黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)分前后(hou)兩池,中(zhong)(zhong)以一橋相隔(ge),一泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)清,一泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)渾,似道(dao)家所說(shuo)陰(yin)陽各半的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“太級圖(tu)”。兩泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)相連(lian),但兩泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)(yu)卻互(hu)不越潭(tan)(tan),形(xing)成“兩水(shui)相交,魚(yu)(yu)不往來”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奇異景(jing)觀(guan)。古(gu)建(jian)筑群繞潭(tan)(tan)而(er)建(jian),下觀(guan)即(ji)黑龍(long)(long)(long)(long)宮,始建(jian)于明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪(hong)武二十七年(1394年),供奉(feng)著龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)、水(shui)族(zu)等(deng)塑(su)像,傳說(shuo)為興云降(jiang)雨之神。隱于綠蔭深(shen)處依(yi)山而(er)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)為上觀(guan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)觀(guan),即(ji)“漢黑水(shui)祠(ci)”。觀(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)植有被(bei)郭沫若為“三異木”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋(song)柏、明(ming)(ming)(ming)茶,以及(ji)元(yuan)杉(shan)、清玉蘭等(deng),明(ming)(ming)(ming)清時期(qi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)均匯于此(ci),故至今古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)薈萃,正如阮元(yuan)所道(dao):“千(qian)歲(sui)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)千(qian)尺潭(tan)(tan),春(chun)風先到彩云南(nan)。”與古(gu)建(jian)筑相接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園——“龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)”為昆明(ming)(ming)(ming)新十六景(jing)之一,是西南(nan)地(di)區最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地(di)和梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)研究基地(di)。園內薈萃了數(shu)千(qian)株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及(ji)百年古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei);有濃郁云南(nan)地(di)方民族(zu)建(jian)筑特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亭、臺、樓(lou)、榭散(san)布其(qi)間,漾溢著中(zhong)(zhong)國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無言之美與沉靜幽思的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情趣。園內保留有凸字碑(bei)、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)、宋(song)柏碑(bei)等(deng)歷代(dai)著名碑(bei)刻,以及(ji)明(ming)(ming)(ming)忠義公薛爾(er)望墓和祠(ci)堂遺址。
緊(jin)靠龍(long)潭(tan)邊的古建(jian)筑群即"黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮",俗稱為下觀(guan),始建(jian)于明洪武(wu)二十七年(nian)(1394年(nian)),明景泰四年(nian)(1454年(nian))世襲黔國(guo)公(gong)沐氏,重(zhong)修黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮三進四院,綠樹森森,古樸幽(you)雅,正殿供龍(long)王,配殿供水族等(deng)塑像。1966年(nian),"文化大革(ge)命"中,塑像全毀。龍(long)宮正殿墻上鑲有清(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)年(nian)間云貴總督范(fan)承(cheng)勛游(you)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)題詠碑記。2000年(nian)11月3日黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)清(qing)水池有大量金線魚游(you)出,昆明新聞(wen)媒體作了(le)報(bao)道,引起社會(hui)廣(guang)泛關注(zhu)。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮已恢復為古跡(ji)游(you)覽區(qu)。
上(shang)觀又稱龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)觀。龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)觀山(shan)(shan)門拱門牌坊,上(shang)書"紫極(ji)玄(xuan)都(dou)"。黑龍(long)潭上(shang)觀分為雷神殿(dian)、北極(ji)殿(dian)、玉(yu)皇殿(dian)、三(san)(san)清(qing)殿(dian)和(he)長春(chun)真人(ren)、通妙真人(ren)祠等5進13所大(da)小院落,整個(ge)建筑群順山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)由(you)南向北層(ceng)層(ceng)升高。第(di)一層(ceng)紫極(ji)玄(xuan)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)門,第(di)二(er)層(ceng)雷神殿(dian),第(di)三(san)(san)層(ceng)北極(ji)殿(dian)(現為祖師殿(dian),側面為斗姆(mu)閣),第(di)四層(ceng)玉(yu)皇殿(dian),第(di)五(wu)層(ceng)三(san)(san)清(qing)殿(dian),重重殿(dian)宇(yu)有(you)配殿(dian)和(he)廂(xiang)房。天師殿(dian)、三(san)(san)豐殿(dian)、長春(chun)真人(ren)祠、通妙真人(ren)祠、休偃、庖房宇(yu),均南北排列(lie)。
