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西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話，因主要流(liu)行(xing)于長江上(shang)(shang)游地區，亦稱上(shang)(shang)江官(guan)話，屬于現代(dai)漢(han)語(yu)官(guan)話方言。西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)官(guan)話下分6片、22小片，分布于四川、重慶、貴(gui)州、云南(nan)(nan)(nan)、湖北(bei)、廣西(xi)(xi)、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)、陜西(xi)(xi)、江西(xi)(xi)、甘(gan)肅、廣東(dong)、海南(nan)(nan)(nan)、福(fu)建共15省(sheng)市(shi)自治區、600多(duo)縣市(shi)區以及東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞(ya)的少部分地區。

主(zhu)要(yao)分布于四(si)川(chuan)、重慶(qing)、貴(gui)州、云南、湖北、廣西、湖南七省和(he)直轄市。

《中國(guo)語言地圖集》里(li)給(gei)出的(de)西南官話的(de)定義(yi)是：西南地區(qu)以及附近的(de)，入聲(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)歸派到某一聲(sheng)調或者四聲(sheng)調值與成都(dou)、武漢、重慶、常德(de)、貴陽、昆(kun)明、桂(gui)林相近的(de)漢語方言。

西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)是(shi)從明(ming)朝開(kai)始，因移民西南地(di)區而逐(zhu)漸形成的官(guan)(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)，其語音(yin)系(xi)統在官(guan)(guan)話(hua)中也是(shi)最簡(jian)單的，除了濁音(yin)清化等官(guan)(guan)話(hua)的共同(tong)特點(dian)外，西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)多數(shu)不分(fen)平(ping)、翹舌音(yin)，是(shi)一種帶有過渡性質的南方(fang)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)。

西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的(de)使用人(ren)數多達2.7億，是官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)使用范圍(wei)最(zui)廣(guang)、使用人(ren)口最(zui)多的(de)方(fang)言(yan)，一般史(shi)者研(yan)究認為西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)是江淮官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的(de)延伸，二者有淵源(yuan)關系，并同(tong)屬南(nan)(nan)方(fang)系官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)，因為西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的(de)形(xing)成根(gen)據歷史(shi)研(yan)究表明，是從明代開始，因移民西南(nan)(nan)而逐漸形(xing)成的(de)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言(yan)，移民是西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)形(xing)成的(de)主要因素。

西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話的(de)形成與元(yuan)朝之后進(jin)入中(zhong)國西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)地區的(de)移民(min)具有很大關聯，成渝片四川話與湖廣片武漢話音(yin)系(xi)產生分(fen)化的(de)年(nian)代(dai)都至少可以上溯至明(ming)朝，因而(er)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話的(de)形成年(nian)代(dai)應(ying)當(dang)更早。

同(tong)時(shi)有學者認為(wei)其可能(neng)與另一(yi)種(zhong)南方(fang)(fang)官(guan)話（江淮官(guan)話）同(tong)源。西南官(guan)話在詞(ci)匯、音韻等方(fang)(fang)面與北(bei)方(fang)(fang)官(guan)話相比都具有顯著(zhu)差異。部分方(fang)(fang)言：福善巖(yan)上土話。

發展歷史

西(xi)南(nan)官話是從明代開始，因(yin)移(yi)民(min)西(xi)南(nan)而逐漸(jian)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)官話方言，移(yi)民(min)是西(xi)南(nan)官話形成(cheng)的(de)(de)主要因(yin)素(su)。一般認為(wei)西(xi)南(nan)官話是江淮官話的(de)(de)延伸，二(er)者有淵源關系(xi)，并(bing)同屬(shu)南(nan)方系(xi)官話，但學界(jie)對此說法持謹慎觀(guan)點。

漢族移(yi)民西南，四(si)川(chuan)屬(shu)較(jiao)早的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區之一(yi)。四(si)川(chuan)古(gu)為(wei)巴蜀之地(di)(di)，土地(di)(di)肥沃，地(di)(di)理偏安，漢族最早在(zai)秦(qin)統一(yi)巴蜀之后（約公(gong)元前301年(nian)）就已遷(qian)入(ru)此地(di)(di)。從秦(qin)至宋(song)歷代，均有漢人因躲(duo)避(bi)戰亂、天災而遷(qian)入(ru)四(si)川(chuan)。如(ru)唐末黃巢起義。漢族遷(qian)入(ru)四(si)川(chuan)的(de)(de)線路(lu)主要是越(yue)過秦(qin)嶺(ling)移(yi)進，故移(yi)民的(de)(de)主體為(wei)中原漢人（以甘陜(shan)為(wei)主），當時的(de)(de)西南方言(yan)以北方官話為(wei)主。

