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基本介紹

黑龍(long)宮，位于昆(kun)明(ming)市北郊龍(long)泉山五老峰腳(jiao)下的黑龍(long)潭公園內。

公園內有(you)龍泉山(shan)，山(shan)腳(jiao)下有(you)兩潭池水，一(yi)清一(yi)濁，相互(hu)連通(tong)但濁不變(bian)清、清不變(bian)濁，為一(yi)奇觀。

黑(hei)龍(long)宮，俗稱為下觀(guan)（上(shang)(shang)觀(guan)為龍(long)泉觀(guan)，在黑(hei)龍(long)宮上(shang)(shang)方），始(shi)建于(yu)明洪武27年（1394），明景泰4年（1454）世(shi)襲黔國公沐氏，重修黑(hei)龍(long)宮。

黑龍(long)宮(gong)三(san)進四院，綠樹森(sen)森(sen)，古樸幽雅。正(zheng)殿供龍(long)王(wang)，配殿供水(shui)族等塑(su)像。“文革”中，塑(su)像全毀。龍(long)宮(gong)正(zheng)殿墻上鑲(xiang)有清(qing)康熙年間云貴總督范(fan)承勛游(you)(you)黑龍(long)潭(tan)題(ti)詠碑(bei)記。2000年11月3日黑龍(long)潭(tan)清(qing)水(shui)池有大量(liang)金線(xian)魚游(you)(you)出，昆明新(xin)聞媒體(ti)作了報道，引起社會廣泛關注。

黑龍(long)宮有兩幅對聯(lian)：古柏奇(qi)花芬(fen)芳滿(man)院迷蝴蝶，寒潭高冢節烈千秋啼杜鵑(juan)。另外一(yi)幅：扶(fu)一(yi)代綱常(chang)，秀(xiu)才真以天下任；奉千秋俎豆，伊人(ren)宛在水中央。此聯(lian)懸(xuan)于(yu)黑龍(long)宮中。為清末云(yun)南經濟特科狀元袁嘉谷紀(ji)念薛爾望所(suo)撰寫，后人(ren)所(suo)書。

2016年(nian)第(di)三(san)屆龍(long)(long)王(wang)盛會拉開帷幕，云南省道(dao)教協(xie)會、昆(kun)明市(shi)黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)公園和(he)龍(long)(long)泉觀共同組織祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)祭(ji)祀儀式。活(huo)動包括：放生祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)，游(you)客(ke)可(ke)以在(zai)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)邊(bian)購(gou)買錦鯉和(he)觀音鳥為(wei)家人和(he)朋友放生祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)；懸掛祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)牌，游(you)客(ke)可(ke)購(gou)買祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)牌寫上祝(zhu)福(fu)和(he)心愿，掛于祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)架上；灑凈(jing)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)，公園準備了柏枝、凈(jing)水，游(you)客(ke)可(ke)向(xiang)黑龍(long)(long)灑凈(jing)，祈(qi)(qi)求福(fu)泰安康；還有(you)每年(nian)農歷二月初二的民俗“剃(ti)龍(long)(long)頭”活(huo)動，公園特邀4名剃(ti)頭師傅在(zai)龍(long)(long)泉廣場上為(wei)廣大民眾(zhong)提供免費“剃(ti)龍(long)(long)頭”服務(wu)。

黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭的(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)：很久(jiu)以前，昆明經常(chang)鬧旱(han)災，有一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)連(lian)著(zhu)(zhu)幾個(ge)(ge)月(yue)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)沒有下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)做小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伙子(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)之下(xia)(xia)(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)做了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)首打油詩罵(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)：“挨刀(dao)死龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)，遍地鬧災荒，老(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)遇到(dao)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，把你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)鱗(lin)拔光！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)向鄉(xiang)親們(men)(men)告了(le)(le)(le)(le)別就(jiu)(jiu)去找(zhao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。世(shi)上沒有不(bu)(bu)(bu)透(tou)風的(de)(de)(de)墻，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)罵(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，被五老(lao)(lao)(lao)山(shan)(shan)上的(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)聽(ting)見了(le)(le)(le)(le)，他(ta)非常(chang)生(sheng)氣(qi)，老(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)決定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)。于是(shi)變成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)白發(fa)蒼蒼滿(man)臉(lian)麻(ma)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，坐(zuo)在山(shan)(shan)口(kou)上等(deng)著(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)見到(dao)麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)向他(ta)詢問水(shui)(shui)(shui)源，并請他(ta)帶路。老(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)領小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)走進一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)森森的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)箐里，到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)箐底后看見一(yi)(yi)(yi)潭泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)剛要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)喝水(shui)(shui)(shui)，只(zhi)聽(ting)見“嘩啦(la)啦(la)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)陣響，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)被一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)又粗又長的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)鏈(lian)栓了(le)(le)(le)(le)起來。麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)敢(gan)罵(ma)我，我要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)扔進這深潭淹死！”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽(ting)，火冒三(san)丈咬著(zhu)(zhu)牙說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“我就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)這個(ge)(ge)老(lao)(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)死的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)！”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)我前世(shi)無怨，今(jin)世(shi)無仇(chou)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)為(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)(me)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵(ma)我？”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)說(shuo)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)天干(gan)半年不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，坑死一(yi)(yi)(yi)方老(lao)(lao)(lao)百(bai)姓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)罵(ma)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)罵(ma)誰？”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)道(dao)(dao)：“天干(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，這些事(shi)，累死人。我一(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，實在是(shi)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)很生(sheng)氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)，我來管(guan)。”“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)管(guan)可以，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)答應(ying)我兩件(jian)事(shi)。”“什(shen)么(me)(me)事(shi)？”“行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)做的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是(shi)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)。第(di)二件(jian)，成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)后你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)被鎖(suo)在這個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭中(zhong)，隔六個(ge)(ge)月(yue)才準下(xia)(xia)(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)道(dao)(dao)：“我都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)答應(ying)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)六個(ge)(ge)月(yue)了(le)(le)(le)(le)，我今(jin)天就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”“但今(jin)天不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)(zi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去也行，不(bu)(bu)(bu)照天條(tiao)行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)身(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤(jin)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)干(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)干(gan)？”“干(gan)！”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)點點頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，用手一(yi)(yi)(yi)指，把小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)身(shen)上的(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)解(jie)開，叫(jiao)他(ta)喝了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)大(da)口(kou)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭水(shui)(shui)(shui)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)子(zi)(zi)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)大(da)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，沖(chong)到(dao)空中(zhong)行起了(le)(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)直下(xia)(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)天三(san)夜，鄉(xiang)親們(men)(men)得救了(le)(le)(le)(le)，莊稼也活(huo)過來了(le)(le)(le)(le)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)行完雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)(jiu)被鎖(suo)到(dao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭底下(xia)(xia)(xia)。每(mei)逢遇到(dao)旱(han)災，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧天條(tiao)規(gui)定，擅自行雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，鐵(tie)(tie)鏈(lian)就(jiu)(jiu)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤(jin)，而每(mei)回為(wei)(wei)掙斷鐵(tie)(tie)鏈(lian)，他(ta)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)在龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭里掙扎，因為(wei)(wei)是(shi)條(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，冒出的(de)(de)(de)汗也就(jiu)(jiu)才黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色，把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)染黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。這個(ge)(ge)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭就(jiu)(jiu)被人們(men)(men)叫(jiao)做黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)潭，為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)紀(ji)念小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)(ge)，還修(xiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)宮(gong)和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)泉觀。

昆(kun)明(ming)黑龍(long)宮和龍(long)泉觀(guan)也是道教圣(sheng)地，每年三月初三也要舉行(xing)廟會(hui)，祭祀(si)龍(long)王，祈求風調雨順、五谷豐(feng)登(deng)，并有各種娛樂、購物(wu)、賞花、美(mei)食、踏青等活動(dong)，趕會(hui)者每近萬(wan)人。

