黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍潭分前后(hou)兩池,中(zhong)以(yi)一(yi)橋相隔(ge),一(yi)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)清(qing),一(yi)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)渾,似道(dao)(dao)家所(suo)說陰陽各半的(de)(de)(de)“太級圖”。兩泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)相連(lian),但兩泉(quan)的(de)(de)(de)魚卻互不越潭,形成“兩水(shui)(shui)相交,魚不往來”的(de)(de)(de)奇異景觀。古建(jian)筑(zhu)群繞潭而(er)建(jian),下觀即(ji)黑(hei)龍宮,始建(jian)于(yu)明洪武二十七年(1394年),供奉著(zhu)龍王、水(shui)(shui)族等塑像(xiang),傳說為興云(yun)降雨之(zhi)神。隱于(yu)綠蔭深處(chu)依山而(er)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)為上觀龍泉(quan)觀,即(ji)“漢黑(hei)水(shui)(shui)祠”。觀中(zhong)植有(you)被郭沫若為“三異木”的(de)(de)(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋(song)柏、明茶,以(yi)及元杉、清(qing)玉(yu)蘭等,明清(qing)時期(qi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)均(jun)匯于(yu)此,故至今(jin)古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)薈萃,正(zheng)如(ru)阮(ruan)元所(suo)道(dao)(dao):“千歲(sui)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)千尺潭,春風先(xian)到彩(cai)云(yun)南(nan)。”與古建(jian)筑(zhu)相接的(de)(de)(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園——“龍泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)”為昆明新十六景之(zhi)一(yi),是西南(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)最大的(de)(de)(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地(di)(di)和梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)研究基地(di)(di)。園內薈萃了(le)數千株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹(shu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及百年古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei);有(you)濃(nong)郁云(yun)南(nan)地(di)(di)方民族建(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)亭、臺、樓、榭(xie)散布其間,漾溢著(zhu)中(zhong)國(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)無言之(zhi)美與沉(chen)靜幽思的(de)(de)(de)情趣。園內保留有(you)凸字碑、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)碑、宋(song)柏碑等歷(li)代著(zhu)名碑刻,以(yi)及明忠義公薛爾望(wang)墓和祠堂遺址。
緊靠龍(long)潭邊的古建(jian)筑群(qun)即"黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)",俗稱(cheng)為(wei)下觀,始建(jian)于(yu)明洪武二十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),明景(jing)泰四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))世襲黔國公(gong)沐氏(shi),重(zhong)修黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)三進四(si)院,綠樹森(sen)森(sen),古樸幽雅,正殿供龍(long)王(wang),配殿供水族等塑像。1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),"文化大革(ge)命"中(zhong),塑像全毀。龍(long)宮(gong)正殿墻上鑲(xiang)有清康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間云貴總督(du)范承勛游(you)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭題詠碑記。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月3日黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)潭清水池(chi)有大量金(jin)線魚(yu)游(you)出,昆明新聞媒體作了報道,引起社會廣泛關注。黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)宮(gong)已恢復為(wei)古跡游(you)覽區(qu)。
上(shang)觀(guan)又稱龍(long)(long)泉觀(guan)。龍(long)(long)泉觀(guan)山(shan)門拱門牌坊(fang),上(shang)書"紫極玄都(dou)"。黑龍(long)(long)潭上(shang)觀(guan)分為(wei)雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、北(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)長(chang)春真(zhen)人、通妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)等(deng)5進13所大小(xiao)院(yuan)落,整個建筑群順山(shan)勢由南向(xiang)北(bei)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)升高。第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)紫極玄都(dou)山(shan)門,第(di)二層(ceng)(ceng)雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)北(bei)極殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(現為(wei)祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),側(ce)面為(wei)斗姆(mu)閣(ge)),第(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),第(di)五層(ceng)(ceng)三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),重重殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)有(you)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)廂房(fang)。天師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)豐殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、長(chang)春真(zhen)人祠(ci)、通妙真(zhen)人祠(ci)、休(xiu)偃、庖房(fang)宇(yu),均南北(bei)排列。