明(ming)清是漢族(zu)大(da)規模(mo)移(yi)(yi)民西(xi)南的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)時期(qi)，西(xi)南官話(hua)在這(zhe)段時期(qi)中，通過(guo)方言(yan)間的(de)不(bu)斷影響、融合而(er)逐(zhu)步形成。元末明(ming)初(chu)，湖廣(guang)一帶是元朝軍(jun)隊與(yu)紅巾(jin)軍(jun)、朱元璋廝殺(sha)拉(la)鋸(ju)的(de)主戰場之(zhi)一，戰亂使得當地人口急劇減少，造成人口從西(xi)北(bei)到東南呈由稀變密的(de)狀態。因故，明(ming)洪武(wu)間，出現了“江西(xi)填湖廣(guang)”和第(di)一次(ci)“湖廣(guang)填四川”的(de)移(yi)(yi)民大(da)潮(chao)，同時在滇黔、桂(gui)北(bei)一帶廣(guang)設衛所，遷入大(da)量移(yi)(yi)民。

明(ming)代大移(yi)民，徹底改(gai)變了原來(lai)西南地區以(yi)少(shao)數(shu)民族為主體的結構(gou)，遲(chi)至明(ming)末，漢族已在西南地區的民族結構(gou)中占據絕對優勢(shi)。明(ming)代移(yi)民西南的主要(yao)方式是由衛(wei)所(suo)軍士及(ji)其家眷組成的軍事移(yi)民，其來(lai)源主要(yao)為江南、湖廣、江西等(deng)地。

明代西(xi)南(nan)地區(qu)的韻書記錄(lu)，證明西(xi)南(nan)官話在當時已經(jing)成(cheng)型(xing)。漢(han)族早期移(yi)民西(xi)南(nan)，因來源多樣，呈(cheng)現出“五方雜處(chu)，言語各異”的局面。

為了解決“正音”問(wen)題，當地出現了一些用官(guan)話“正音”的韻書，如蘭茂《韻略易通》、葛中選《泰律篇》等。

明代西(xi)南(nan)地(di)區出(chu)(chu)現的韻書(shu)(shu)和(he)辭(ci)書(shu)(shu)，大體屬(shu)于(yu)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)系統(tong)(tong)，其音系均(jun)體現出(chu)(chu)一(yi)定的地(di)域(yu)方音特(te)點(dian)。而這(zhe)些地(di)域(yu)方音特(te)點(dian)的系統(tong)(tong)出(chu)(chu)現，標志著西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)基本形成。明正統(tong)(tong)年間(jian)的《韻略易通(tong)》反(fan)映了(le)通(tong)行(xing)于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)的讀書(shu)(shu)音已與官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有明顯的差異，以及(ji)當(dang)時西(xi)南(nan)地(di)域(yu)性通(tong)語(yu)方音的基本存(cun)在概(gai)況。

根據(ju)《讀書(shu)通·五聲(sheng)譜(pu)》記(ji)錄說明，當時川滇(dian)鄂等地的方言中入(ru)聲(sheng)亦然失去塞音(yin)韻尾。足以印證今西南官(guan)話(hua)中“入(ru)聲(sheng)調(diao)合(he)為一類，入(ru)聲(sheng)韻不(bu)帶(dai)塞音(yin)韻尾，去聲(sheng)調(diao)不(bu)分(fen)陰陽”的區(qu)域性語音(yin)特(te)點(dian)，在明末已經(jing)形(xing)成。

清(qing)代(dai)西南的(de)移(yi)民，除“湖廣填四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)”的(de)外(wai)部人(ren)口(kou)遷(qian)入(ru)，內(nei)部主(zhu)要(yao)體現為區域擴散(san)式移(yi)民。明末清(qing)初，起義不(bu)停，天災頻頻，戰亂不(bu)斷，造成四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)人(ren)口(kou)銳減(jian)。清(qing)順治、康熙年間又開(kai)始大(da)量向四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)移(yi)民，清(qing)代(dai)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)移(yi)民的(de)來源同明代(dai)一(yi)樣，以(yi)湖廣為主(zhu)，占(zhan)移(yi)民總數(shu)一(yi)半以(yi)上。

清代改土歸(gui)流完(wan)成(cheng)后，漢人開始進入以(yi)前由少數民族控制的區域。乾隆中(zhong)期(qi)以(yi)后，四川人口開始向周邊(bian)地(di)區遷移(yi)。一部分(fen)已遷入省內的邊(bian)遠山區。

清代的(de)移民(min)由明代沿交通要道的(de)點(dian)、線狀分布，發展為大量向(xiang)(xiang)邊遠山區(qu)和少民(min)聚居區(qu)流(liu)動的(de)片、面分布。西南官(guan)話(hua)隨著內部(bu)擴散(san)式移民(min)而不斷整合擴張(zhang)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)內聚力(li)較強的(de)區(qu)域性語(yu)言集(ji)團，往后(hou)一直以其簡(jian)潔(jie)的(de)音系優勢(shi)，隨人口(kou)的(de)外移而不斷向(xiang)(xiang)外擴張(zhang)。