另外，黑龍(long)(long)宮旁邊還有(you)薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓。清(qing)順治(zhi)15年(nian)(nian)，吳三桂率兵窮追(zhui)明(ming)(ming)永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)朱由榔，兵逼(bi)昆(kun)(kun)明(ming)(ming)，永(yong)(yong)歷帝(di)棄城逃往緬(mian)甸(dian)。薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)嘆息道：連君王都不(bu)(bu)能背城一(yi)戰，為社稷(ji)而死，卻逃到緬(mian)甸(dian)去茍(gou)且(qie)偷(tou)生，真(zhen)是太丟人(ren)了(le)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是，他(ta)就(jiu)(jiu)帶著(zhu)妻子楊氏(shi)，兒(er)子之(zhi)翰(han)，兒(er)媳孟氏(shi)，女(nv)兒(er)夢云(yun)、靜云(yun)，婢(bi)蘭(lan)馨來(lai)到昆(kun)(kun)明(ming)(ming)北(bei)郊黑龍(long)(long)宮，置酒席于(yu)(yu)(yu)亭(ting)上(shang)宴(yan)飲。薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慷慨賦詩(shi)（其詩(shi)失傳），又在壁上(shang)題字：愿為殉節之(zhi)鬼，不(bu)(bu)愿為茍(gou)全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)人(ren)。隨后，全(quan)(quan)家人(ren)包括所養(yang)的(de)貓狗(gou)一(yi)起跳(tiao)入黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)殉節。傳說(shuo)，數日后尸體浮(fu)出(chu)水面，人(ren)人(ren)面色如生。龍(long)(long)泉觀的(de)道士十分驚異，就(jiu)(jiu)把他(ta)們打撈出(chu)來(lai)合葬于(yu)(yu)(yu)黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)畔。墓冢至今尚存(cun)，并已被修容一(yi)新，列(lie)為昆(kun)(kun)明(ming)(ming)市文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)忠(zhong)義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)舉，就(jiu)(jiu)連滅亡明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)的(de)清(qing)朝(chao)統(tong)治(zhi)者也十分敬(jing)重。清(qing)康熙(xi)59年(nian)(nian)，昆(kun)(kun)明(ming)(ming)知縣朱若功(gong)上(shang)表朝(chao)廷，請求祭祀薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，獲(huo)準。清(qing)道光26年(nian)(nian)，賜進(jin)士出(chu)身的(de)翰(han)林院編修、欽(qin)命提督云(yun)南全(quan)(quan)省學(xue)政吳存(cun)義(yi)(yi)撰寫了(le)“明(ming)(ming)忠(zhong)義(yi)(yi)薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生墓表”，對薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)給于(yu)(yu)(yu)了(le)極高(gao)的(de)評(ping)價。后來(lai)歷代的(de)清(qing)朝(chao)官員都不(bu)(bu)斷有(you)人(ren)題詩(shi)作對，歌頌薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)忠(zhong)義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)舉。如康熙(xi)年(nian)(nian)間云(yun)南按察使許宏勛(xun)題聯“寒(han)潭(tan)千(qian)載雪(xue)，玉骨一(yi)堆香”；清(qing)末狀元袁(yuan)澍圃題聯“扶一(yi)代綱常秀(xiu)才真(zhen)以天下任(ren)，奉千(qian)秋(qiu)俎豆伊人(ren)宛在水中(zhong)央(yang)”；還有(you)“古柏奇(qi)花芬芳(fang)滿院迷蝴蝶，寒(han)潭(tan)高(gao)冢節烈(lie)千(qian)秋(qiu)啼(ti)杜鵑”等(deng)等(deng)。薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后人(ren)詩(shi)人(ren)薛(xue)(xue)剛《祭薛(xue)(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生文(wen)(wen)》道：“名山風脈，賴人(ren)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)鎖翠(cui)；龍(long)(long)潭(tan)波蕩(dang)，漾久(jiu)恒之(zhi)精神(shen)。拜先生之(zhi)墓穴(xue)，看高(gao)閣之(zhi)起云(yun)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)定風之(zhi)神(shen)塔(ta)，感正氣之(zhi)長(chang)存(cun)。”表達了(le)深切的(de)敬(jing)意和哀思。