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基本介紹

黑龍(long)宮，位(wei)于昆明(ming)市北郊龍(long)泉山五老峰腳下(xia)的黑龍(long)潭公園內。

公園內有(you)龍泉山，山腳下有(you)兩潭池水(shui)，一清一濁(zhuo)，相互連通但濁(zhuo)不(bu)變清、清不(bu)變濁(zhuo)，為一奇觀。

黑龍宮(gong)(gong)，俗稱為下(xia)觀（上(shang)觀為龍泉觀，在黑龍宮(gong)(gong)上(shang)方(fang)），始建于明洪武27年(nian)(nian)（1394），明景泰4年(nian)(nian)（1454）世襲黔國公沐氏，重修(xiu)黑龍宮(gong)(gong)。

黑龍宮(gong)三(san)進四院，綠樹森森，古樸(pu)幽雅(ya)。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)龍王，配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)水族等塑像。“文革”中，塑像全毀。龍宮(gong)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)墻(qiang)上鑲有(you)(you)清康(kang)熙(xi)年間云貴總督范承勛游黑龍潭題詠碑記(ji)。2000年11月(yue)3日黑龍潭清水池有(you)(you)大量金線魚(yu)游出，昆明新聞媒體作了報道(dao)，引起社會廣(guang)泛關注。

黑龍(long)宮(gong)有兩幅對聯：古柏(bo)奇花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭高冢節烈千秋啼杜鵑。另(ling)外一(yi)幅：扶一(yi)代綱常，秀(xiu)才真(zhen)以天下任；奉千秋俎豆，伊人(ren)宛(wan)在(zai)水(shui)中央。此聯懸于黑龍(long)宮(gong)中。為清末云南經濟特科狀(zhuang)元袁(yuan)嘉谷紀念薛爾(er)望所(suo)撰寫，后人(ren)所(suo)書(shu)。

2016年(nian)第三屆龍(long)(long)王盛會(hui)拉開(kai)帷(wei)幕，云南(nan)省(sheng)道教協會(hui)、昆明市(shi)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)公(gong)園和龍(long)(long)泉(quan)(quan)觀共同(tong)組織祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)祭祀儀式。活動包括：放(fang)生祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)，游(you)(you)客可以在龍(long)(long)潭(tan)邊購(gou)買錦鯉(li)和觀音鳥(niao)為(wei)家人(ren)和朋友放(fang)生祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)；懸掛祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)牌，游(you)(you)客可購(gou)買祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)牌寫上(shang)祝福(fu)(fu)和心愿，掛于(yu)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)架上(shang)；灑凈(jing)(jing)祈(qi)(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)，公(gong)園準備了柏枝、凈(jing)(jing)水(shui)，游(you)(you)客可向黑(hei)龍(long)(long)灑凈(jing)(jing)，祈(qi)(qi)(qi)求福(fu)(fu)泰安(an)康；還有每年(nian)農(nong)歷二月(yue)初二的民俗“剃龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”活動，公(gong)園特邀(yao)4名剃頭(tou)師傅在龍(long)(long)泉(quan)(quan)廣(guang)場上(shang)為(wei)廣(guang)大民眾提供(gong)免費“剃龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”服務。

黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)：很久以前，昆明經常(chang)鬧(nao)旱災(zai)，有一(yi)次(ci)連著幾個(ge)(ge)(ge)月都(dou)沒有下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)做小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伙子(zi)，一(yi)氣(qi)之下(xia)(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)做了(le)一(yi)首(shou)打油詩罵(ma)(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)：“挨刀死(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，遍地鬧(nao)災(zai)荒，老(lao)(lao)子(zi)遇到你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，把(ba)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)鱗拔光！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)向(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)親(qin)們(men)告了(le)別就(jiu)(jiu)去找水(shui)。世上(shang)沒有不(bu)(bu)透(tou)風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)罵(ma)(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，被五老(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)聽見(jian)(jian)了(le)，他非常(chang)生(sheng)氣(qi)，老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)決(jue)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)。于是變(bian)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)白發蒼蒼滿臉(lian)(lian)麻子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)，坐在(zai)山(shan)(shan)口上(shang)等著小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)見(jian)(jian)到麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)他詢(xun)問(wen)水(shui)源(yuan)，并(bing)請他帶(dai)路。老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)領小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)走進一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)森森的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)箐里，到了(le)箐底后看見(jian)(jian)一(yi)潭(tan)(tan)泉(quan)水(shui)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)剛要(yao)(yao)(yao)喝水(shui)，只聽見(jian)(jian)“嘩啦啦”一(yi)陣響(xiang)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)被一(yi)條(tiao)又粗又長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵鏈栓(shuan)了(le)起(qi)(qi)來。麻臉(lian)(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)敢罵(ma)(ma)我(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)扔進這深潭(tan)(tan)淹(yan)死(si)！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)聽，火(huo)冒(mao)三丈咬著牙說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)(ma)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)老(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)！”麻臉(lian)(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)(wo)前世無(wu)怨，今(jin)(jin)世無(wu)仇，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)為什(shen)么要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)(ma)我(wo)(wo)(wo)？”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)說(shuo)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)半年不(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，坑死(si)一(yi)方老(lao)(lao)百姓，不(bu)(bu)罵(ma)(ma)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)罵(ma)(ma)誰？”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)：“天(tian)(tian)干(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，這些事(shi)，累死(si)人。我(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)，實在(zai)是管(guan)不(bu)(bu)了(le)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)很生(sheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)管(guan)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)來管(guan)。”“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)管(guan)可以，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)答應我(wo)(wo)(wo)兩件(jian)(jian)事(shi)。”“什(shen)么事(shi)？”“行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，先要(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是頭(tou)一(yi)件(jian)(jian)。第(di)二件(jian)(jian)，成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)后你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)被鎖在(zai)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)中，隔(ge)六個(ge)(ge)(ge)月才準(zhun)下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)次(ci)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)道(dao)(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)都(dou)答應你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，只不(bu)(bu)過(guo)等不(bu)(bu)了(le)六個(ge)(ge)(ge)月了(le)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)今(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”“但今(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)是行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)去也(ye)行(xing)(xing)，不(bu)(bu)照天(tian)(tian)條(tiao)行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)次(ci)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)身(shen)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈子(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加一(yi)千斤(jin)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)干(gan)不(bu)(bu)干(gan)？”“干(gan)！”麻臉(lian)(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)點(dian)點(dian)頭(tou)，用手一(yi)指(zhi)，把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)身(shen)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈子(zi)解開，叫(jiao)他喝了(le)三大口龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)水(shui)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)子(zi)變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)條(tiao)大黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，沖到空中行(xing)(xing)起(qi)(qi)了(le)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)直下(xia)(xia)了(le)三天(tian)(tian)三夜(ye)，鄉(xiang)親(qin)們(men)得救(jiu)了(le)，莊稼也(ye)活過(guo)來了(le)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)完雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)(jiu)被鎖到龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)底下(xia)(xia)。每(mei)逢遇到旱災(zai)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)顧天(tian)(tian)條(tiao)規定，擅自行(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，鐵鏈就(jiu)(jiu)加一(yi)千斤(jin)，而每(mei)回(hui)為掙斷鐵鏈，他都(dou)在(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)里掙扎，因為是條(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，冒(mao)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汗也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)才黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色，把(ba)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)都(dou)染黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)了(le)。這個(ge)(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)就(jiu)(jiu)被人們(men)叫(jiao)做黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)，為了(le)紀(ji)念小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)，還(huan)修(xiu)了(le)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)。

