為了保證車輛能夠制動靈活、有效、可靠安全行(xing)駛。制動液必須(xu)具有一定的性(xing)能指標(biao)。其中主要有薪度、氣阻(zu)溫(wen)度、氧(yang)化安定性(xing)和防腐性(xing)、橡膠溶(rong)脹性(xing)等。
1.薪(xin)度(du)(du)。制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)必須有合適(shi)的高、低(di)溫(wen)勃度(du)(du),以適(shi)應車輛在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同季節和不(bu)(bu)同地區行(xing)(xing)駛,適(shi)合冬、夏(xia)通用(yong)。如果制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)太(tai)高時(shi)其赫(he)度(du)(du)過低(di),則起不(bu)(bu)到(dao)潤滑(hua)作用(yong),而且密(mi)封(feng)性差容易出現滲漏;制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)太(tai)低(di)時(shi)其赫(he)度(du)(du)過大,則在(zai)嚴寒地區使用(yong)時(shi)流動(dong)性差,影響行(xing)(xing)車安全。
2.氣阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。氣阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)是制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)最(zui)重要(yao)的性(xing)能(neng)之一(yi)。由于制動(dong)系統工作(zuo)時,制動(dong)蹄(ti)片與制動(dong)鼓之間不斷摩擦產(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)量,部(bu)分(fen)傳給大氣,部(bu)分(fen)傳給制動(dong)液(ye)(ye),從而使分(fen)泵制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)逐(zhu)漸升高,當(dang)制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)開始汽化后就會失去制動(dong)能(neng)力(li),這時的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)即為氣阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。制動(dong)液(ye)(ye)的氣阻(zu)(zu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)越(yue)高,使用越(yue)安全(quan)可靠。
3.氧(yang)化(hua)安(an)定性和(he)(he)防(fang)腐(fu)性。在制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統中,制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)壓力反復增大或減小,工作(zuo)溫(wen)度(du)和(he)(he)壓力均較常規制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統高。因此,制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液(ye)(ye)應具(ju)有(you)更強的(de)抗氧(yang)化(hua)性能,以免產生膠質、沉(chen)積物和(he)(he)腐(fu)蝕性物質。氧(yang)化(hua)安(an)定性關系(xi)(xi)(xi)到(dao)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)使用壽(shou)命。防(fang)腐(fu)性關系(xi)(xi)(xi)到(dao)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液(ye)(ye)對制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統材料的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),也會影(ying)響(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)使用壽(shou)命。
4.橡(xiang)膠溶(rong)脹性(xing)。橡(xiang)膠溶(rong)脹性(xing)是(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)液的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)能之一。在(zai)使用中若制(zhi)動(dong)液對橡(xiang)膠皮碗產生溶(rong)脹,就會引起滲漏,使制(zhi)動(dong)壓(ya)力下降(jiang),甚(shen)至(zhi)制(zhi)動(dong)失靈而造(zao)成事(shi)故。