從清(qing)朝到(dao)20世紀上半葉，入聲(sheng)歸(gui)讀(du)陽平(ping)的(de)(de)特點在西(xi)(xi)南官話較多的(de)(de)方(fang)言區內(nei)得以呈現。清(qing)末，根據傳(chuan)教士對成都和(he)漢(han)口(kou)兩地的(de)(de)語音記錄資料顯示，當時的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南官話仍存有入聲(sheng)調(diao)。

20世(shi)紀(ji)三四(si)(si)十年代，楊時逢、趙元(yuan)任等(deng)組織(zhi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)了(le)川(chuan)、黔(qian)、湘(xiang)、鄂的(de)(de)漢語方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)，并撰寫出《四(si)(si)川(chuan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告》《云方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告》《湖南方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告》和《湖北方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)查(cha)報(bao)告》。報(bao)告顯(xian)示，不僅(jin)武(wu)漢、成(cheng)都的(de)(de)入(ru)聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)已(yi)歸(gui)陽(yang)平，連同昆明、貴陽(yang)、桂林等(deng)，西南官(guan)話近五分之四(si)(si)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)點的(de)(de)入(ru)聲(sheng)均已(yi)歸(gui)讀陽(yang)平調(diao)(diao)(diao)。

入聲讀陽平在西(xi)南官(guan)話中的演(yan)變，是(shi)非常晚近（20世紀及(ji)其以后）且為短時期內(nei)的共時語音(yin)演(yan)變現象，有些(xie)方言點仍處于這一演(yan)變進程中。

特點介紹

西(xi)南官話中(zhong)最(zui)大(da)片區的使用(yong)人口約(yue)為1億(yi)。其(qi)語音(yin)(yin)(yin)系統在(zai)官話中(zhong)也是最(zui)簡(jian)單的，除(chu)了濁音(yin)(yin)(yin)清化、從(cong)g k h / z c s中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)化出 j q x、-m韻尾派入(ru)(ru)-n或-ng、無尖團(tuan)對(dui)(dui)立(li)等(deng)官話的共同特點外，西(xi)南官話有(you)(you)(you)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)平(ping)、翹(qiao)(qiao)舌音(yin)(yin)(yin)（有(you)(you)(you)的地區僅將中(zhong)古漢語發音(yin)(yin)(yin)為zi-、ci-、si-的入(ru)(ru)聲字讀(du)作翹(qiao)(qiao)舌；也有(you)(you)(you)極少(shao)數地區如北(bei)京(jing)話般嚴格區分(fen)(fen)(fen)平(ping)翹(qiao)(qiao)舌音(yin)(yin)(yin)），還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)fu和hu（甚至f與hu顛倒），部分(fen)(fen)(fen)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)n和l（大(da)多有(you)(you)(you)n、l對(dui)(dui)立(li)），同時不分(fen)(fen)(fen)ing和in、eng和en（b、p、m、f后的eng讀(du)ong）。

多數(shu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)字派(pai)(pai)入(ru)陽平，分類簡單，不(bu)(bu)似北京官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的入(ru)派(pai)(pai)三聲(sheng)(sheng)復(fu)雜而混亂，但是有(you)(you)的片(pian)保留入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)（但多為特(te)殊調(diao)值(zhi)，并無塞音韻尾）或者派(pai)(pai)入(ru)其他調(diao)類。西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)和湘語、客家話(hua)、粵語、贛語有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)少相似之(zhi)處（比如保留了大(da)部分ng聲(sheng)(sheng)母，川東話(hua)有(you)(you)很(hen)多粵方言獨(du)有(you)(you)的讀(du)字法，如“解”、“六”等數(shu)百字），是一(yi)種帶有(you)(you)過渡性質的南方官(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)。

聲調

西南官話古入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)未發(fa)生分化，整體保(bao)留(liu)或整體混(hun)入(ru)(ru)它調（主要(yao)混(hun)入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)平）。例(li)如四川話中(zhong)，入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)整體混(hun)入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)平；岷(min)江小(xiao)(xiao)片中(zhong)整體保(bao)留(liu)了入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)，部分地(di)區甚至還保(bao)留(liu)塞音韻尾；仁富小(xiao)(xiao)片入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)整體派入(ru)(ru)去聲(sheng)；雅棉小(xiao)(xiao)片入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)整體派入(ru)(ru)陰平。

在(zai)湖廣片中，不乏去聲(sheng)分陰陽的次方言，同時(shi)也有(you)少(shao)部分入聲(sheng)分陰陽者。例如湖南北部的津市，其方言中古全濁入歸陽入，其余歸陰入。

