國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)金(jin)由(you)中(zhong)央政府出資設立,用(yong)來獎(jiang)(jiang)勵在德、智、體(ti)、美等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方面全面發展的優(you)秀學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)。此前,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)金(jin)只限(xian)于普通本科高校、高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職業(ye)學(xue)(xue)校和(he)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)專科學(xue)(xue)校等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)教育領域。如(ru)今,中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職業(ye)學(xue)(xue)校將設國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)金(jin),對于推動中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)職業(ye)教育發展的意義重大而深遠。

中(zhong)等(deng)職業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)擔負(fu)著培養數以億計高(gao)素質勞動(dong)者的重(zhong)要任務,是經濟(ji)社會發展(zhan)的重(zhong)要基礎。近年(nian)來,國(guo)家先(xian)后(hou)出臺一系列(lie)政策措施,完善中(zhong)職學校人均經費(fei)(fei)標準,實施中(zhong)職教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)免(mian)除學雜費(fei)(fei),但(dan)中(zhong)等(deng)職業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)依(yi)然相對(dui)緩(huan)慢(man)。2018年(nian)全國(guo)中(zhong)等(deng)職業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)共有(you)學校1.03萬(wan)(wan)所,招生(sheng)559.41萬(wan)(wan)人,在(zai)校生(sheng)1551.84萬(wan)(wan)人,與上年(nian)相比均有(you)所下降。中(zhong)等(deng)職業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)招生(sheng)占(zhan)高(gao)中(zhong)階段教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)招生(sheng)的比例(li)為41.37%,距高(gao)中(zhong)階段教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)職普比1∶1的要求有(you)一定差距。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)緩慢,主要源于(yu)“重(zhong)普通高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),輕中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)”的(de)(de)觀念誤(wu)區。一(yi)些地(di)方政府只看到普通教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)升學(xue)服務的(de)(de)功能(neng),忽視了(le)經濟社會發展(zhan)對(dui)于(yu)職(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)需求,對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展(zhan)缺乏重(zhong)視、缺乏思路、缺乏力度、缺乏進度。在社會層面(mian)而言,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)地(di)位不(bu)高(gao)(gao)、聲(sheng)譽不(bu)佳,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校成為(wei)(wei)低于(yu)普通中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)的(de)(de)“二流學(xue)校”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)生也(ye)成為(wei)(wei)“差等(deng)生”的(de)(de)代名詞(ci)。一(yi)些家長寧愿(yuan)花錢讓(rang)孩(hai)子上一(yi)般的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也(ye)不(bu)愿(yuan)讓(rang)孩(hai)子去中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校。一(yi)些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)校的(de)(de)學(xue)生也(ye)往(wang)往(wang)自(zi)(zi)認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)失(shi)敗(bai)者,容(rong)易滋(zi)生混日子、自(zi)(zi)暴(bao)自(zi)(zi)棄的(de)(de)思想。

在(zai)這一背景(jing)下,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)中(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)設立(li)(li)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金具有重(zhong)要(yao)的導向意(yi)義。與國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)助學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金更(geng)突出一個(ge)“獎(jiang)(jiang)”字(zi),體現了(le)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)對于中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的肯定(ding)和(he)(he)鼓勵,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)了(le)中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)民教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)體系中(zhong)的地位。設立(li)(li)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金所(suo)傳遞(di)出的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)意(yi)志(zhi),必將(jiang)推動更(geng)多(duo)地方政府和(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)部門提(ti)高(gao)(gao)重(zhong)視程(cheng)度(du)和(he)(he)投(tou)入(ru)力度(du),切實承擔(dan)起加快(kuai)中(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發展的責任。同(tong)時,也在(zai)社會層(ceng)面為中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)“正名”,中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)不再(zai)是“二等(deng)公民”,而是可以和(he)(he)普通本科高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)(xiao)、高(gao)(gao)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)等(deng)相(xiang)(xiang)提(ti)并論(lun),共同(tong)承擔(dan)培養人才的重(zhong)要(yao)使命(ming)。與獎(jiang)(jiang)金本身相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)(bi),學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生和(he)(he)家(jia)(jia)長更(geng)看重(zhong)獲(huo)得國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金的榮(rong)譽。中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)設國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)金,無疑將(jiang)引領廣(guang)大(da)(da)公眾重(zhong)新(xin)審視中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),在(zai)求學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時作(zuo)出適(shi)合自己的選擇(ze),在(zai)入(ru)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)后能夠“留得下,學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)得進,早成才”。

此外,中職(zhi)學校設(she)國家獎(jiang)學金(jin),還(huan)可以起到“四(si)兩撥千斤”的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用,加(jia)快(kuai)民辦中職(zhi)學校發(fa)展。今年的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)府工作(zuo)(zuo)報告專門提到了(le)“支(zhi)持企業(ye)和社(she)會(hui)力量興(xing)辦職(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)”。這顯(xian)然不是一句簡單的(de)(de)(de)口號(hao),必(bi)須通過完善激勵機制,激發(fa)社(she)會(hui)各(ge)界特(te)別是行業(ye)企業(ye)興(xing)辦和參(can)與職(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)內生動(dong)力。除了(le)教育(yu)費附加(jia)減免等(deng)政(zheng)策手段外,在(zai)中職(zhi)學校設(she)國家獎(jiang)學金(jin)同樣(yang)可以成為國家大力發(fa)展職(zhi)業(ye)教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)向(xiang)標,吸引嗅覺靈敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)民間資本聞風(feng)而動(dong)。