國家(jia)獎(jiang)學(xue)金(jin)由(you)中央政府出資設立,用來獎(jiang)勵在德、智、體、美等(deng)方(fang)面全(quan)面發展的(de)優(you)秀學(xue)生。此(ci)前,國家(jia)獎(jiang)學(xue)金(jin)只限于(yu)普通本科高(gao)校、高(gao)等(deng)職(zhi)業學(xue)校和高(gao)等(deng)專(zhuan)科學(xue)校等(deng)高(gao)等(deng)教(jiao)育領域。如今,中等(deng)職(zhi)業學(xue)校將設國家(jia)獎(jiang)學(xue)金(jin),對(dui)于(yu)推動(dong)中等(deng)職(zhi)業教(jiao)育發展的(de)意義重大而深遠。

中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)擔負著(zhu)培養數(shu)以億計高(gao)素質勞動者的重要任務,是(shi)經濟社會發(fa)展的重要基礎。近年來(lai),國家先后出臺(tai)一系列政策(ce)措(cuo)施(shi),完善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)學(xue)校(xiao)人(ren)(ren)均(jun)經費(fei)標準,實施(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)免除學(xue)雜費(fei),但中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發(fa)展依然相(xiang)對緩慢。2018年全國中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)共(gong)有學(xue)校(xiao)1.03萬(wan)所,招生559.41萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),在校(xiao)生1551.84萬(wan)人(ren)(ren),與上(shang)年相(xiang)比(bi)均(jun)有所下降。中(zhong)(zhong)等職(zhi)業教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)招生占高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)階段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)招生的比(bi)例為41.37%,距高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)階段教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)職(zhi)普比(bi)1∶1的要求有一定差距。

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發展緩慢,主要源(yuan)于(yu)“重普通(tong)(tong)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),輕中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)”的(de)觀念(nian)誤(wu)區。一些地(di)(di)方(fang)政府只看到普通(tong)(tong)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)為升學(xue)服務的(de)功能,忽視(shi)了經濟社(she)會發展對于(yu)職(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)需(xu)求,對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)發展缺乏重視(shi)、缺乏思路、缺乏力度、缺乏進度。在社(she)會層(ceng)面而言(yan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)地(di)(di)位不(bu)(bu)高、聲譽不(bu)(bu)佳(jia),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)學(xue)校成(cheng)為低(di)于(yu)普通(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)的(de)“二流學(xue)校”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)成(cheng)為“差等生(sheng)(sheng)”的(de)代名詞。一些家(jia)長寧愿花錢讓孩子(zi)(zi)上一般的(de)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)愿讓孩子(zi)(zi)去中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)學(xue)校。一些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)學(xue)校的(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)往往自(zi)認(ren)為是失(shi)敗者(zhe),容易滋生(sheng)(sheng)混日子(zi)(zi)、自(zi)暴自(zi)棄的(de)思想(xiang)。

在這(zhe)一(yi)背景下(xia),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)學校(xiao)設立(li)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)具有(you)重要的(de)導向意(yi)義。與國(guo)(guo)家(jia)助學金(jin)(jin)(jin)相比(bi),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)更突出(chu)一(yi)個“獎(jiang)”字,體(ti)現了國(guo)(guo)家(jia)對于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)肯定和(he)鼓(gu)勵(li),大大提高(gao)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)在國(guo)(guo)民(min)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)地位。設立(li)獎(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)所傳(chuan)遞出(chu)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)意(yi)志(zhi),必將推動更多地方政府(fu)和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)部門(men)提高(gao)重視(shi)程度和(he)投(tou)入力度,切實(shi)承擔起加快中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)發展的(de)責任(ren)。同(tong)(tong)時,也在社會層面(mian)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)“正名”,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)不再(zai)是(shi)(shi)“二(er)等(deng)公民(min)”,而是(shi)(shi)可以和(he)普通(tong)本科高(gao)校(xiao)、高(gao)等(deng)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)學校(xiao)等(deng)相提并論,共同(tong)(tong)承擔培養(yang)人才(cai)的(de)重要使(shi)命。與獎(jiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)本身相比(bi),學生和(he)家(jia)長更看重獲得國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)榮譽。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)學校(xiao)設國(guo)(guo)家(jia)獎(jiang)學金(jin)(jin)(jin),無疑將引領廣大公眾重新審視(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),在求學時作出(chu)適(shi)合自己的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze),在入學后能夠“留得下(xia),學得進,早(zao)成才(cai)”。

此(ci)外,中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)設(she)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎學(xue)(xue)金,還可以起到(dao)“四兩撥(bo)千斤(jin)”的(de)作用,加(jia)快民(min)辦中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)發(fa)展。今(jin)年(nian)的(de)政府(fu)工作報告專門(men)提到(dao)了“支持企業和社會(hui)(hui)力量興辦職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)”。這顯然不是(shi)一句簡單(dan)的(de)口號,必須通過完善(shan)激勵機制,激發(fa)社會(hui)(hui)各(ge)界特別是(shi)行業企業興辦和參與職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)內生動力。除了教(jiao)育(yu)費附加(jia)減免等政策手段外,在中(zhong)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)設(she)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)獎學(xue)(xue)金同樣可以成為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)大(da)力發(fa)展職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業教(jiao)育(yu)的(de)風(feng)向標,吸引嗅覺靈敏的(de)民(min)間資本聞風(feng)而動。