昆明黑龍(long)(long)宮和(he)龍(long)(long)泉觀也是道教圣地(di)，每年三(san)月初三(san)也要(yao)舉行(xing)廟會，祭祀龍(long)(long)王，祈(qi)求風調雨順、五(wu)谷豐(feng)登(deng)，并(bing)有各種(zhong)娛樂、購(gou)物、賞花(hua)、美食(shi)、踏(ta)青等活動，趕會者(zhe)每近萬(wan)人。

另外，黑(hei)龍宮(gong)旁邊還有(you)(you)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)墓。清順治15年，吳(wu)三桂率兵窮追明(ming)永歷帝(di)朱由榔，兵逼昆明(ming)，永歷帝(di)棄城逃(tao)往緬甸(dian)。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)嘆息道：連君王都不能背城一戰，為社稷而死，卻(que)逃(tao)到緬甸(dian)去茍且偷生，真是(shi)太(tai)丟人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了。于是(shi)，他(ta)就帶著妻(qi)子楊氏(shi)，兒子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翰，兒媳孟氏(shi)，女兒夢云(yun)(yun)、靜云(yun)(yun)，婢蘭馨來到昆明(ming)北郊黑(hei)龍宮(gong)，置(zhi)酒席于亭上宴飲(yin)。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)慷慨賦詩(shi)(shi)（其(qi)詩(shi)(shi)失傳），又在壁上題(ti)(ti)字：愿為殉節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼，不愿為茍全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。隨(sui)后，全(quan)(quan)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)包括所養的(de)(de)貓狗一起跳入黑(hei)龍潭(tan)殉節。傳說，數(shu)日后尸體浮出水(shui)面(mian)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)面(mian)色如生。龍泉觀(guan)的(de)(de)道士十分(fen)(fen)驚異，就把他(ta)們打撈出來合葬于黑(hei)龍潭(tan)畔。墓冢至今尚存，并已(yi)被修(xiu)容(rong)一新，列為昆明(ming)市文物保護(hu)單位。對于薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)忠義(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉，就連滅(mie)亡(wang)明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)清朝(chao)統治者(zhe)也十分(fen)(fen)敬重。清康(kang)熙(xi)59年，昆明(ming)知縣朱若功上表朝(chao)廷(ting)，請求祭祀(si)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)，獲準。清道光26年，賜進士出身(shen)的(de)(de)翰林(lin)院編修(xiu)、欽(qin)命提督云(yun)(yun)南(nan)全(quan)(quan)省學(xue)政(zheng)吳(wu)存義(yi)(yi)(yi)撰寫了“明(ming)忠義(yi)(yi)(yi)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生墓表”，對薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)給于了極高(gao)的(de)(de)評價。后來歷代(dai)的(de)(de)清朝(chao)官員都不斷有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)(shi)作對，歌頌薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)忠義(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉。如康(kang)熙(xi)年間云(yun)(yun)南(nan)按察使許宏勛題(ti)(ti)聯(lian)“寒潭(tan)千載雪，玉骨一堆香”；清末狀元袁澍圃題(ti)(ti)聯(lian)“扶一代(dai)綱(gang)常秀才真以天下任，奉千秋俎豆伊人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)宛在水(shui)中(zhong)央”；還有(you)(you)“古柏(bo)奇花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶，寒潭(tan)高(gao)冢節烈千秋啼杜鵑(juan)”等(deng)等(deng)。薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)薛(xue)(xue)(xue)剛《祭薛(xue)(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生文》道：“名(ming)山風脈，賴人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎖翠；龍潭(tan)波蕩，漾久(jiu)恒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精神。拜先(xian)(xian)(xian)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓穴，看(kan)高(gao)閣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起云(yun)(yun)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)定風之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神塔，感正氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長存。”表達了深(shen)切的(de)(de)敬意和哀(ai)思。