雷神(shen)殿前(qian)通道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce),有(you)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)植于元(yuan)代(dai)的(de)孔雀(que)杉,東(dong)面(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尤為繁茂,樹(shu)高26米(mi),胸徑1米(mi),西面(mian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于1979年遭雷擊后已(yi)枯(ku)萎,現僅存約 10米(mi)的(de)樹(shu)身及新發(fa)的(de)枝干(gan)。甬道(dao)兩(liang)側(ce)近"紫極玄都"牌(pai)坊(fang)的(de)兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)奇異的(de)扭(niu)(niu)柏樹(shu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)扭(niu)(niu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)右(you)(you)扭(niu)(niu),俗稱"左(zuo)扭(niu)(niu)柏和右(you)(you)扭(niu)(niu)柏",兩(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)柏樹(shu)胸徑均在(zai)1米(mi)以上,右(you)(you)側(ce)一(yi)(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于1984年被(bei)雪(xue)壓倒折斷(duan),僅剩6米(mi)高的(de)枯(ku)樹(shu)樁。碑(bei)亭東(dong)面(mian),有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)梅園,俗稱東(dong)花(hua)園。白梅、紅(hong)梅、綠梅及臘梅等多個品種,梅樹(shu)老態龍(long)鐘(zhong),枝干(gan)橫蜷,都是(shi)百年的(de)古梅,冬末(mo)春初幽香一(yi)(yi)(yi)園。
唐開元天寶年(nian)間(jian),道(dao)安和(he)尚(shang)由大理羅(luo)筌寺(si)云(yun)游昆明,手植兩株梅花。到清(qing)嘉慶年(nian)間(jian),兩株古梅"樹身腐爛,中若玲瓏,旁發柔(rou)(rou)枝",1923年(nian)兩株唐梅自然死去,現留下一株的(de)(de)(de)四(si)分之(zhi)一支(zhi)(zhi)干,雖經千(qian)年(nian)風(feng)(feng)霜,仍然枝干虬結蒼勁,蜿蜒橫陳,臥如龍眠。現存唐梅,為(wei)唐梅支(zhi)(zhi)干上的(de)(de)(de)"旁發柔(rou)(rou)枝"。這株歷經千(qian)歲風(feng)(feng)雪的(de)(de)(de)奇花,千(qian)百年(nian)來為(wei)人們(men)贊不絕口(kou)。清(qing)道(dao)光年(nian)間(jian)阮(ruan)元的(de)(de)(de)《詠(yong)梅詩》:"千(qian)歲梅花千(qian)尺(chi)潭(tan),春風(feng)(feng)先到彩云(yun)南。香吹(chui)蒙鳳(feng)龜茲笛,影伴天龍石佛龕(kan)。玉斧曾遭云(yun)外劃(hua),驪珠(zhu)常(chang)向水中探。只嗟李杜無(wu)題(ti)句,不與逋(bu)仙季迪談。"既寫黑龍潭(tan)的(de)(de)(de)千(qian)歲梅花,千(qian)尺(chi)龍潭(tan),又(you)敘云(yun)南歷史,對春風(feng)(feng)先到的(de)(de)(de)彩云(yun)之(zhi)南,充(chong)滿贊譽(yu)之(zhi)情(qing)。
位于北(bei)極(ji)殿前(qian),高28米,胸徑1.4米。古根盤結(jie),枝葉茂(mao)密(mi)。此外,玉皇(huang)殿前(qian)還有一株宋柏,高25米,胸徑1.25米,高聳云霄,枝葉繁茂(mao)。
植于(yu)明(ming)代,品種為(wei)早(zao)桃(tao)紅(hong),至今已(yi)有四(si)百多年的歷史,樹高(gao)8米,胸徑0.25米,每(mei)逢歲寒,其(qi)它茶(cha)花尚含苞欲(yu)放,這株早(zao)桃(tao)紅(hong)已(yi)千朵盛開,十分(fen)艷(yan)麗。
上(shang)觀碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)內,保(bao)(bao)存著歷(li)代大量珍貴的(de)碑(bei)(bei)碣(jie),除唐梅碑(bei)(bei)、凸字碑(bei)(bei)外,還(huan)有(you)宋柏碑(bei)(bei)、張三豐(feng)畫像碑(bei)(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)(bei)、黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭全景圖碑(bei)(bei)及歷(li)代興修(xiu)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭碑(bei)(bei)記。在(zai)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)前兩院側墻(qiang)還(huan)鑲嵌(qian)有(you):道光元年(nian)(nian)《重修(xiu)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)碑(bei)(bei)記》、嘉慶(qing)三年(nian)(nian)《示永(yong)禁派(pai)累碑(bei)(bei)記》、康熙庚午年(nian)(nian)沈陽范承勛游黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭的(de)碑(bei)(bei)記。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭下觀黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)與(yu)上(shang)觀龍(long)(long)泉觀,1961年(nian)(nian)昆明市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)委員會公(gong)布為市(shi)級重點文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位。1993年(nian)(nian)11月云南省人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府公(gong)布為省級重點文物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于上(shang)觀古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)北(bei)面,東(dong)臨三清殿,西至龍(long)泉路,南接(jie)桂花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)抵(di)杜鵑(juan)谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)(jian)于1991年(nian)9月,先后(hou)進行(xing)三期工程建(jian)(jian)設,于1993年(nian)底竣工,總(zong)投資450萬(wan)元。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面積28.5公(gong)頃(qing),種(zhong)植(zhi)地(di)栽(zai)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),1700株(zhu),培植(zhi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多株(zhu)。1994年(nian)元旦正式對外(wai)開放,命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)"龍(long)泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為(wei)(wei)昆明新十(shi)六景(jing)(jing)(jing)之一(yi)(yi)。"