黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)(long)潭分前后兩(liang)池,中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)一橋相隔,一泉(quan)水(shui)清(qing),一泉(quan)水(shui)渾,似道家所說(shuo)陰(yin)陽(yang)各半的(de)“太級圖”。兩(liang)泉(quan)水(shui)相連,但(dan)兩(liang)泉(quan)的(de)魚(yu)卻互不(bu)越潭,形成“兩(liang)水(shui)相交(jiao),魚(yu)不(bu)往(wang)來”的(de)奇異(yi)景觀。古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群繞潭而(er)建(jian),下觀即黑龍(long)(long)宮,始建(jian)于明(ming)洪武(wu)二十七年(1394年),供(gong)奉著龍(long)(long)王、水(shui)族等塑像,傳說(shuo)為興云降雨之神(shen)。隱于綠蔭深處(chu)依山而(er)建(jian)的(de)為上觀龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀,即“漢(han)黑水(shui)祠(ci)”。觀中(zhong)植有被郭沫若為“三異(yi)木”的(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋柏、明(ming)茶,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)元杉、清(qing)玉蘭等,明(ming)清(qing)時期梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花均匯于此(ci),故至今古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)薈(hui)萃,正如阮(ruan)元所道:“千(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花千(qian)尺潭,春風先到(dao)彩云南(nan)。”與古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)相接的(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)——“龍(long)(long)泉(quan)探(tan)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)”為昆明(ming)新十六景之一,是西南(nan)地(di)區(qu)最(zui)大的(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地(di)和(he)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)花研究基地(di)。園(yuan)內薈(hui)萃了數千(qian)株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樹、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及(ji)百年古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei);有濃郁云南(nan)地(di)方民族建(jian)筑(zhu)特色(se)的(de)亭、臺、樓(lou)、榭散布(bu)其間,漾溢著中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)文化的(de)無言之美與沉靜(jing)幽思(si)的(de)情趣。園(yuan)內保留有凸字碑(bei)(bei)、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)(bei)、宋柏碑(bei)(bei)等歷代著名碑(bei)(bei)刻,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)明(ming)忠義公(gong)薛爾望墓和(he)祠(ci)堂遺址。
緊靠龍(long)潭邊(bian)的古建筑群(qun)即(ji)"黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)",俗(su)稱為(wei)下觀,始建于明洪武(wu)二十(shi)七年(1394年),明景(jing)泰四(si)年(1454年)世(shi)襲黔(qian)國(guo)公(gong)沐(mu)氏(shi),重修黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)三進四(si)院(yuan),綠樹森森,古樸幽雅(ya),正殿(dian)(dian)供(gong)龍(long)王,配殿(dian)(dian)供(gong)水族等(deng)塑(su)像。1966年,"文化大革命(ming)"中,塑(su)像全毀。龍(long)宮(gong)正殿(dian)(dian)墻上鑲有清康(kang)熙年間云貴總督(du)范(fan)承(cheng)勛游黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭題詠碑記。2000年11月3日黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭清水池有大量金線魚游出,昆明新聞媒體作了報(bao)道,引起社會廣泛關(guan)注。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)已恢復為(wei)古跡(ji)游覽區。
上觀又(you)稱龍泉觀。龍泉觀山門拱(gong)門牌坊,上書"紫(zi)極玄都(dou)"。黑龍潭上觀分(fen)為(wei)雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、北(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和長春真(zhen)人(ren)、通妙真(zhen)人(ren)祠(ci)等5進13所大小院落(luo),整個建筑群順山勢(shi)由(you)南向(xiang)北(bei)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)升(sheng)高。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)紫(zi)極玄都(dou)山門,第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)北(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(現為(wei)祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),側面為(wei)斗姆閣),第(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)玉(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)三(san)(san)清(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),重重殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)有配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和廂房(fang)。天師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)豐殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、長春真(zhen)人(ren)祠(ci)、通妙真(zhen)人(ren)祠(ci)、休(xiu)偃、庖房(fang)宇(yu),均南北(bei)排列。