雷神殿前通道兩(liang)側(ce),有兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)植于(yu)元代的孔雀杉,東(dong)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尤為(wei)繁茂,樹(shu)(shu)高26米(mi)(mi),胸徑1米(mi)(mi),西面(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1979年遭雷擊后(hou)已(yi)枯(ku)萎(wei),現僅(jin)存約 10米(mi)(mi)的樹(shu)(shu)身(shen)及新發的枝(zhi)干。甬道兩(liang)側(ce)近"紫極玄都"牌坊(fang)的兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)奇異的扭柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)扭,一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)右扭,俗(su)稱"左(zuo)扭柏(bo)和右扭柏(bo)",兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu)胸徑均在1米(mi)(mi)以上,右側(ce)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1984年被雪壓倒折斷,僅(jin)剩6米(mi)(mi)高的枯(ku)樹(shu)(shu)樁。碑亭(ting)東(dong)面(mian),有一(yi)(yi)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan),俗(su)稱東(dong)花園(yuan)(yuan)。白梅(mei)、紅(hong)梅(mei)、綠梅(mei)及臘梅(mei)等多個品種,梅(mei)樹(shu)(shu)老態龍鐘,枝(zhi)干橫(heng)蜷,都是(shi)百年的古梅(mei),冬末春初(chu)幽香(xiang)一(yi)(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)。
唐(tang)開元天(tian)寶年間,道(dao)(dao)安和(he)尚(shang)由大理羅筌寺云游昆明,手植(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)梅花。到清嘉慶(qing)年間,兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)古梅"樹身腐爛,中若玲瓏,旁發柔枝",1923年兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)唐(tang)梅自然死去,現留(liu)下一株(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)四(si)分之(zhi)一支干(gan),雖(sui)經千(qian)(qian)年風霜,仍(reng)然枝干(gan)虬(qiu)結蒼勁,蜿(wan)蜒橫(heng)陳,臥如龍眠(mian)。現存唐(tang)梅,為(wei)唐(tang)梅支干(gan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)"旁發柔枝"。這株(zhu)(zhu)歷經千(qian)(qian)歲(sui)風雪(xue)的(de)(de)(de)奇花,千(qian)(qian)百(bai)年來為(wei)人們贊不絕口(kou)。清道(dao)(dao)光(guang)年間阮元的(de)(de)(de)《詠梅詩(shi)》:"千(qian)(qian)歲(sui)梅花千(qian)(qian)尺(chi)潭,春(chun)風先(xian)到彩云南。香(xiang)吹蒙鳳龜茲笛(di),影伴天(tian)龍石佛龕。玉斧(fu)曾(ceng)遭(zao)云外劃,驪(li)珠(zhu)常向(xiang)水(shui)中探。只(zhi)嗟李杜無題句,不與逋仙季迪(di)談。"既寫黑龍潭的(de)(de)(de)千(qian)(qian)歲(sui)梅花,千(qian)(qian)尺(chi)龍潭,又敘云南歷史,對春(chun)風先(xian)到的(de)(de)(de)彩云之(zhi)南,充滿贊譽(yu)之(zhi)情。
位(wei)于北極殿前(qian)(qian),高28米,胸徑1.4米。古根盤結,枝(zhi)葉(xie)茂密。此外,玉(yu)皇殿前(qian)(qian)還有一株宋柏,高25米,胸徑1.25米,高聳(song)云霄,枝(zhi)葉(xie)繁茂。
植于明代,品種為早桃(tao)(tao)紅,至(zhi)今已(yi)有四百(bai)多(duo)年的歷史,樹高8米,胸徑0.25米,每逢歲(sui)寒,其它茶花尚(shang)含(han)苞欲放,這株早桃(tao)(tao)紅已(yi)千朵盛開,十分(fen)艷麗。
上觀碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)內,保存著歷代(dai)大(da)量珍貴的(de)碑(bei)(bei)碣(jie),除唐梅(mei)碑(bei)(bei)、凸字碑(bei)(bei)外,還有宋柏(bo)碑(bei)(bei)、張三(san)豐畫像(xiang)碑(bei)(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)(bei)、黑龍潭全景圖碑(bei)(bei)及歷代(dai)興修(xiu)黑龍潭碑(bei)(bei)記。在黑龍宮前兩(liang)院側墻(qiang)還鑲嵌有:道(dao)光(guang)元年《重修(xiu)黑龍宮碑(bei)(bei)記》、嘉慶(qing)三(san)年《示永禁(jin)派累(lei)碑(bei)(bei)記》、康(kang)熙(xi)庚午年沈陽范承(cheng)勛游黑龍潭的(de)碑(bei)(bei)記。黑龍潭下觀黑龍宮與上觀龍泉(quan)觀,1961年昆明(ming)市人(ren)民委員會公布為市級重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)。1993年11月云南(nan)省人(ren)民政府(fu)公布為省級重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于(yu)上觀古建(jian)筑的(de)(de)(de)北面,東臨(lin)三清殿,西(xi)(xi)至龍泉路(lu),南接桂花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北抵杜鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)于(yu)1991年(nian)9月,先后進行三期(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設,于(yu)1993年(nian)底竣工(gong)(gong),總(zong)(zong)投(tou)資450萬元。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積28.5公(gong)頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)地(di)栽梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1700株,培植(zhi)(zhi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多(duo)株。1994年(nian)元旦(dan)正式對外開(kai)放,命名為(wei)"龍泉探(tan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為(wei)昆明新十六景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之一。"