小(xiao)欖菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)會(hui)是(shi)流行于廣東(dong)省中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)小(xiao)欖鎮的(de)民(min)(min)俗活(huo)動(dong),以花(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)媒,以菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)會(hui)友,技(ji)藝(yi)精巧,規模宏大,構成了獨具一(yi)格的(de)民(min)(min)間傳統(tong)綜合性花(hua)(hua)會(hui),2006年入選(xuan)第(di)一(yi)批國家級(ji)非物(wu)(wu)質文化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)名錄,成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)最著名的(de)非物(wu)(wu)質文化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)之一(yi)。小(xiao)欖菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)會(hui)集賞菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、詠(yong)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、品菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)豐富內容,文化(hua)內涵深厚,是(shi)中(zhong)國菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)文化(hua)最集中(zhong)地體現和群(qun)眾(zhong)參與性較強的(de)民(min)(min)俗活(huo)動(dong),具有(you)較高的(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)和文化(hua)價值。小(xiao)欖菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)會(hui)歷(li)(li)史(shi)悠久,在南宋時(shi)期,小(xiao)欖開(kai)始種菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),至明代,小(xiao)欖藝(yi)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)之風已盛。小(xiao)欖人(ren)善作盆菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),技(ji)藝(yi)精湛。歷(li)(li)史(shi)上每逢菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)盛開(kai)時(shi),各(ge)(ge)家族將各(ge)(ge)種菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)藝(yi)擺設在一(yi)起評比高下(xia),曰“菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)試”,后發展為(wei)(wei)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)會(hui),會(hui)期數天至十數天不定(ding),活(huo)動(dong)內容主要包括(kuo)賞菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、賽菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、吟菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、畫菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、嘗菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、水上飄色、菊(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)戲等(deng)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)咸水(shui)歌(ge)(ge),又稱咸水(shui)嘆(tan)、嘆(tan)哥兄、嘆(tan)姑妹(mei),流行(xing)于廣東(dong)省中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市的(de)民間音樂,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)民歌(ge)(ge)的(de)縮影,2006年入選第(di)一批國家級非物質文(wen)化遺產名錄,也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)非物質文(wen)化遺產傳統(tong)音樂類(lei)代表性非遺項目(mu)。咸水(shui)歌(ge)(ge)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)坦洲歷史最為悠久,流傳廣泛,曲(qu)目(mu)豐富,至今仍然保留著(zhu)傳統(tong)的(de)唱(chang)法,如采(cai)用(yong)粵(yue)方(fang)言中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)次方(fang)言歌(ge)(ge)唱(chang),襯詞用(yong)“啊(a)咧(lie)”、“啊(a)”,襯句多(duo)用(yong)“妹(mei)好(hao)啊(a)咧(lie)”、“弟好(hao)啊(a)咧(lie)”,歌(ge)(ge)唱(chang)的(de)即(ji)興性很強,隨字求腔等。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)咸水(shui)歌(ge)(ge)的(de)主要類(lei)別(bie)包括(kuo)長短(duan)句咸水(shui)歌(ge)(ge)、高棠歌(ge)(ge)、大(da)繒(zeng)歌(ge)(ge)、姑妹(mei)歌(ge)(ge)和(he)嘆(tan)家姐等,其代表性曲(qu)目(mu)有(you)《對花》、《海底珍(zhen)珠容(rong)易》等。2001年,十多(duo)首(shou)咸水(shui)歌(ge)(ge)代表作被收錄入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民間歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)集(ji)成·廣東(dong)卷》。