龍(long)泉探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為(wei)(wei)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、果(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)藝(yi)(yi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口處立有高4米(mi),寬(kuan)1.6米(mi)由4塊青石壘疊而成的(de)(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻(yun)"石碑,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門為(wei)(wei)青綠(lv)色園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)有毛澤東(dong)《沁園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春(chun).詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩(shi)牌(pai),展出有數百盆(pen)珍(zhen)稀古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆(pen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)有"文(wen)化齋"閣廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)腰,上(shang)連紅(hong)楓(feng)林,下接(jie)藝(yi)(yi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)匯(hui)聚全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)珍(zhen)稀品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)12個(ge),優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)70個(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)有梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)展廳(ting)、接(jie)待室和爬山(shan)廊。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北(bei)側,至公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)大(da)門。賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)傍水(shui),有水(shui)榭亭廊及噴泉。花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)節(jie),入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有"且喜東(dong)湖春(chun)來(lai)到,紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬(wan)樹(shu)一(yi)(yi)齊開"的(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀特(te)色。果(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),匯(hui)集了(le)滇中(zhong)(zhong)、滇西、滇南果(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹(shu)2000多株(zhu),分片栽(zai)種(zhong),果(guo)(guo)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)素(su)潔芳(fang)香,花(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)開時(shi)雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令(ling)人(ren)浮想(xiang)聯翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周遍(bian)植(zhi)松(song)、竹配景(jing)(jing)(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)風骨,松(song)的(de)(de)堅貞,竹的(de)(de)氣(qi)節(jie)融(rong)于一(yi)(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong),形成"歲(sui)寒(han)三友"景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀。
1997年為迎接(jie)"香(xiang)港回歸",黑龍潭風(feng)(feng)景名勝區營造了"迎香(xiang)港回歸紀(ji)念林(lin)"。林(lin)區占地2公頃,共種植紅(hong)楓樹2000余株,立了石刻紀(ji)念碑。每逢(feng)深秋,半(ban)山(shan)紅(hong)葉隨風(feng)(feng)搖(yao)曳,滿山(shan)映紅(hong)。
杜(du)鵑(juan)谷緊連(lian)果梅區,位于(yu)"龍(long)泉探(tan)梅"北面(mian)的山谷中,占(zhan)地8公頃,種植杜(du)鵑(juan)10萬多株(zhu),清明前后,滿山滿溝杜(du)鵑(juan)爭奇斗艷(yan),呈現花海景(jing)觀。
龍(long)泉山(shan)有環山(shan)游路至(zhi)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)高(gao)13米,為七(qi)層八角密檐實心(xin)塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)又名(ming)文筆塔(ta)(ta)。定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)始(shi)建于明代,清咸豐二(er)年(nian)(1852年(nian))重修(xiu)過。七(qi)級(ji)塔(ta)(ta)身白云石(shi)壘砌,雕鑿(zao)精細,造(zao)型端莊,塔(ta)(ta)上(shang)刻道教四方神(shen)名(ming),還(huan)刻有《重修(xiu)五老山(shan)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)記》及道教《玉皇心(xin)印妙經》等。按重修(xiu)碑(bei)文載,重修(xiu)是為使龍(long)泉觀(guan)道院更加壯觀(guan),"培(pei)風(feng)脈于名(ming)山(shan)"意為龍(long)泉觀(guan)的(de)風(feng)水塔(ta)(ta)。1993年(nian)重修(xiu)定(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)。
龍泉山東山嘴半坡上,松(song)柏(bo)叢中,為王(wang)德三(san)、吳澄、馬登云三(san)烈士(shi)墓(mu),建(jian)于1984年。是(shi)云南(nan)(nan)省重點文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。墓(mu)園(yuan)座北向南(nan)(nan),建(jian)有(you)休息亭。墓(mu)地兩側安裝石欄(lan),四周廣(guang)植松(song)柏(bo)。三(san)烈士(shi)墓(mu)后是(shi)王(wang)復生、張(zhang)舫烈士(shi)的墓(mu)地。
在昆明(ming)市內,可乘9、79、128、249路公(gong)交車可直達(da)公(gong)園。
公園(yuan)屬于低緯度高原(yuan)山地(di)季風氣(qi)候,由于受印度洋西(xi)南暖(nuan)濕(shi)氣(qi)流的影響,日照長、霜(shuang)期短、年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫15℃。氣(qi)候溫和,夏無酷暑,冬不嚴寒,四季如春,氣(qi)侯(hou)宜(yi)人。