黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)分前后兩(liang)池,中以一(yi)橋(qiao)相(xiang)隔,一(yi)泉(quan)水(shui)清,一(yi)泉(quan)水(shui)渾,似道家所說陰陽(yang)各半的(de)(de)“太級圖”。兩(liang)泉(quan)水(shui)相(xiang)連,但兩(liang)泉(quan)的(de)(de)魚卻互不越潭(tan)(tan),形(xing)成“兩(liang)水(shui)相(xiang)交,魚不往(wang)來”的(de)(de)奇異景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。古(gu)(gu)建筑群繞潭(tan)(tan)而(er)(er)建,下觀(guan)(guan)即(ji)黑龍(long)宮(gong),始(shi)建于(yu)明(ming)(ming)洪(hong)武(wu)二十七年(nian)(1394年(nian)),供奉著(zhu)(zhu)龍(long)王(wang)、水(shui)族(zu)等塑(su)像,傳說為興云降(jiang)雨之神。隱于(yu)綠蔭深處(chu)依山而(er)(er)建的(de)(de)為上觀(guan)(guan)龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan),即(ji)“漢黑水(shui)祠(ci)”。觀(guan)(guan)中植有被郭沫若(ruo)為“三異木”的(de)(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋柏、明(ming)(ming)茶,以及(ji)元(yuan)杉、清玉蘭等,明(ming)(ming)清時期梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花均匯于(yu)此,故至今古(gu)(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)薈萃(cui),正(zheng)如阮元(yuan)所道:“千(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花千(qian)尺潭(tan)(tan),春風先到(dao)彩云南(nan)。”與古(gu)(gu)建筑相(xiang)接的(de)(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)——“龍(long)泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”為昆明(ming)(ming)新十六景(jing)之一(yi),是(shi)西南(nan)地區最大的(de)(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地和梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花研究基地。園(yuan)內(nei)薈萃(cui)了(le)數千(qian)株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樹、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及(ji)百年(nian)古(gu)(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei);有濃郁云南(nan)地方民族(zu)建筑特(te)色的(de)(de)亭、臺、樓、榭(xie)散布(bu)其間,漾溢著(zhu)(zhu)中國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)文(wen)化的(de)(de)無言(yan)之美與沉靜幽思的(de)(de)情趣(qu)。園(yuan)內(nei)保留(liu)有凸字碑(bei)、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)、宋柏碑(bei)等歷(li)代著(zhu)(zhu)名碑(bei)刻(ke),以及(ji)明(ming)(ming)忠義(yi)公薛爾望墓和祠(ci)堂(tang)遺址。
緊靠龍(long)潭(tan)邊的(de)古(gu)(gu)建筑群即"黑龍(long)宮",俗稱為下(xia)觀,始建于明洪武二十七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)),明景(jing)泰(tai)四年(nian)(nian)(1454年(nian)(nian))世襲黔國公沐氏(shi),重修黑龍(long)宮。黑龍(long)宮三進四院,綠樹(shu)森(sen)森(sen),古(gu)(gu)樸幽雅,正(zheng)殿供(gong)龍(long)王,配殿供(gong)水(shui)族等塑像。1966年(nian)(nian),"文化大革命(ming)"中,塑像全(quan)毀。龍(long)宮正(zheng)殿墻上(shang)鑲有(you)清康熙年(nian)(nian)間云貴總督范承(cheng)勛游(you)黑龍(long)潭(tan)題詠碑記。2000年(nian)(nian)11月3日黑龍(long)潭(tan)清水(shui)池有(you)大量(liang)金線魚(yu)游(you)出,昆明新聞媒體作了報(bao)道,引起(qi)社會廣泛關注。黑龍(long)宮已恢復為古(gu)(gu)跡游(you)覽(lan)區。
上(shang)觀(guan)又稱(cheng)龍(long)泉觀(guan)。龍(long)泉觀(guan)山(shan)(shan)門(men)拱(gong)門(men)牌坊,上(shang)書"紫極玄都(dou)"。黑龍(long)潭上(shang)觀(guan)分為(wei)雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和長春真(zhen)人、通妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)等(deng)5進13所大小(xiao)院落,整個建筑群(qun)順山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)由南(nan)向北(bei)(bei)(bei)層層升高。第(di)(di)一層紫極玄都(dou)山(shan)(shan)門(men),第(di)(di)二層雷(lei)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)(di)三(san)層北(bei)(bei)(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(現為(wei)祖師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),側面為(wei)斗姆閣),第(di)(di)四(si)層玉皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)(di)五層三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),重重殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇有配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和廂(xiang)房。天(tian)師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)豐殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、長春真(zhen)人祠(ci)、通妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)、休偃(yan)、庖(pao)房宇,均南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)排列。