西南(nan)官話聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)(diao)值大(da)致可(ke)分為10個類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，各類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)之間差異(yi)顯著。其中分布(bu)最(zui)(zui)廣(guang)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)（陰平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)(zui)高調(diao)(diao)(diao)，陽(yang)平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)(zui)低調(diao)(diao)(diao)，上(shang)聲是(shi)次高降調(diao)(diao)(diao)，去聲是(shi)低降升調(diao)(diao)(diao)），即四(si)(si)川話聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，主要流行于四(si)(si)川/重慶一(yi)帶以及毗鄰的(de)貴州北部(bu)。這種(zhong)聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)內(nei)部(bu)一(yi)致性很高，是(shi)西南(nan)官話最(zui)(zui)具(ju)代表性的(de)聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。

川黔型

成渝(yu)亞型 55 21 42 213 陽平 四川盆地大部(bu)、貴州北部(bu)

瀘州亞型 55 21 42 13 33 四川盆(pen)地(di)東(dong)南(nan)部

瀘定亞型(xing) 55 21 53 24 陰平 川西西部雅安(an)一帶

自貢亞型 55 21 42 213 去聲(sheng) 川中沱江(jiang)下游一帶

貴(gui)陽(yang)(yang)亞型 45 21 43 24 陽(yang)(yang)平(ping) 貴(gui)州(zhou)中(zhong)部和西部

漢中亞型 55 21 24 212 濁(zhuo)入(ru)陽平;清入(ru)/次濁(zhuo)入(ru)歸陰平或(huo)陽平 陜西西南部(bu)，甘(gan)肅(su)隴南局(ju)地

云南型

昆明亞型 44 31 53 212 陽平(ping) 云(yun)南(nan)中部

個舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平(ping) 云(yun)南南部

保山亞(ya)型 32 44 53 25 陽平 云南西部(bu)

湖廣型

武漢亞型 55 213 42 35 陽平 湖北(bei)中西部

石(shi)首亞型 45 13 41 陰214/陽(yang)33 陰25/陽(yang)入(ru)歸陽(yang)去(qu) 湖北南部

漢壽亞型 55 213 42 陰35/陽33 55 湖南西(xi)北部(bu)

澧州亞型 55 13 21 陰213/陽33 陰35/陽入歸陽去 湖南北部（常(chang)德）

桃源亞型 44 23 21 陰(yin)213/陽(yang)33 55 湖南北部（常德）

黎平亞型 33 13 31 53 陽平(黎平有入聲調) 湘(xiang)黔界(jie)

襄陽-北(bei)官型 35 52 55 21 陽平（少數清(qing)入歸陰平） 湖北(bei)北(bei)部(bu)

桂柳型

桂林亞型(xing) 33 21 55 35 陽(yang)平(ping) 廣西北(bei)部

永(yong)(yong)州亞(ya)型 33 23 55 陽23/陰214 陽平 永(yong)(yong)州

欽(qin)州(zhou)亞(ya)型 35 21 44 13 陰(yin)13/陽(yang)5 欽(qin)州(zhou)城(cheng)區

邕(yong)州官話 35 31 54 13 大部(bu)分歸陽平；陰(yin)5/陽2 南寧局地

軍話與未分片

八(ba)所亞型 33 31 51 55 11 東方市(shi)和(he)昌江市(shi)郊(jiao)區(qu)

贛(gan)(gan)州(zhou)亞型 33 31 53 13 5 贛(gan)(gan)州(zhou)城關

信豐亞型 33 53 31 13 陽平 信豐城關

考量入聲

凡普(pu)通話(hua)讀陰平、上、去，而在西(xi)南官話(hua)入派陽平的字大(da)多是(shi)古入聲字（例外字：玉）。

凡不送氣(qi)的陽(yang)平(ping)字是古代(dai)入聲字。多(duo)數鼻音韻(yun)尾（陽(yang)聲韻(yun)）字都(dou)不是古代(dai)入聲字。

凡?r音節的(de)字(zi)不(bu)是(shi)古代入(ru)聲字(zi)。凡uai、uei韻母的(de)字(zi)不(bu)是(shi)古入(ru)聲字(zi)（例外(wai)字(zi)：蟀）。

除靴瘸以外的y?韻(yun)母(mu)字(zi)是古代入聲(sheng)字(zi)。

凡普通話有元音(yin)韻尾而西南官話沒有的字(zi)是古(gu)代(dai)入(ru)聲字(zi)。

除了西蜀片的(de)樂山話(hua)的(de)瘸和德江話(hua)的(de)祛白讀韻(yun)母(mu)為(wei)io，凡方言中的(de)io韻(yun)母(mu)字(zi)都(dou)是古(gu)代入(ru)聲(sheng)字(zi)。

韻母

①以(yi)川黔片-重(zhong)慶(qing)話為例

開尾 元音尾 鼻音尾

開口呼 ?　日 ? a o　我(wo) e　黑 ai　街 ei　批 au　包 ?u　走 an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝

二大

齊齒呼 i　一 ia　牙 ie　葉 iai　介 iau　標(biao) i?u　九 ian　變(bian) in　兵 ia?　量

合口(kou)呼 u　五 ua　瓜 ue　國 uai　乖 uei　類 uan　段 u?n　春 ua?　光

撮口(kou)呼 y　魚 yo　藥 ye　絕 yu　俗 yan　鮮 yn　泳(yong) yo?　蓉(rong)

