一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文(wen)名稱：Cable Accessories）是(shi)連(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜與輸(shu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)及(ji)相(xiang)關配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)產品，一(yi)般指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜線路(lu)中各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)中間連(lian)(lian)接及(ji)終(zhong)端連(lian)(lian)接，它與電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜一(yi)起(qi)構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)送網(wang)絡(luo)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜附件主(zhu)要是(shi)依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結構的(de)特性(xing)，既(ji)能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)性(xing)能(neng)，又保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜長(chang)度的(de)延長(chang)及(ji)終(zhong)端的(de)連(lian)(lian)接。高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜附件的(de)可靠性(xing)可以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性(xing)能(neng)、密(mi)封(feng)防潮(chao)性(xing)能(neng)、機械(xie)性(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)能(neng)等方面進行(xing)評判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制(zhi)作電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭和(he)終(zhong)端頭的配件有(you)接(jie)線端子、連接(jie)管、接(jie)地線、撐板、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端盒(he)、電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)頭盒(he)等。

1、接線端子

也稱接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過(guo)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)設(she)(she)備(bei)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)。根據電纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)材(cai)料(liao)的不同，接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)為銅鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DT和(he)DTM系列(lie)銅接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DLM系列(lie)鋁接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅鋁過(guo)渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)（如：DTL系列(lie)銅鋁接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)于電纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)設(she)(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)均(jun)為銅。當電纜(lan)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)設(she)(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)不同時要采用(yong)銅鋁過(guo)渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，各種接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)有成品供應，特殊(shu)情況下也可(ke)以單獨加工。

2、連接管

用于電纜中間接(jie)(jie)頭的(de)導(dao)線連接(jie)(jie)，也分為銅連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GT系(xi)列(lie)銅連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)）、鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GL和GLM系(xi)列(lie)鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)）、銅鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)過渡連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)（如(ru)：GTLM系(xi)列(lie)銅鋁(lv)(lv)(lv)連接(jie)(jie)管(guan)）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)導線(xian)流(liu)過短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，由于短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)往往較大，會在金屬(shu)護套(tao)中產生一(yi)定的(de)(de)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超(chao)過一(yi)定值(zhi)時(shi)，就能擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)內襯層(ceng)，引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，嚴重的(de)(de)還會燒壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)護套(tao)。為(wei)了防止這(zhe)種事故的(de)(de)發生，必須(xu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)線(xian)路(lu)中除線(xian)芯以外的(de)(de)金屬(shu)部分連(lian)接(jie)起(qi)來并且(qie)接(jie)地。通常的(de)(de)做法是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)金屬(shu)護套(tao)、金屬(shu)屏蔽層(ceng)、鎧裝層(ceng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終端頭及(ji)中間接(jie)頭的(de)(de)金屬(shu)外殼用導線(xian)錫焊起(qi)來并與(yu)接(jie)地網(wang)相連(lian)接(jie)。

4、撐板

在多芯電(dian)纜的(de)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭中(zhong)，為了保持絕(jue)緣(yuan)線(xian)芯之間(jian)(jian)(jian)及與鉛或(huo)銅(tong)套(tao)(tao)管之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)距離，保證相(xiang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)以及便于(yu)固定安裝，需要使用撐(cheng)板(ban)，撐(cheng)板(ban)主要有(you)瓷撐(cheng)板(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)板(ban)兩(liang)種(zhong)。撐(cheng)板(ban)的(de)選擇(ze)要與護套(tao)(tao)管相(xiang)配套(tao)(tao)。沒(mei)有(you)合適的(de)撐(cheng)板(ban)時也可以將(jiang)絕(jue)緣(yuan)帶卷成(cheng)小卷置于(yu)電(dian)纜芯之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，以代替(ti)成(cheng)撐(cheng)板(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)頭的外殼總(zong)稱。根據不同的使用(yong)環境，電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)可(ke)以分為戶(hu)內(nei)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)和(he)戶(hu)外終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)兩(liang)種。戶(hu)內(nei)電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)一般采用(yong)尼龍、環氧樹脂(zhi)或聚(ju)丙乙烯等作為材料。戶(hu)外電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)有鋁合金電(dian)纜終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)、環氧樹脂(zhi)終(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)盒(he)等。選(xuan)擇時要根據實際情況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)的(de)外殼(ke)稱為電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)盒。電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)盒根據(ju)使(shi)用的(de)場合和材料(liao)的(de)不同主要分為以(yi)下(xia)幾類(lei)：鉛套管式地(di)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)盒、玻(bo)璃鋼(gang)地(di)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)纜中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)接(jie)頭(tou)盒、聚苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)盒、鑄鋁合金電(dian)(dian)纜接(jie)頭(tou)盒。