雷神殿前通(tong)道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce),有(you)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)植于(yu)元代的(de)(de)(de)孔雀杉,東面(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)尤為繁茂,樹(shu)(shu)高26米(mi),胸徑1米(mi),西面(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1979年(nian)(nian)遭雷擊后已枯萎,現僅存約(yue) 10米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)身及新發的(de)(de)(de)枝干(gan)。甬(yong)道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)近"紫極玄都"牌(pai)坊的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)是奇(qi)異的(de)(de)(de)扭柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)左扭,一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)右扭,俗(su)稱"左扭柏(bo)和右扭柏(bo)",兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)柏(bo)樹(shu)(shu)胸徑均在(zai)1米(mi)以上,右側(ce)(ce)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1984年(nian)(nian)被雪壓倒折斷(duan),僅剩6米(mi)高的(de)(de)(de)枯樹(shu)(shu)樁(zhuang)。碑(bei)亭東面(mian),有(you)一(yi)(yi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan),俗(su)稱東花園(yuan)。白(bai)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)、紅梅(mei)(mei)(mei)、綠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)及臘(la)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)等多(duo)個品(pin)種,梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樹(shu)(shu)老態龍鐘,枝干(gan)橫蜷,都是百年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)古梅(mei)(mei)(mei),冬末(mo)春初幽(you)香一(yi)(yi)園(yuan)。
唐(tang)(tang)開元天(tian)寶(bao)年(nian)間,道安和(he)尚由大(da)理羅筌(quan)寺云(yun)游(you)昆明,手植兩(liang)株(zhu)梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)。到(dao)清(qing)嘉慶年(nian)間,兩(liang)株(zhu)古梅(mei)(mei)"樹身腐爛,中若玲瓏(long),旁發(fa)柔(rou)(rou)枝(zhi)",1923年(nian)兩(liang)株(zhu)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei)自然(ran)死去,現留下一(yi)株(zhu)的(de)四分之(zhi)一(yi)支干,雖經(jing)千(qian)(qian)年(nian)風霜,仍(reng)然(ran)枝(zhi)干虬結蒼勁,蜿蜒橫陳,臥如龍(long)眠(mian)。現存唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei),為(wei)唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)(mei)支干上的(de)"旁發(fa)柔(rou)(rou)枝(zhi)"。這株(zhu)歷經(jing)千(qian)(qian)歲風雪的(de)奇花(hua),千(qian)(qian)百年(nian)來(lai)為(wei)人(ren)們贊不絕(jue)口。清(qing)道光年(nian)間阮(ruan)元的(de)《詠梅(mei)(mei)詩》:"千(qian)(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)千(qian)(qian)尺潭,春風先(xian)到(dao)彩(cai)云(yun)南。香吹(chui)蒙鳳龜茲笛,影伴天(tian)龍(long)石佛龕(kan)。玉(yu)斧(fu)曾遭(zao)云(yun)外劃(hua),驪珠(zhu)常向(xiang)水中探(tan)。只嗟李(li)杜無題句,不與逋仙季迪談。"既(ji)寫(xie)黑龍(long)潭的(de)千(qian)(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花(hua),千(qian)(qian)尺龍(long)潭,又敘云(yun)南歷史,對春風先(xian)到(dao)的(de)彩(cai)云(yun)之(zhi)南,充(chong)滿贊譽(yu)之(zhi)情(qing)。
位于北極殿(dian)前,高(gao)28米(mi)(mi),胸徑1.4米(mi)(mi)。古根(gen)盤結,枝(zhi)葉茂密。此(ci)外,玉皇殿(dian)前還有一株宋柏,高(gao)25米(mi)(mi),胸徑1.25米(mi)(mi),高(gao)聳云霄(xiao),枝(zhi)葉繁茂。
植(zhi)于明代,品種為早(zao)(zao)桃紅(hong),至今已有(you)四(si)百多(duo)年的歷史,樹高8米(mi),胸徑0.25米(mi),每逢(feng)歲(sui)寒,其它茶花尚含苞(bao)欲放,這株早(zao)(zao)桃紅(hong)已千(qian)朵盛開,十分艷麗(li)。
上觀(guan)(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內,保存著歷代大量珍貴(gui)的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)碣,除唐梅碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、凸字碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)外,還有(you)宋柏碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、張三豐畫像碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、阮(ruan)元詩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、黑(hei)龍潭全景圖碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)及歷代興(xing)修(xiu)黑(hei)龍潭碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)。在黑(hei)龍宮(gong)前(qian)兩(liang)院側墻(qiang)還鑲嵌有(you):道(dao)光元年(nian)《重(zhong)修(xiu)黑(hei)龍宮(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)》、嘉慶三年(nian)《示永禁派累碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)》、康熙(xi)庚(geng)午年(nian)沈陽范承勛游黑(hei)龍潭的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)。黑(hei)龍潭下觀(guan)(guan)黑(hei)龍宮(gong)與上觀(guan)(guan)龍泉觀(guan)(guan),1961年(nian)昆明市(shi)(shi)人民委員會公(gong)布(bu)為市(shi)(shi)級重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。1993年(nian)11月云(yun)南省人民政府公(gong)布(bu)為省級重(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)于上觀(guan)(guan)(guan)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)北(bei)面,東臨三(san)(san)清(qing)殿,西至龍(long)泉路(lu),南(nan)接桂花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)抵杜鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于1991年9月(yue),先(xian)后進行三(san)(san)期工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設,于1993年底竣工,總投資(zi)450萬元。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總面積(ji)28.5公頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)地栽梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1700株(zhu),培植(zhi)(zhi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁(zhuang)2000多株(zhu)。1994年元旦正式對外開(kai)放,命名為(wei)(wei)"龍(long)泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為(wei)(wei)昆明新十六(liu)景(jing)之(zhi)一。"