②以湖廣片(pian)-武漢話(hua)為例

開口呼 齊齒呼 合(he)口呼 撮(cuo)口呼 備注

? 子此十(shi)支是 i 一比力七(qi)氣 u 五不附戶古 y 女于入主出(chu) ?二(er)日k??去(白讀)

ɑ 八大乍(zha)下(xia)撒 iɑ 牙甲(jia)恰(qia)家(jia)瞎 uɑ 話(hua)瓦瓜(gua)化(hua)刷(shua) ?ya 靴(白讀)

o 窩末多左合 io 約若虐學(xue)削

? 北得克(ke)蛇革 ie 也別劣邪絕 u? 說國虢或獲 ye 月決掘缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣”開合不(bu)定(ding)

ai 艾拜乃在介 uai 外(wai)怪快拐衰

ei 貝杯最披內 uei 瑰未吹(chui)銳回 “最”“脆”“歲”開(kai)合(he)不定

ɑu 奧(ao)包刀少早 iɑu 巧妖了小苗

ou 歐口(kou)杜六竹 iou 又牛九囚秀

an 南(nan)安(an)凡(fan)旦短 ien 言(yan)片(pian)天千(qian)偏 uan 丸(wan)船官款歡 yen 鉛沿倦玄(xuan)軟(ruan) “全”“癬”“縣(xian)”開合不定

?n 恩硬崩吞存(cun) in 印(yin)民(min)丁巾(jin)心 u?n 文坤昏橫混(hun) y?n 春允永(yong)均唇 “傾”“尋(xun)”“旬”開合不定

ɑ? 湯方上巷郎(lang) iɑ? 仰兩江香羊 uɑ? 王旺(wang)窗光狂

o? 翁中孟木工 io? 榮茸窮兄雄 開(kai)合不定者多(duo)表(biao)現(xian)為“武合漢(han)開(kai)”

③以桂柳片-桂林話為例

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲 i /i/ 衣 u /u/ 烏 ü /y/ 迂

a /a/ 啊 ia /ia/ 呀(ya) ua /ua/ 蛙

o /o/ 哦 io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃 ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月(yue)

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸 ui /u?i/ 威

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐 iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉(rou)

an/?/安(an) ian /i?/ 煙 uan /u?/ 彎 üan /y?/ 冤

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因 un /un/ 溫 ün /yn/ 暈(yun)

ang/ɑ?/昂 iang /iɑ?/ 央 uang /uɑ?/ 汪

ong/o?/翁 iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母（含各呼）的韻尾極其微弱(ruo)，有(you)脫落趨勢。2.ê屬(shu)舊(jiu)讀，下有(you)兒、而、爾、耳、二等字。

典型的(de)西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)具有陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)四(si)聲(sheng)五調(diao)(diao)(diao)甚至有六調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)區域，古入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)舒化成渝片等片派(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，岷江仁富小片派(pai)(pai)入(ru)(ru)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng).根據(ju)1939年的(de)民(min)國調(diao)(diao)(diao)查西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有單獨的(de)入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)調(diao)(diao)(diao).則(ze)也認定(ding)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)。西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)四(si)聲(sheng)典型的(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)值(zhi)如下(xia)（以(yi)四(si)川話(hua)(hua)為(wei)例(li)）：陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)214、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)21.舒化后出現陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)211、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)213、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)211.或陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)(ping)(ping)55、陽(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)212、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)213、入(ru)(ru)聲(sheng)211.

從建國后逐漸出現入聲被歸(gui)陽平學(xue)術專(zhuan)家占據(ju)言(yan)(yan)論上風。李榮發表在(zai)《方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)》1985年第1期的(de)(de)《官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)分(fen)區(qu)》里(li)說(shuo)得(de)很(hen)(hen)明白，也很(hen)(hen)直接。他說(shuo)：“討論方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)分(fen)區(qu)，根據(ju)五十年代方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)結果，和以前(qian)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)，新近的(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)。方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查(cha)(cha)分(fen)省區(qu)安(an)排工作(zuo)。調(diao)查(cha)(cha)以市、縣(xian)或相(xiang)當于(yu)縣(xian)的(de)(de)行政區(qu)為單(dan)位，每一(yi)單(dan)位為一(yi)個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點（以市、縣(xian)人民(min)委(wei)員(yuan)會所(suo)在(zai)地的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)為調(diao)查(cha)(cha)對象）。市、縣(xian)人民(min)委(wei)員(yuan)會在(zai)一(yi)地以一(yi)個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點論。要(yao)是調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點加密，分(fen)區(qu)的(de)(de)準確性就可以提高。”