雷(lei)(lei)神殿前通(tong)道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce),有兩(liang)株植(zhi)于元代的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)雀杉,東(dong)面一(yi)(yi)株尤為繁茂(mao),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高26米(mi),胸(xiong)(xiong)徑1米(mi),西面一(yi)(yi)株于1979年遭雷(lei)(lei)擊后(hou)已枯萎(wei),現僅(jin)存約 10米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)身及(ji)新(xin)發的(de)(de)(de)枝干。甬道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)近(jin)"紫極玄都(dou)"牌(pai)坊(fang)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)株是奇異的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)株左扭(niu),一(yi)(yi)株右(you)扭(niu),俗稱"左扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)和右(you)扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)",兩(liang)株柏(bo)(bo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)胸(xiong)(xiong)徑均在1米(mi)以上,右(you)側(ce)(ce)一(yi)(yi)株于1984年被雪壓倒折斷,僅(jin)剩6米(mi)高的(de)(de)(de)枯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)樁。碑亭(ting)東(dong)面,有一(yi)(yi)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan),俗稱東(dong)花園(yuan)(yuan)。白(bai)梅(mei)、紅梅(mei)、綠梅(mei)及(ji)臘梅(mei)等多個品(pin)種,梅(mei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)老態龍鐘,枝干橫(heng)蜷,都(dou)是百(bai)年的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)梅(mei),冬(dong)末春初(chu)幽香一(yi)(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)。
唐(tang)(tang)開(kai)元天寶年(nian)(nian)間,道安(an)和尚由大理羅筌寺云(yun)(yun)游(you)昆明,手植兩株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梅花(hua)。到(dao)(dao)清嘉慶年(nian)(nian)間,兩株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)古梅"樹身(shen)腐爛,中若(ruo)玲瓏,旁(pang)發柔(rou)枝",1923年(nian)(nian)兩株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)唐(tang)(tang)梅自然死去,現(xian)留下一株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)四分(fen)之一支干(gan),雖經(jing)千年(nian)(nian)風(feng)霜,仍然枝干(gan)虬結蒼勁(jing),蜿蜒橫陳,臥如龍(long)(long)(long)眠。現(xian)存唐(tang)(tang)梅,為唐(tang)(tang)梅支干(gan)上(shang)的(de)(de)"旁(pang)發柔(rou)枝"。這株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)歷(li)經(jing)千歲(sui)風(feng)雪的(de)(de)奇花(hua),千百年(nian)(nian)來為人們贊不(bu)(bu)絕(jue)口。清道光年(nian)(nian)間阮元的(de)(de)《詠梅詩》:"千歲(sui)梅花(hua)千尺潭,春風(feng)先(xian)到(dao)(dao)彩云(yun)(yun)南。香(xiang)吹蒙鳳龜茲笛(di),影伴天龍(long)(long)(long)石佛龕。玉斧曾遭云(yun)(yun)外劃(hua),驪珠常向(xiang)水中探(tan)。只嗟李杜無題句,不(bu)(bu)與逋仙季迪談。"既寫黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭的(de)(de)千歲(sui)梅花(hua),千尺龍(long)(long)(long)潭,又敘云(yun)(yun)南歷(li)史,對(dui)春風(feng)先(xian)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)彩云(yun)(yun)之南,充滿贊譽之情。
位(wei)于北極殿前(qian),高28米,胸(xiong)徑1.4米。古(gu)根盤結(jie),枝葉茂密。此(ci)外(wai),玉皇殿前(qian)還有(you)一株宋(song)柏,高25米,胸(xiong)徑1.25米,高聳云(yun)霄,枝葉繁(fan)茂。
植于明(ming)代,品種為早桃(tao)紅,至今已有四百多年的歷(li)史,樹高8米,胸(xiong)徑0.25米,每(mei)逢歲寒,其它茶(cha)花尚含苞欲(yu)放,這株早桃(tao)紅已千朵(duo)盛(sheng)開(kai),十(shi)分艷麗(li)。
上觀(guan)碑(bei)亭內,保存著歷(li)代(dai)(dai)大量(liang)珍貴的碑(bei)碣,除唐梅碑(bei)、凸字(zi)碑(bei)外,還有(you)宋柏(bo)碑(bei)、張三豐畫像碑(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)全景圖碑(bei)及歷(li)代(dai)(dai)興(xing)修黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)碑(bei)記。在黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)前兩(liang)院側墻還鑲嵌有(you):道(dao)光元年《重(zhong)修黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)碑(bei)記》、嘉慶三年《示永禁派累碑(bei)記》、康熙庚(geng)午年沈陽范(fan)承勛游(you)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)的碑(bei)記。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)下觀(guan)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)與上觀(guan)龍(long)(long)泉觀(guan),1961年昆明市人民(min)委員會公布為市級(ji)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。1993年11月云南省(sheng)人民(min)政(zheng)府公布為省(sheng)級(ji)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于上觀古建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)北面(mian)(mian),東臨三清殿,西至(zhi)龍泉路,南接(jie)桂花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北抵杜鵑(juan)谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)于1991年9月,先后進行三期工程(cheng)建(jian)設(she),于1993年底(di)竣(jun)工,總投資450萬(wan)元(yuan)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)積28.5公(gong)頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植地(di)栽(zai)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1700株,培植梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多株。