龍(long)泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分(fen)為(wei)(wei)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)景(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)景(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)藝景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入(ru)口處立(li)有(you)(you)高4米(mi),寬1.6米(mi)由(you)4塊(kuai)青石壘疊而成的(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石碑(bei),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門(men)為(wei)(wei)青綠色園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)毛澤東《沁園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun).詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌(pai),展(zhan)出有(you)(you)數百盆(pen)(pen)珍稀(xi)古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆(pen)(pen)景(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)"文化齋"閣廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)(wei)于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)腰,上連紅(hong)楓林,下接藝景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內匯(hui)聚全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)珍稀(xi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12個(ge),優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)70個(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)廳、接待室和爬(pa)山(shan)廊。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu),位(wei)(wei)于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北(bei)側,至公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后大門(men)。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)傍(bang)水,有(you)(you)水榭亭廊及噴泉。花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時節,入(ru)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)(you)"且喜東湖(hu)春(chun)來到,紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬樹一齊開(kai)"的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)特色。果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),匯(hui)集了(le)滇中、滇西、滇南(nan)果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多株(zhu),分(fen)片栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)素潔(jie)芳香,花(hua)(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤(tao),令(ling)人浮(fu)想聯翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周遍植(zhi)(zhi)松、竹(zhu)配景(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)風(feng)骨,松的(de)(de)堅(jian)貞(zhen),竹(zhu)的(de)(de)氣節融于一園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒三(san)(san)友(you)"景(jing)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。
1997年為迎接"香港回歸",黑龍(long)潭風景名(ming)勝(sheng)區營造(zao)了(le)"迎香港回歸紀(ji)念(nian)林(lin)"。林(lin)區占(zhan)地2公(gong)頃(qing),共種植紅(hong)楓樹2000余(yu)株,立了(le)石刻紀(ji)念(nian)碑。每逢深秋,半(ban)山紅(hong)葉(xie)隨風搖(yao)曳,滿(man)山映紅(hong)。
杜(du)(du)鵑(juan)谷緊連果梅區(qu),位于"龍(long)泉(quan)探梅"北面(mian)的山谷中(zhong),占地(di)8公頃(qing),種(zhong)植杜(du)(du)鵑(juan)10萬多株,清明前后,滿(man)山滿(man)溝(gou)杜(du)(du)鵑(juan)爭奇斗(dou)艷,呈(cheng)現花海(hai)景觀。
龍泉山有(you)環(huan)山游路至定風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)高(gao)13米,為七層八(ba)角密檐實心塔(ta)(ta)。定風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)又(you)名文(wen)筆塔(ta)(ta)。定風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)始建于(yu)明代,清咸豐二年(nian)(1852年(nian))重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)過。七級塔(ta)(ta)身(shen)白云石壘砌,雕鑿精(jing)細,造型端莊,塔(ta)(ta)上刻道教四方神名,還刻有(you)《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)五老(lao)山定風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)記》及(ji)道教《玉皇心印妙經》等。按重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑文(wen)載,重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)是為使龍泉觀道院更加(jia)壯(zhuang)觀,"培(pei)風(feng)(feng)脈(mo)于(yu)名山"意為龍泉觀的風(feng)(feng)水塔(ta)(ta)。1993年(nian)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)定風(feng)(feng)塔(ta)(ta)。
龍泉山(shan)東山(shan)嘴半坡上,松(song)柏叢中(zhong),為王德三(san)(san)、吳澄、馬(ma)登云三(san)(san)烈(lie)士墓(mu)(mu),建于1984年。是云南省重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。墓(mu)(mu)園座北向(xiang)南,建有休息亭(ting)。墓(mu)(mu)地(di)兩(liang)側安裝石(shi)欄,四(si)周(zhou)廣(guang)植(zhi)松(song)柏。三(san)(san)烈(lie)士墓(mu)(mu)后是王復生(sheng)、張舫烈(lie)士的墓(mu)(mu)地(di)。
在昆明(ming)市內(nei),可乘9、79、128、249路(lu)公(gong)交(jiao)車可直達(da)公(gong)園。
公園屬(shu)于低緯度高原山地(di)季風氣(qi)(qi)候,由于受印度洋(yang)西南暖濕(shi)氣(qi)(qi)流的影響,日照(zhao)長、霜期短、年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫15℃。氣(qi)(qi)候溫和,夏(xia)無酷暑,冬不嚴(yan)寒,四季如春(chun),氣(qi)(qi)侯宜人。