一、電纜附件是什么
電力電纜附件(英文名(ming)稱:Cable Accessories)是(shi)連(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與輸配電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)及相關配電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)產品(pin),一般指電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線路(lu)中各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)中間連(lian)接(jie)及終(zhong)端連(lian)接(jie),它與電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)一起構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸送網絡。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)主要(yao)是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)特性(xing),既能(neng)(neng)恢(hui)復電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng),又保證電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)長(chang)度的(de)(de)延長(chang)及終(zhong)端的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)。高壓電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件(jian)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)可以(yi)從電(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、密封防(fang)潮性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和工藝性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)方面進行評判。
二、電纜附件包括什么
電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭,統稱為電纜附件,常用(yong)于(yu)制作電纜(lan)中間接頭和終(zhong)端頭的配件有(you)接線端子、連(lian)接管、接地線、撐板、電纜(lan)終(zhong)端盒、電纜(lan)中間接頭盒等。
1、接線端子
也稱接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi),通過(guo)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)使得(de)電纜導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與設備(bei)端子(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)(jie)。根據電纜導(dao)線(xian)(xian)材(cai)料的不(bu)(bu)同,接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi)分為銅(tong)鼻子(zi)(zi)(如:DT和DTM系列銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi))、鋁(lv)(lv)鼻子(zi)(zi)(如:DLM系列鋁(lv)(lv)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi))、銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)過(guo)渡鼻子(zi)(zi)(如:DTL系列銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)端子(zi)(zi))。銅(tong)鼻子(zi)(zi)用于(yu)電纜導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與所(suo)接(jie)(jie)設備(bei)材(cai)料均為銅(tong)。當電纜導(dao)線(xian)(xian)與所(suo)接(jie)(jie)設備(bei)材(cai)料不(bu)(bu)同時要(yao)采用銅(tong)鋁(lv)(lv)過(guo)渡鼻子(zi)(zi),各種接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi)均有(you)成品供應(ying),特(te)殊情況下也可以(yi)單獨(du)加工。
2、連接管
用于電(dian)纜中間接(jie)頭的導線(xian)連(lian)(lian)接(jie),也分為銅連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(如(ru):GT系(xi)(xi)列(lie)銅連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管)、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(如(ru):GL和(he)GLM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管)、銅鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)過(guo)渡連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管(如(ru):GTLM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)銅鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)管)。
3、接地線
當(dang)電纜(lan)導線(xian)(xian)流(liu)過短路電流(liu)時,由于(yu)短路電流(liu)往往較大(da),會在金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)護套中產生(sheng)一定的(de)感(gan)應電壓(ya),當(dang)感(gan)應電壓(ya)超過一定值時,就能擊(ji)穿電纜(lan)的(de)內襯層,引(yin)起電弧(hu),嚴重的(de)還會燒壞電纜(lan)護套。為了(le)防止這種事故的(de)發(fa)生(sheng),必(bi)須將(jiang)電纜(lan)線(xian)(xian)路中除線(xian)(xian)芯以(yi)外的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)部(bu)分連接起來(lai)并且接地(di)。通常的(de)做法是將(jiang)電纜(lan)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)護套、金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)屏蔽層、鎧裝層、電纜(lan)終端頭及中間接頭的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)外殼用導線(xian)(xian)錫(xi)焊起來(lai)并與(yu)接地(di)網相連接。
4、撐板
在多芯電(dian)纜(lan)的中(zhong)間接頭中(zhong),為了保持(chi)絕緣線(xian)芯之間及與鉛或銅套(tao)管之間的距離,保證相間絕緣以(yi)(yi)及便于固定安裝,需要使用撐(cheng)板(ban),撐(cheng)板(ban)主要有(you)瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)和環氧樹脂(zhi)撐(cheng)板(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)板(ban)的選(xuan)擇(ze)要與護套(tao)管相配套(tao)。沒有(you)合適的撐(cheng)板(ban)時也(ye)可以(yi)(yi)將絕緣帶(dai)卷(juan)成小卷(juan)置(zhi)于電(dian)纜(lan)芯之間,以(yi)(yi)代(dai)替成撐(cheng)板(ban)。
5、電纜終端盒
電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)頭的(de)外殼總稱(cheng)。根據(ju)不同的(de)使用(yong)環境,電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)可以分為戶(hu)內(nei)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)和戶(hu)外終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)兩種(zhong)。戶(hu)內(nei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)一般采用(yong)尼龍、環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)或聚丙乙烯等作為材料(liao)。戶(hu)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)有(you)鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)、環氧樹(shu)脂(zhi)終(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)等。選擇(ze)時要根據(ju)實際情況而(er)定。
6、電纜中間接頭盒
電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)的外殼稱為電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)根據使(shi)用的場合和材料(liao)的不同主要(yao)分為以下幾類:鉛(qian)套管(guan)式地(di)(di)下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、玻璃(li)鋼地(di)(di)下電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、聚苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁合金(jin)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)(he)。