龍泉探(tan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為(wei)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱(cheng)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)藝(yi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口處立有(you)高4米,寬(kuan)1.6米由4塊(kuai)青石壘(lei)疊(die)而成的(de)(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石碑,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門(men)(men)為(wei)青綠色園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)建(jian)筑牌坊(fang)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)毛澤東《沁(qin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun).詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌,展出(chu)有(you)數百(bai)盆珍稀(xi)古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內建(jian)有(you)"文化齋"閣廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)腰,上連紅(hong)楓林(lin),下接藝(yi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內匯聚全(quan)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)珍稀(xi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12個(ge),優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)70個(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)有(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展廳、接待室和爬山(shan)廊。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)(xi)北側,至公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后大門(men)(men)。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)傍(bang)水,有(you)水榭亭廊及噴泉。花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時節,入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)"且喜東湖春(chun)來到(dao),紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬樹一齊開(kai)"的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀特色。果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),匯集了滇中、滇西(xi)(xi)、滇南果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多(duo)株,分片(pian)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)素潔芳香,花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)早,花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令人(ren)浮(fu)想聯翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周遍(bian)植(zhi)(zhi)松(song)、竹(zhu)配景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)骨,松(song)的(de)(de)(de)堅貞,竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)氣節融于(yu)一園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒三友"景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀。
1997年為(wei)迎接(jie)"香港回(hui)(hui)歸",黑龍潭(tan)風(feng)景名(ming)勝(sheng)區營造了(le)(le)"迎香港回(hui)(hui)歸紀(ji)念林"。林區占(zhan)地2公(gong)頃,共種植(zhi)紅楓樹2000余株,立(li)了(le)(le)石刻(ke)紀(ji)念碑。每逢深(shen)秋,半山紅葉(xie)隨(sui)風(feng)搖曳,滿山映紅。
杜(du)鵑(juan)(juan)谷緊連果(guo)梅區(qu),位于"龍泉探梅"北面的山(shan)谷中,占(zhan)地8公頃,種(zhong)植(zhi)杜(du)鵑(juan)(juan)10萬(wan)多株,清明前后,滿(man)山(shan)滿(man)溝杜(du)鵑(juan)(juan)爭奇斗(dou)艷,呈現花海景觀。
龍泉(quan)山有環(huan)山游路至定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta),塔(ta)高13米,為七(qi)層八角密檐實(shi)心(xin)塔(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)又名文筆塔(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)始建于明代,清咸豐二年(1852年)重(zhong)修過。七(qi)級(ji)塔(ta)身白云石(shi)壘砌,雕鑿精細,造型端(duan)莊,塔(ta)上刻道教四(si)方(fang)神(shen)名,還刻有《重(zhong)修五老山定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)記》及道教《玉(yu)皇心(xin)印妙(miao)經》等。按重(zhong)修碑(bei)文載,重(zhong)修是(shi)為使龍泉(quan)觀(guan)道院(yuan)更加壯觀(guan),"培(pei)風(feng)(feng)脈(mo)于名山"意為龍泉(quan)觀(guan)的風(feng)(feng)水塔(ta)。1993年重(zhong)修定(ding)(ding)風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)。
龍泉山東山嘴半坡上,松柏叢中,為王(wang)(wang)德三(san)、吳澄、馬登云(yun)三(san)烈士墓(mu),建(jian)(jian)于1984年。是云(yun)南(nan)省重點文物保護單位(wei)。墓(mu)園(yuan)座北向南(nan),建(jian)(jian)有(you)休息(xi)亭。墓(mu)地(di)兩側安裝(zhuang)石(shi)欄,四周廣植松柏。三(san)烈士墓(mu)后是王(wang)(wang)復生、張舫烈士的墓(mu)地(di)。
在昆(kun)明市內,可乘9、79、128、249路公交車可直達公園(yuan)。
公園(yuan)屬于(yu)(yu)低緯度(du)高(gao)原(yuan)山地(di)季(ji)風氣候,由于(yu)(yu)受(shou)印(yin)度(du)洋西南暖濕氣流的影響,日(ri)照長、霜(shuang)期(qi)短、年(nian)平均氣溫15℃。氣候溫和,夏無酷暑,冬不嚴寒,四季(ji)如(ru)春,氣侯宜人。