延伸

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話中(zhong)最大的(de)一(yi)片（成(cheng)渝(yu)小(xiao)片）的(de)使用人(ren)口(kou)約1億。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話的(de)語音系統(tong)比較，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話以成(cheng)渝(yu)小(xiao)片（西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話中(zhong)使用地域人(ren)口(kou)最廣）為代表舉列：

1.無(wu)后鼻(bi)音(yin)(yin) ing，eng，普(pu)通話eng結尾的字分別并了(le)到en和ong中(zhong).存(cun)在(zai)的后鼻(bi)音(yin)(yin)：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲(sheng)母(mu)保留(liu) ng-，區別(bie)n- l-（部分地區無n）。

3.大部(bu)分地區聲(sheng)母(mu)無翹舌，只有(you) z c s 保留(liu) [z] [c] [s] 的(de)濁聲(sheng)（有(you)人(ren)說是濁擦聲(sheng)）比(bi)如：側[z]e有(you)些標記成 tse. 西南官話(hua)的(de)r音大部(bu)分讀的(de)也是[z]（湖北部(bu)分區域(yu)是[?]或零聲(sheng)母(mu)）但是r在(zai)結(jie)尾(wei)的(de)時候讀的(de)是l（舌頂口腔頂部(bu)不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾并(bing)未完全在西南官話中合并(bing).部分字依然感覺的到(dao)-m結尾。比如：痕hen感gam

西南官(guan)話(hua)有自(zi)己的一些語法結(jie)構(gou)，大多在明朝的白(bai)話(hua)書籍中(zhong)能(neng)找到出(chu)處(chu)。比如："飯(fan)吃(chi)了著(zhu)"這個(ge)結(jie)構(gou)是(shi)明朝白(bai)話(hua)中(zhong)常(chang)見的但不(bu)見于(yu)現(xian)代白(bai)話(hua)中(zhong)了其中(zhong)"著(zhu)"字讀do而福州話(hua)中(zhong)還有見的到同樣的結(jie)構(gou)他們(men)用"著(zhu)無"讀 do mo.

西南(nan)官話部(bu)分字的讀音(yin)(yin)非常古老(lao).有上古的遺音(yin)(yin).比如"蹲"西南(nan)官話用(yong)"居"讀gu或ku，這個就是(shi)居字的古音(yin)(yin)。

分布

西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)是使(shi)用人口(kou)最(zui)多、分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)域面積最(zui)廣的(de)漢(han)語分(fen)支之一(yi)。據統(tong)計(ji)使(shi)用西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)人口(kou)超過(guo)2.7億，占中國全國人口(kou)的(de)五分(fen)之一(yi)，整個官(guan)話(hua)區(qu)人口(kou)的(de)三分(fen)之一(yi)，相當于湘(xiang)語、贛語、粵語、閩(min)語人口(kou)的(de)總和。西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)中最(zui)大的(de)分(fen)區(qu)川黔片和西蜀片的(de)使(shi)用人口(kou)都超過(guo)1.5億。

西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)在中(zhong)國境內主要分(fen)布于西南(nan)(nan)部(bu)的四川、云南(nan)(nan)、貴州(zhou)、重慶的絕大(da)多數(shu)漢語地(di)區(qu)，以及臨近的湖北省(sheng)大(da)部(bu)、湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)西部(bu)、廣(guang)西北部(bu)、陜西省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)、河南(nan)(nan)信陽(yang)也有一些鄉鎮存(cun)在西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)，另在江西、福(fu)建、廣(guang)東(dong)、海南(nan)(nan)、安徽(hui)存(cun)在方言島。鄰近云南(nan)(nan)的緬甸(dian)果敢(gan)、佤邦、泰北也有人使用西南(nan)(nan)官(guan)話(hua)。

《中(zhong)(zhong)國語言地圖集》87版中(zhong)(zhong)將西(xi)南(nan)官話分(fen)為(wei)成渝、灌(guan)(guan)赤、黔(qian)北、昆貴(gui)、滇西(xi)、鄂北、武天(tian)、岑江、黔(qian)東南(nan)、黔(qian)南(nan)、湘南(nan)、桂柳、常鶴(he)等(deng)十二片(pian)。其中(zhong)(zhong)音韻現象復雜(za)的灌(guan)(guan)赤片(pian)又(you)分(fen)為(wei)岷江、仁富、雅棉、麗川四小片(pian)；滇西(xi)片(pian)又(you)分(fen)為(wei)姚理、保潞兩個小片(pian)、昆貴(gui)片(pian)。

