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基本介紹

黑龍(long)宮，位(wei)于昆明市北郊龍(long)泉山五老峰(feng)腳下的黑龍(long)潭(tan)公園內(nei)。

公園內有(you)龍泉山，山腳(jiao)下有(you)兩潭池水，一清一濁，相(xiang)互(hu)連(lian)通(tong)但濁不(bu)(bu)變清、清不(bu)(bu)變濁，為一奇觀(guan)。

黑龍宮，俗(su)稱為下觀（上(shang)觀為龍泉觀，在黑龍宮上(shang)方），始建于明洪(hong)武27年（1394），明景泰4年（1454）世襲黔(qian)國公沐氏，重修黑龍宮。

黑(hei)龍宮三進(jin)四院，綠樹森森，古樸幽雅。正殿(dian)供龍王(wang)，配殿(dian)供水族等(deng)塑像。“文革”中，塑像全毀。龍宮正殿(dian)墻上鑲(xiang)有清康熙年間云貴總(zong)督范承勛(xun)游(you)黑(hei)龍潭題(ti)詠碑記。2000年11月3日黑(hei)龍潭清水池有大量金線魚(yu)游(you)出，昆明(ming)新(xin)聞媒體作了(le)報道，引(yin)起社會廣泛關注。

黑龍(long)宮(gong)有兩幅對聯(lian)：古柏奇花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭高冢(zhong)節烈千(qian)秋啼杜鵑。另外一(yi)幅：扶一(yi)代綱常，秀才真以天下任；奉千(qian)秋俎豆，伊人宛在(zai)水中央。此聯(lian)懸于黑龍(long)宮(gong)中。為清末云南經濟(ji)特(te)科狀元袁嘉谷紀念(nian)薛爾望所撰寫，后人所書。

2016年第三屆(jie)龍(long)王(wang)盛會拉開帷幕，云(yun)南省道教協會、昆明市(shi)黑(hei)龍(long)潭公園(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)龍(long)泉觀(guan)共同組織祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)祭祀儀式。活(huo)動包括：放生祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，游客可以(yi)在龍(long)潭邊購買錦(jin)鯉(li)和(he)(he)觀(guan)音(yin)鳥為家人和(he)(he)朋友放生祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)；懸掛祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)牌，游客可購買祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)牌寫上(shang)祝福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)心愿，掛于祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)架上(shang)；灑凈(jing)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，公園(yuan)(yuan)準備了柏(bo)枝(zhi)、凈(jing)水，游客可向黑(hei)龍(long)灑凈(jing)，祈(qi)(qi)求(qiu)福(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)泰安康(kang)；還有每年農歷(li)二月初二的民(min)俗(su)“剃龍(long)頭”活(huo)動，公園(yuan)(yuan)特邀(yao)4名剃頭師傅(fu)在龍(long)泉廣場上(shang)為廣大(da)民(min)眾提供免費(fei)“剃龍(long)頭”服(fu)務。

黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)：很(hen)久(jiu)以前(qian)，昆明經常鬧旱災，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)連(lian)著(zhu)幾個(ge)(ge)月都(dou)沒有(you)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)做小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伙子(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣之下(xia)(xia)就(jiu)做了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)首打油詩(shi)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)：“挨(ai)刀死(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，遍地鬧災荒，老(lao)(lao)子(zi)遇到你(ni)(ni)，把(ba)你(ni)(ni)鱗拔(ba)光！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)向鄉親(qin)們(men)告了(le)(le)(le)別(bie)就(jiu)去(qu)找(zhao)水。世上(shang)(shang)沒有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)風的(de)(de)(de)墻，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，被(bei)五老(lao)(lao)山上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聽見(jian)了(le)(le)(le)，他(ta)(ta)非常生(sheng)氣，老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)決定要(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。于是(shi)變成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)白發(fa)蒼蒼滿臉(lian)(lian)麻子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)，坐在山口上(shang)(shang)等著(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)見(jian)到麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)向他(ta)(ta)詢問水源(yuan)，并請(qing)他(ta)(ta)帶路(lu)。老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)領小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)走進一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)森森的(de)(de)(de)山箐(qing)里，到了(le)(le)(le)箐(qing)底后(hou)看見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)潭(tan)(tan)泉(quan)水，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)剛要(yao)(yao)(yao)喝水，只聽見(jian)“嘩啦(la)啦(la)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣(zhen)響，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)被(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)又粗又長的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)鏈(lian)(lian)栓了(le)(le)(le)起(qi)來。麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)說(shuo)道：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，你(ni)(ni)敢罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)你(ni)(ni)扔進這(zhe)深潭(tan)(tan)淹死(si)！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽，火(huo)冒(mao)(mao)三丈咬著(zhu)牙說(shuo)道：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)你(ni)(ni)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)老(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)！”麻臉(lian)(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)道：“你(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)前(qian)世無怨(yuan)，今(jin)世無仇，你(ni)(ni)為(wei)什么(me)要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)？”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)說(shuo)：“你(ni)(ni)天(tian)干(gan)(gan)半年不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)，坑(keng)死(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方老(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)你(ni)(ni)罵(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)誰(shui)？”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道：“天(tian)干(gan)(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)，這(zhe)些事(shi)，累死(si)人。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)，實在是(shi)管不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)很(hen)生(sheng)氣的(de)(de)(de)道：“你(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)來管。”“你(ni)(ni)管可以，但(dan)(dan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)答應我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)兩件事(shi)。”“什么(me)事(shi)？”“行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)都(dou)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)做的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)，先要(yao)(yao)(yao)變成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這(zhe)是(shi)頭(tou)(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件。第二件，成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)后(hou)你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)鎖在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)中，隔(ge)六個(ge)(ge)月才準(zhun)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)道：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)都(dou)答應你(ni)(ni)，只不(bu)(bu)(bu)過等不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)六個(ge)(ge)月了(le)(le)(le)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)今(jin)天(tian)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)。”“但(dan)(dan)今(jin)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)也(ye)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)照天(tian)條(tiao)(tiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，你(ni)(ni)身上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)(lian)子(zi)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千斤(jin)，你(ni)(ni)干(gan)(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)干(gan)(gan)？”“干(gan)(gan)！”麻臉(lian)(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)點點頭(tou)(tou)，用手一(yi)(yi)(yi)指，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)身上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)(lian)子(zi)解(jie)開，叫(jiao)他(ta)(ta)喝了(le)(le)(le)三大口龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)水。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)子(zi)變成了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)大黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，沖到空中行(xing)(xing)(xing)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)直下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)三天(tian)三夜，鄉親(qin)們(men)得救了(le)(le)(le)，莊稼也(ye)活過來了(le)(le)(le)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)完雨(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)被(bei)鎖到龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)底下(xia)(xia)。每逢遇到旱災，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧(gu)天(tian)條(tiao)(tiao)規定，擅自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)，鐵(tie)鏈(lian)(lian)就(jiu)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千斤(jin)，而(er)每回為(wei)掙斷(duan)鐵(tie)鏈(lian)(lian)，他(ta)(ta)都(dou)在龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)里掙扎，因(yin)為(wei)是(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，冒(mao)(mao)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)汗也(ye)就(jiu)才黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)，把(ba)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)都(dou)染黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)了(le)(le)(le)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)就(jiu)被(bei)人們(men)叫(jiao)做黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)，為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)紀念(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，還修了(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)觀。

昆明黑龍宮和龍泉觀(guan)也(ye)是(shi)道教圣地，每(mei)年三(san)月(yue)初三(san)也(ye)要舉行(xing)廟會，祭祀龍王(wang)，祈求風調雨順、五谷豐登，并有各種娛樂、購物、賞花、美食、踏青等活動，趕會者每(mei)近萬人(ren)。

