(1)工(gong)程機(ji)械使(shi)用初(chu)期(qi)階段的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)特點。工(gong)程機(ji)械在(zai)使(shi)用初(chu)期(qi)(相(xiang)當于走合期(qi))其故(gu)障(zhang)是(shi)由高(gao)到低(降曲(qu)線),使(shi)用初(chu)期(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)低是(shi)隨制造(zao)或維修質量(liang)(liang)和(he)走合時期(qi)的(de)使(shi)用有(you)關.如(ru)果工(gong)程機(ji)械制造(zao)或修理質量(liang)(liang)高(gao),并能(neng)正確地使(shi)用與維護(hu)。那么,初(chu)期(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)(lv)就(jiu)低。否(fou)則(ze)早(zao)期(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)率(lv)(lv)會高(gao)。早(zao)期(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)多(duo)地是(shi)聯接(jie)螺(luo)栓(shuan)松動(dong)或松脫(tuo);管道接(jie)頭松動(dong)或松脫(tuo):殘(can)留金屬(shu)屑或鑄造(zao)砂易堵塞油道或夾在(zai)相(xiang)對運(yun)動(dong)摩(mo)擦中(zhong)(zhong)拉傷機(ji)件(如(ru)液壓系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)執行機(ji)構油缸)造(zao)成(cheng)漏油,調整(zheng)后的(de)間隙(xi)或壓力發生變化(hua),使(shi)機(ji)件不(bu)能(neng)執行規定能(neng)力,有(you)些接(jie)合因螺(luo)栓(shuan)不(bu)緊而漏水、漏油、漏氣等。
(2)工(gong)程(cheng)機械(xie)正(zheng)常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)階段(duan)的故(gu)障(zhang)特點。工(gong)程(cheng)機械(xie)走合(he)期結束(shu)后,進(jin)人正(zheng)常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)階段(duan)。工(gong)程(cheng)機械(xie)在這個階段(duan)內(nei)運行,只(zhi)要按(an)規定維護和正(zheng)確使(shi)(shi)用(yong),一般(ban)不會發生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang),即便(bian)發生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang),也是(shi)隨機性的故(gu)障(zhang)。