根據《中(zhong)國(guo)語言(yan)地圖集》90版，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話可以分(fen)為(wei)川黔(qian)(qian)、湖廣、川西(xi)(xi)(xi)、云南(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)柳(liu)6片(pian)(pian)。其中(zhong)，川黔(qian)(qian)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)成渝、陜南(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)(qian)中(zhong)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)蜀片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)岷(min)赤、雅甘、江(jiang)貢(gong)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；川西(xi)(xi)(xi)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)康藏、涼山2小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)。云南(nan)(nan)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)滇(dian)中(zhong)、滇(dian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)3小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；桂(gui)柳(liu)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)湘南(nan)(nan)、黔(qian)(qian)南(nan)(nan)、桂(gui)北、桂(gui)南(nan)(nan)4小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；湖廣片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)鄂(e)北、鄂(e)中(zhong)、湘西(xi)(xi)(xi)、湘北、懷玉、黔(qian)(qian)東、黎(li)靖7小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)。也(ye)就是(shi)新版西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話分(fen)為(wei)6片(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)數(shu)減少(shao)，小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)增加(jia)。

分區

西(xi)南官(guan)話分布在四川、重慶、貴州、云南、廣西(xi)、湖北、湖南、陜西(xi)、江西(xi)等(deng)9個(ge)(ge)省市，下分6個(ge)(ge)片22個(ge)(ge)小片，544個(ge)(ge)縣市區，使(shi)用人(ren)口約2.7億人(ren)，是官(guan)話方言(yan)里(li)使(shi)用范圍(wei)最廣，使(shi)用人(ren)口最多(duo)的方言(yan)。

片 小片

川黔片 成渝小片 黔中小片 陜南小片

西蜀片(pian) 岷赤小片(pian) 雅甘小片(pian) 江(jiang)貢小片(pian)

川西片 康藏小片 涼山小片 --

云南片(pian)(pian) 滇(dian)中小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 滇(dian)西(xi)小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 滇(dian)南小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)

湖廣(guang)片(pian) 鄂(e)北小(xiao)片(pian) 鄂(e)西小(xiao)片(pian) 鄂(e)中小(xiao)片(pian)

湘(xiang)北小(xiao)片 湘(xiang)西小(xiao)片 懷玉(yu)小(xiao)片

黔東小片 黎靖小片 ---

桂柳片 湘南小(xiao)片 桂北小(xiao)片 黔南小(xiao)片

川黔片

共141個(ge)縣市區，使用(yong)人口約10000萬人。分(fen)為三個(ge)小片。

1.成渝小片

主要分(fen)布在(zai)四(si)川(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)(di)內部(bu)，包括四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)中(zhong)部(bu)東(dong)部(bu)、重慶市絕(jue)大部(bu)分(fen)、貴(gui)州黔西(xi)北地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、云(yun)南(nan)滇東(dong)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，共105個縣市區(qu)(qu)。

四川省：安岳(yue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北川羌族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、達州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大英(ying)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大竹縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣(guang)元市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、華鎣市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、簡陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、劍(jian)閣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)油市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金(jin)堂(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開(kai)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂(le)至縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰(lin)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿(mian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綿(mian)竹市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)充市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、射洪(hong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂(sui)寧市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬源市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、旺蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)區、武勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西充縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣漢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽(yan)亭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳(yue)池(chi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓(zi)潼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市：巴南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北(bei)碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧(bi)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、長壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、城口(kou)縣、大渡(du)口(kou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大足區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊江縣、豐都縣、奉(feng)節(jie)縣、涪陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、江北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、九龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、開(kai)州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁(liang)平區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)岸(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭(peng)水(shui)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣、黔江區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮(rong)昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石柱土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣、銅梁(liang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫山縣、巫溪縣、武隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣、永川區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽(yang)土(tu)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣、渝(yu)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝(yu)中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云陽(yang)縣、忠縣。

貴州省：畢(bi)節市、大方縣(xian)、道真仡佬族(zu)苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、赫章縣(xian)、黃平縣(xian)、江口縣(xian)、金沙縣(xian)、開陽縣(xian)、六(liu)盤水市、 納雍縣(xian)、黔西市、石(shi)阡縣(xian)、水城縣(xian)、松桃苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)、銅(tong)仁市、萬(wan)山區、息烽縣(xian)、修文縣(xian)、織(zhi)金縣(xian)、紫(zi)云苗(miao)(miao)族(zu)布依族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)。

云南省：大關縣、威信縣、彝良縣、永善(shan)縣、鎮雄縣。

2.黔中小片

分布于(yu)貴陽(yang)以西的黔中、黔西北地區(qu)，廣(guang)西還有3個(ge)方(fang)言(yan)點也可畫入黔中小(xiao)片。共20個(ge)縣市(shi)區(qu)。

貴州省：安龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、安順市、冊亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、關嶺布依族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、貴陽市、六枝特(te)區(qu)、盤州市、平壩(ba)區(qu)、普安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、普定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、清(qing)鎮市、晴隆(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、望(wang)謨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、興仁市、興義市、貞豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮寧布依族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

廣西壯族自(zi)治區(qu)：樂業縣、隆林各族自(zi)治縣、凌云縣。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜西(xi)省：漢(han)(han)臺區(qu)、南鄭區(qu)、佛坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、嵐皋縣(xian)(xian)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)強縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、漢(han)(han)陰(yin)縣(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)陜縣(xian)(xian)、石泉(quan)縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)巴縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、紫陽縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)鄉縣(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個縣(xian)市區，使用人(ren)(ren)口約4000萬人(ren)(ren)，分為3個小片。