南朗崖(ya)(ya)口飄(piao)(piao)色,又稱為(wei)(wei)抬閣、出會景,是(shi)流行(xing)于中山(shan)(shan)市南朗鎮崖(ya)(ya)口村的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種祈福民(min)(min)俗活動,國家級非(fei)物質(zhi)文化遺產之一(yi)(yi)。南朗崖(ya)(ya)口飄(piao)(piao)色,源于唐代“耍菩薩”祭祀民(min)(min)俗,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)農歷五月(yue)初六“龍(long)王誕(dan)”舉行(xing),一(yi)(yi)直沿襲至今。崖(ya)(ya)口飄(piao)(piao)色主(zhu)要(yao)以民(min)(min)間傳說、故事等(deng)為(wei)(wei)題(ti)材,故事性強,其表現內容(rong)多為(wei)(wei)“采河遇(yu)何仙”、“水浸金山(shan)(shan)”、“松鶴(he)延年(nian)(nian)”等(deng)。其最大的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)設計頗為(wei)(wei)獨特(te)的(de)(de)“秋千(qian)色”,即男、女童(tong)扮(ban)演的(de)(de)人物不必固(gu)定在色梗上,巡游時可像蕩秋千(qian)那(nei)樣(yang)上下飄(piao)(piao)動,色彩絢(xuan)麗(li),玲瓏飄(piao)(piao)逸,富有游行(xing)節奏感。長期以來(lai),崖(ya)(ya)口飄(piao)(piao)色巡游習俗吸(xi)引(yin)著大批旅居港澳和海(hai)外的(de)(de)鄉親(qin),深受當地(di)群(qun)眾喜愛,具有很高的(de)(de)民(min)(min)俗文化價(jia)值(zhi)和學(xue)術(shu)研究(jiu)價(jia)值(zhi),于2008年(nian)(nian)選入第二批國家級非(fei)物質(zhi)文化遺產名錄。
醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)舞(wu)是(shi)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)民間(jian)(jian)特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)舞(wu)蹈(dao),它起源于宋,盛于明清,距今(jin)有1000多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)融(rong)匯武術、南拳(quan)、醉(zui)(zui)拳(quan)、雜耍于一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)(jian)舞(wu)蹈(dao),自古以來(lai)深受中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)當地群眾歡(huan)迎,影響及(ji)于周(zhou)邊地區(qu),堪稱中(zhong)華(hua)民族民間(jian)(jian)舞(wu)蹈(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瑰(gui)寶,也是(shi)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)最具有代表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非物質文(wen)化遺產(chan)之(zhi)一(yi)。醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)表(biao)演包括拜(bai)(bai)祀(si)、插金花、請龍(long)、三拜(bai)(bai)九叩(kou)、喝酒、席間(jian)(jian)舞(wu)龍(long)、灌酒和巡(xun)游(you)等內容,2009年,醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)舞(wu)被列(lie)入國家(jia)級非物質文(wen)化遺產(chan)名錄,如今(jin),中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)每年都(dou)要舉辦(ban)一(yi)場盛大的(de)(de)(de)(de)“醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)文(wen)化節(jie)”,醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)巡(xun)游(you)、歷史短(duan)劇、長州扒仙艇比賽、“醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)杯”文(wen)藝會演等十(shi)幾種(zhong)形式多樣、精彩紛呈的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動構(gou)成(cheng)了一(yi)個更加(jia)立體的(de)(de)(de)(de)醉(zui)(zui)龍(long)文(wen)化盛宴(yan),已經成(cheng)為中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)張文(wen)化品牌(pai)。
咀(ju)香園杏(xing)(xing)仁餅(bing)是(shi)中(zhong)山(shan)一(yi)道美味可口(kou)的(de)傳統(tong)(tong)名點,因其外形(xing)似杏(xing)(xing)仁,故稱杏(xing)(xing)仁餅(bing),餅(bing)身松脆,餅(bing)心香甜,入(ru)(ru)(ru)口(kou)松化(hua),風味獨特(te)。而咀(ju)香園杏(xing)(xing)仁餅(bing)傳統(tong)(tong)制(zhi)作技藝是(shi)中(zhong)山(shan)市傳統(tong)(tong)技藝,2008年(nian)(nian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)選中(zhong)山(shan)市第二批市級(ji)非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名錄,2009年(nian)(nian)入(ru)(ru)(ru)選廣東省(sheng)第三批省(sheng)級(ji)非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名錄,是(shi)中(zhong)山(shan)著(zhu)名的(de)非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)之一(yi)。咀(ju)香園杏(xing)(xing)仁餅(bing)創制(zhi)于清光緒末年(nian)(nian),選用(yong)綠豆粉用(yong)木制(zhi)餅(bing)模打制(zhi)出形(xing)如杏(xing)(xing)仁的(de)餅(bing)樣,并加入(ru)(ru)(ru)特(te)制(zhi)豬肉做夾心,經(jing)過浸(jin)豆、烘干、磨粉、拌(ban)粉、倒模成型、烘焙(bei)、冷(leng)卻(que)等一(yi)系列(lie)傳統(tong)(tong)烘焙(bei)工藝制(zhi)成,入(ru)(ru)(ru)口(kou)甘甜松化(hua),令(ling)人齒頰留香。