另外，黑(hei)龍(long)宮旁(pang)邊(bian)還有(you)薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)。清(qing)(qing)順治15年，吳三(san)桂率兵(bing)(bing)窮追明(ming)永歷帝(di)朱由(you)榔，兵(bing)(bing)逼昆(kun)明(ming)，永歷帝(di)棄城逃(tao)往(wang)緬甸。薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)嘆息(xi)道：連君王都不能背城一(yi)戰，為(wei)社稷而(er)死，卻逃(tao)到緬甸去(qu)茍且偷生(sheng)，真是太丟人(ren)(ren)了。于(yu)(yu)是，他就(jiu)帶著妻子楊氏(shi)，兒子之(zhi)(zhi)翰，兒媳孟氏(shi)，女兒夢云(yun)、靜云(yun)，婢蘭馨來(lai)到昆(kun)明(ming)北(bei)郊黑(hei)龍(long)宮，置酒席于(yu)(yu)亭(ting)上(shang)(shang)宴飲。薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慷(kang)慨賦(fu)詩(shi)（其詩(shi)失傳），又在(zai)壁上(shang)(shang)題(ti)字：愿(yuan)為(wei)殉節(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)鬼，不愿(yuan)為(wei)茍全(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。隨后(hou)，全(quan)家人(ren)(ren)包括所養的(de)(de)(de)貓(mao)狗一(yi)起(qi)跳入(ru)黑(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)殉節(jie)。傳說，數日后(hou)尸(shi)體浮出(chu)水面，人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)面色(se)如(ru)生(sheng)。龍(long)泉觀的(de)(de)(de)道士十(shi)分驚(jing)異，就(jiu)把他們打撈出(chu)來(lai)合(he)葬于(yu)(yu)黑(hei)龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)畔。墓(mu)(mu)冢至今尚存(cun)，并已(yi)被(bei)修容一(yi)新(xin)，列(lie)為(wei)昆(kun)明(ming)市文物保(bao)護單位。對于(yu)(yu)薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)忠(zhong)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)，就(jiu)連滅亡明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)統治者(zhe)也十(shi)分敬重(zhong)。清(qing)(qing)康熙59年，昆(kun)明(ming)知縣朱若功上(shang)(shang)表(biao)朝(chao)廷，請求祭祀薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，獲(huo)準。清(qing)(qing)道光26年，賜進士出(chu)身的(de)(de)(de)翰林院編(bian)修、欽命提督云(yun)南全(quan)省學政吳存(cun)義(yi)撰寫了“明(ming)忠(zhong)義(yi)薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生(sheng)墓(mu)(mu)表(biao)”，對薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)給于(yu)(yu)了極(ji)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)評價。后(hou)來(lai)歷代的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)官員都不斷(duan)有(you)人(ren)(ren)題(ti)詩(shi)作對，歌頌薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)忠(zhong)義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)。如(ru)康熙年間云(yun)南按察使許宏勛題(ti)聯“寒潭(tan)(tan)千(qian)(qian)載雪，玉骨一(yi)堆(dui)香”；清(qing)(qing)末狀(zhuang)元袁(yuan)澍圃題(ti)聯“扶一(yi)代綱常秀才(cai)真以天(tian)下任，奉(feng)千(qian)(qian)秋俎豆伊人(ren)(ren)宛在(zai)水中央”；還有(you)“古柏奇花(hua)芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭(tan)(tan)高(gao)冢節(jie)烈千(qian)(qian)秋啼杜鵑”等等。薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)薛(xue)剛《祭薛(xue)爾(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生(sheng)文》道：“名(ming)山(shan)風脈，賴(lai)人(ren)(ren)文之(zhi)(zhi)鎖翠；龍(long)潭(tan)(tan)波(bo)蕩，漾久恒之(zhi)(zhi)精神(shen)。拜先生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)(mu)穴，看(kan)高(gao)閣之(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)云(yun)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)定(ding)風之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)塔，感正(zheng)氣之(zhi)(zhi)長存(cun)。”表(biao)達了深切的(de)(de)(de)敬意(yi)和(he)哀思。