一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路及(ji)(ji)相關配電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)產品，一(yi)般指電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路中各種電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)中間連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)及(ji)(ji)終(zhong)端連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，它(ta)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一(yi)起構成電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸(shu)送網絡。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)主要(yao)是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構的(de)(de)特性，既能(neng)恢復(fu)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)性能(neng)，又保證電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長度的(de)(de)延長及(ji)(ji)終(zhong)端的(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)的(de)(de)可靠性可以從電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)、密(mi)封防潮性能(neng)、機械性能(neng)和工(gong)藝性能(neng)等方面進行(xing)評(ping)判(pan)。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制作電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭和終(zhong)端頭的配件(jian)有(you)接(jie)線端子(zi)、連(lian)接(jie)管、接(jie)地線、撐板、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端盒(he)、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭盒(he)等(deng)。

1、接線端子

也稱接線(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，通過接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)使得(de)電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與設備端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)相連(lian)接。根(gen)據電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)材料(liao)的不同(tong)，接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)分為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DT和DTM系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、鋁(lv)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DLM系(xi)列(lie)鋁(lv)接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)（如(ru)(ru)：DTL系(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)接線(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與所接設備材料(liao)均為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)。當電(dian)纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)與所接設備材料(liao)不同(tong)時要采用銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過渡鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)，各種(zhong)接線(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)子(zi)(zi)均有成品供應(ying)，特(te)殊情況下也可以單獨加工。

2、連接管

用于電(dian)纜中間接頭的導線連(lian)接，也分(fen)為銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)（如：GT系列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)）、鋁(lv)連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)（如：GL和GLM系列(lie)鋁(lv)連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)）、銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過(guo)渡連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)（如：GTLM系列(lie)銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)）。

3、接地線

當(dang)(dang)電(dian)纜(lan)導線流(liu)過短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)時，由于(yu)短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)往往較(jiao)大，會在金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)護套(tao)(tao)中產生(sheng)一定(ding)的(de)(de)感應電(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)(dang)感應電(dian)壓(ya)超(chao)過一定(ding)值(zhi)時，就能(neng)擊穿電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)內襯(chen)層(ceng)，引起電(dian)弧，嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)還會燒壞電(dian)纜(lan)護套(tao)(tao)。為了防止這種事故(gu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，必須(xu)將(jiang)電(dian)纜(lan)線路(lu)中除線芯以外的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)部分連接起來(lai)并且(qie)接地。通常的(de)(de)做法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)護套(tao)(tao)、金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)屏(ping)蔽(bi)層(ceng)、鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)、電(dian)纜(lan)終端頭(tou)及中間接頭(tou)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)外殼(ke)用(yong)導線錫焊起來(lai)并與接地網相連接。

4、撐板

在(zai)多芯電纜的(de)中(zhong)間接頭中(zhong)，為了保持絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)線芯之間及(ji)(ji)與鉛或(huo)銅套(tao)管之間的(de)距離，保證(zheng)相間絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以及(ji)(ji)便(bian)于(yu)固定安裝，需要(yao)使(shi)用撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)主要(yao)有(you)瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)選擇要(yao)與護套(tao)管相配套(tao)。沒有(you)合適(shi)的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)時也可以將絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)帶(dai)卷成小(xiao)卷置于(yu)電纜芯之間，以代替成撐(cheng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)頭(tou)的外(wai)殼總(zong)稱。根據(ju)不同的使用(yong)環境，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)可以分為戶內終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)和戶外(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)兩(liang)種(zhong)。戶內電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)一般采用(yong)尼龍、環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂或聚丙(bing)乙烯(xi)等作為材料。戶外(wai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)有(you)鋁合金電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)、環氧樹(shu)(shu)脂終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)等。選擇時要(yao)根據(ju)實際情況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭的(de)外殼(ke)稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)根據使(shi)用的(de)場合和材料的(de)不同(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)分為(wei)以下幾類：鉛套(tao)管式地(di)下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)、玻璃鋼地(di)下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)(jian)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)、聚苯(ben)乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)、鑄鋁合金電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)頭盒(he)(he)。