小欖(lan)刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu),即“菊(ju)繡(xiu)(xiu)”,是(shi)中山的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)傳統美(mei)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi),是(shi)珠江三角洲地(di)區民間(jian)傳統刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)藝(yi)術的(de)代(dai)表,屬于(yu)粵(yue)繡(xiu)(xiu)中一(yi)個(ge)具有(you)地(di)方特(te)色(se)(se)的(de)分支(zhi),在針法(fa)技藝(yi)及藝(yi)術風(feng)格上(shang)自成體系(xi),具有(you)繡(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精致、針法(fa)多樣、色(se)(se)澤富(fu)麗的(de)特(te)點(dian),極具嶺南(nan)(nan)風(feng)土特(te)色(se)(se),于(yu)2013年被列入第五批廣(guang)東省級非物(wu)質(zhi)文化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄,也(ye)是(shi)中山著(zhu)名的(de)非物(wu)質(zhi)文化遺(yi)產(chan)之一(yi)。小欖(lan)刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)的(de)歷史悠(you)久,以絲(si)(si)絨(rong)繡(xiu)(xiu)著(zhu)稱(cheng),因刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)時所用絲(si)(si)線有(you)毛絨(rong)質(zhi)感(gan),故也(ye)名“絲(si)(si)絨(rong)繡(xiu)(xiu)”。小欖(lan)刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)的(de)制作工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)流程包括選圖、勾稿、上(shang)繃架、選線、選針、刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)等(deng)六大步驟。由(you)于(yu)小欖(lan)是(shi)南(nan)(nan)國(guo)菊(ju)鄉,繡(xiu)(xiu)品題材(cai)圖案(an)除常(chang)見的(de)雀鳥、魚蟲、龍(long)鳳、雞鴨等(deng),常(chang)配(pei)以菊(ju)花等(deng)花卉(hui)圖案(an),極富(fu)嶺南(nan)(nan)特(te)色(se)(se)的(de)刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
沙(sha)溪(xi)(xi)涼茶(cha)誕生(sheng)于中山市(shi)沙(sha)溪(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)隆都(dou)地(di)區,由當地(di)轎夫黃匯(hui)潛心收(shou)集民間藥(yao)方(fang)而首(shou)創,從清(qing)光緒(xu)年(nian)(nian)十一年(nian)(nian)(1885年(nian)(nian))所創制(zhi)至(zhi)今(jin)已有120多年(nian)(nian)歷(li)史,是(shi)(shi)漢族傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)涼茶(cha)文(wen)化的(de)代(dai)表(biao),是(shi)(shi)廣東(dong)省(sheng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品文(wen)化遺(yi)產。由于治療(liao)四時感冒、清(qing)熱除(chu)濕(shi)有較好(hao)療(liao)效(xiao),“沙(sha)溪(xi)(xi)涼茶(cha)”一直(zhi)流傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)今(jin),經久不衰。2005年(nian)(nian),沙(sha)溪(xi)(xi)涼茶(cha)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)工藝(yi)被國務院公布為(wei)首(shou)批國家級非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產名錄,成為(wei)中山非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產美食(shi)(shi)(shi)類非遺(yi)代(dai)表(biao)項目。MAIgoo小(xiao)編推薦中山其他美食(shi)(shi)(shi)類代(dai)表(biao)非遺(yi)項目:三(san)鄉茶(cha)果(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)習俗、黃圃(pu)臘味傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)制(zhi)作(zuo)工藝(yi)、海洲魚餅制(zhi)作(zuo)技藝(yi)、黃圃(pu)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)民間食(shi)(shi)(shi)品制(zhi)作(zuo)技藝(yi)、隆都(dou)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)習俗等(deng)。
六(liu)坊(fang)云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)是流傳于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市古鎮(zhen)鎮(zhen)六(liu)坊(fang)村(cun)(cun)等村(cun)(cun)落的一(yi)種傳統(tong)龍(long)(long)(long)民間舞(wu)蹈(dao),具有300多年歷史,2011年入(ru)選第三批國家級(ji)非物質(zhi)文化遺產。六(liu)坊(fang)云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)按(an)照龍(long)(long)(long)的形狀、比例和尺寸,用竹篾(mie)扎作而(er)成。每年春(chun)節過后的正月甘十左(zuo)右,六(liu)坊(fang)村(cun)(cun)就會舉行(xing)“游(you)神”活動,村(cun)(cun)里(li)近(jin)200名(ming)男性青壯(zhuang)年從村(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)祠(ci)堂里(li)請出(chu)云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long),入(ru)夜(ye)時分(fen)點燃蠟燭(zhu)鉆進龍(long)(long)(long)身(shen),使云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)通體光亮(liang),然后由幡旗(qi)、燈(deng)籠開路,由龍(long)(long)(long)珠引領,伴隨(sui)云(yun)彩、鯉魚等扎作道具,從六(liu)坊(fang)村(cun)(cun)出(chu)發(fa),沿(yan)著鄰近(jin)的村(cun)(cun)莊巡(xun)游(you),連續巡(xun)游(you)三晚(wan)。六(liu)坊(fang)云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)一(yi)般在晚(wan)上出(chu)巡(xun),舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)者(zhe)上穿白紗衫(shan)、下穿與(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)被顏色相同的褲子,遠看(kan)去,只有云(yun)龍(long)(long)(long)在舞(wu)動翻騰而(er)不見舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)者(zhe),效果十分(fen)奇(qi)特。