1994年元(yuan)旦正式(shi)對外開放,命名為"龍泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為昆明新十六景(jing)(jing)之一。"龍泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分(fen)為梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱(cheng)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口處(chu)立(li)有(you)(you)高4米(mi),寬(kuan)1.6米(mi)由(you)4塊青石(shi)(shi)壘疊(die)而成的(de)(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石(shi)(shi)碑(bei),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門(men)為青綠色園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑(zhu)牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)毛(mao)澤東《沁(qin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun).詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌(pai),展(zhan)出有(you)(you)數百(bai)盆(pen)珍(zhen)稀古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內建(jian)有(you)(you)"文化齋(zhai)"閣廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)(shan)腰,上連紅楓林,下接(jie)藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內匯(hui)聚全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)珍(zhen)稀品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12個,優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)70個。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)有(you)(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展(zhan)廳、接(jie)待室(shi)和爬山(shan)(shan)廊。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北側,至(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后大門(men)。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)(shan)傍水(shui),有(you)(you)水(shui)榭亭廊及(ji)噴泉。花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)節,入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)(you)"且(qie)喜東湖春(chun)來(lai)到,紅梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬(wan)樹一齊開"的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀特色。果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),匯(hui)集了滇中(zhong)、滇西、滇南果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多株,分(fen)片栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)素(su)潔(jie)芳(fang)香,花(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令(ling)人浮想(xiang)聯(lian)翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四(si)周遍植松(song)、竹(zhu)配(pei)景(jing)(jing),把(ba)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)骨(gu),松(song)的(de)(de)(de)堅貞,竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)氣節融于一園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong),形成"歲寒三友(you)"景(jing)(jing)觀。
1997年(nian)為迎(ying)接"香港回歸",黑龍潭風景名勝區營造了"迎(ying)香港回歸紀念林"。林區占地2公頃,共種植紅楓(feng)樹2000余株,立了石(shi)刻紀念碑。每逢(feng)深(shen)秋,半山紅葉隨(sui)風搖(yao)曳(ye),滿山映紅。
杜鵑(juan)谷緊(jin)連果梅(mei)區,位于(yu)"龍泉探梅(mei)"北面的山(shan)谷中,占(zhan)地8公頃,種植(zhi)杜鵑(juan)10萬(wan)多株,清明前后,滿山(shan)滿溝杜鵑(juan)爭奇斗艷,呈現花海景觀。
龍泉山(shan)有(you)環山(shan)游路至(zhi)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta),塔(ta)高13米,為七層八角(jiao)密檐實(shi)心塔(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)又名(ming)文(wen)筆塔(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)始建于(yu)明代,清(qing)咸豐二年(1852年)重(zhong)修過。七級(ji)塔(ta)身(shen)白云石壘砌,雕鑿精(jing)細,造型端莊,塔(ta)上刻道(dao)教(jiao)四方(fang)神(shen)名(ming),還刻有(you)《重(zhong)修五老山(shan)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)記》及道(dao)教(jiao)《玉皇心印妙經》等。按重(zhong)修碑(bei)文(wen)載,重(zhong)修是為使龍泉觀道(dao)院更(geng)加壯觀,"培風(feng)脈于(yu)名(ming)山(shan)"意(yi)為龍泉觀的風(feng)水塔(ta)。1993年重(zhong)修定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)。
龍(long)泉山東山嘴(zui)半坡上(shang),松柏叢(cong)中,為王德三(san)、吳澄、馬登(deng)云三(san)烈士墓(mu),建(jian)于1984年。是(shi)云南(nan)省重點文物保護(hu)單位。墓(mu)園座北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan),建(jian)有(you)休息亭(ting)。墓(mu)地兩側(ce)安(an)裝石(shi)欄,四周廣植松柏。三(san)烈士墓(mu)后是(shi)王復生、張舫烈士的墓(mu)地。
在昆明市內,可乘9、79、128、249路公交車可直達公園(yuan)。
公園屬于低緯(wei)度高原山地季風氣(qi)候,由于受印度洋西南暖濕(shi)氣(qi)流的影響,日照(zhao)長、霜期(qi)短、年平均氣(qi)溫15℃。氣(qi)候溫和(he),夏(xia)無(wu)酷(ku)暑,冬(dong)不(bu)嚴寒(han),四季如春(chun),氣(qi)侯(hou)宜人。