚(ju)丙乙烯(xi)等作(zuo)為(wei)材料。戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)有(you)鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)、環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)等。選擇(ze)時要根(gen)據實(shi)際情況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)的外殼稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)根據(ju)使用的場合和(he)材料的不同主要(yao)分為以下幾類：鉛套管(guan)式地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、玻璃鋼地(di)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、鑄鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接(jie)頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)。