石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)藝是誕生在中山市的(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)技(ji)藝,起源于明代,至今(jin)已(yi)有近(jin)500年的(de)(de)(de)歷史,入選(xuan)廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)第(di)八批省(sheng)(sheng)級非(fei)物質文化(hua)遺產代表性項目名錄,是中山傳統(tong)技(ji)藝類代表性非(fei)遺項目。石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)藝所釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒屬于30度(du)低度(du)數豉香型米(mi)酒,是南(nan)方地區廣(guang)大百姓(xing)日常飲用的(de)(de)(de)米(mi)酒,是廣(guang)東省(sheng)(sheng)四大豉香型酒之一。石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒經過歷代的(de)(de)(de)演化(hua),形(xing)成了自己獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)“一曲(qu)二糧(liang)三(san)匠人”釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工藝,經過制曲(qu)、煮飯、發(fa)酵(jiao)、蒸餾、醞肉(rou)、調酒、靜(jing)置等多(duo)個工序(xu)釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。其中,“醞肉(rou)”尤為關鍵,又叫(jiao)肉(rou)冰燒(shao)或玉冰燒(shao),是制作廣(guang)東米(mi)酒的(de)(de)(de)特(te)有環節(jie)。如今(jin),石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒釀(niang)(niang)(niang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)技(ji)藝所生產的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)岐(qi)米(mi)酒,深受省(sheng)(sheng)港(gang)澳地區群(qun)眾歡迎。
白(bai)口蓮山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),流(liu)傳(chuan)于廣(guang)東省(sheng)中山(shan)市的(de)傳(chuan)統民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),2007年被廣(guang)東省(sheng)人民政府列入廣(guang)東省(sheng)第二(er)批省(sheng)級非物質(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產名錄,是五桂(gui)山(shan)客家(jia)山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)中歷(li)史(shi)最(zui)久、流(liu)傳(chuan)最(zui)廣(guang)的(de)一種(zhong)民歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),也是中山(shan)著名的(de)非物質(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產之一。白(bai)口蓮山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)產生(sheng)于五桂(gui)山(shan)區與沙(sha)田(tian)水鄉交界的(de)地方(fang)(fang),客家(jia)文化(hua)和疍(dan)家(jia)文化(hua)相互交流(liu)、借鑒、融合,是白(bai)口蓮山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)顯著特(te)(te)征(zheng)。如它用(yong)客家(jia)白(bai)話(hua)唱(chang)咸水歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao),吸(xi)收了(le)山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)高亢(kang)和咸水歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)柔(rou)美的(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)。白(bai)口蓮山(shan)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)大多采用(yong)男女(nv)對唱(chang)形式,先(xian)由(you)男歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)手運用(yong)小嗓演唱(chang)提出問(wen)題,再由(you)女(nv)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)手唱(chang)答(da)。唱(chang)詞(ci)多為七(qi)字句,上下(xia)兩句構成一番,表現內容涉及社(she)會生(sheng)活的(de)方(fang)(fang)方(fang)(fang)面面。曲調(diao)(diao)有采茶(cha)調(diao)(diao)、嘆情、唱(chang)花、唱(chang)情、順口溜等多種(zhong)。
研究聲明:中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan)十(shi)大代(dai)表(biao)榜單是Maigoo小編主要依據中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區代(dai)表(biao)性非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan)的(de)歷(li)史、藝術、科學(xue)價值(zhi)、傳承情況以及在中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區的(de)影響力等因(yin)素進行(xing)選(xuan)擇,參考(kao)國務院及廣東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)政府評選(xuan)的(de)“國家級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)”“廣東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)”“中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)市(shi)級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)”,并綜合(he)參考(kao)互聯(lian)網相關排行(xing)榜/榜單進行(xing)推薦,名(ming)(ming)單僅(jin)供參考(kao),幫助您(nin)了解中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)化遺產(chan)(chan),如有疑問,歡迎在末尾評論/交流(liu)指正。