1.岷赤小片

主要(yao)分布在岷江中(zhong)下游地區和(he)赤(chi)水河(he)流(liu)域，還包括云(yun)南省的(de)3個方言(yan)點(dian)和(he)重慶市的(de)兩個方言(yan)點(dian)，總數為62個縣(xian)市。

四川省(sheng)：長寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都江(jiang)堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)、峨邊彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨眉山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、珙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、古藺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洪雅縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、犍為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、筠連(lian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘(lu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘(lu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、馬邊彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、眉山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、沐川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)溪區(qu)、彭(peng)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭(peng)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、郫都區(qu)、屏山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒲江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青神縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邛崍(lai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、什邡市(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙流區(qu)、松潘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、汶川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新(xin)津區(qu)、興(xing)文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、敘(xu)永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)、敘(xu)州(zhou)區(qu)、滎經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市：江(jiang)津區、綦江(jiang)區

貴州省(sheng)：赤水市、德江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)、鳳(feng)岡縣(xian)(xian)、湄潭縣(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷市、思南縣(xian)(xian)、綏陽縣(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)、甕安縣(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)仡佬族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、習水縣(xian)(xian)、沿河土家(jia)族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、印江(jiang)土家(jia)族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、余慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)、遵義(yi)市、播州區。

云南省：水富市(shi)、綏江縣、鹽津(jin)縣。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四川省：寶(bao)興縣(xian)、丹棱縣(xian)、甘洛(luo)縣(xian)、漢源縣(xian)、夾江縣(xian)、蘆山縣(xian)、瀘定縣(xian)、名山區、石棉縣(xian)、天全(quan)縣(xian)、雅安市、冕(mian)寧縣(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四(si)川省(sheng)：富順縣、井研縣、隆昌(chang)市、內(nei)江市、仁壽縣、榮(rong)縣、威遠縣、自貢市。

川西片

共(gong)43個市縣(xian)，使(shi)用人口(kou)約600萬人。本片(pian)分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)西部的涼山、甘孜、阿壩(ba)等3個少數民族(zu)自治州(zhou)，還包括攀枝花(hua)市的一(yi)區(qu)兩縣(xian)。分(fen)為兩個小片(pian)。

1.康藏小片

本小片的兩南官話(hua)主(zhu)要受藏(zang)語或羌語影響，分布(bu)于(yu)四川的甘孜和阿壩兩州及(ji)涼(liang)山(shan)州的木里(li)藏(zang)族自治縣(xian)，包括26個縣(xian)。

四(si)川省：阿壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白(bai)玉(yu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道孚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、得(de)榮(rong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定(ding)市、理塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍(huo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬爾(er)康市、木里(li)藏族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾(er)蓋(gai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、小金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小片西南官(guan)話受彝(yi)語影響(xiang)，分布于涼山州和攀(pan)枝花(hua)市，包(bao)括(kuo)17個縣(xian)市。

四川(chuan)省(sheng)：布拖(tuo)縣、德昌(chang)縣、會東縣、會理市、金陽(yang)縣、雷波縣、美姑縣、米易縣、寧南縣、攀(pan)枝花市、普格(ge)縣、西(xi)昌(chang)市、喜德縣、鹽(yan)邊(bian)縣、鹽(yan)源縣、越(yue)西(xi)縣、昭覺縣。

云南片

共118個(ge)(ge)縣市，使(shi)用人口約4000萬(wan)人。分為3個(ge)(ge)小片。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云(yun)南省：安寧(ning)(ning)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、呈貢區、澄江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、楚雄市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)理(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大(da)姚(yao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨(e)山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富民縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華(hua)坪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會澤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)城哈(ha)(ha)尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)川區、晉寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、昆明市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘西(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸良縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿勸彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)龍(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐臘(la)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)渡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)勒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨江(jiang)哈(ha)(ha)尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟(mou)定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南華(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南澗(jian)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)(ning)蒗彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)(ning)洱(er)哈(ha)(ha)尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧(qiao)家縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲(qu)靖(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、師宗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普(pu)洱(er)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、嵩明縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍(wei)山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新平彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、尋甸回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾濞彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚(yao)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜良縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、元(yuan)江(jiang)哈(ha)(ha)尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元(yuan)謀(mou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾益縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭通市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

貴州省：威寧彝族回族苗族自治縣。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云(yun)(yun)南(nan)省：保山市(shi)(shi)、賓川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、滄(cang)源(yuan)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德欽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洱源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、福(fu)貢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、耿馬傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貢山獨龍族(zu)(zu)怒(nu)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景東彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景谷(gu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘭(lan)坪白族(zu)(zu)普米族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀾(lan)滄(cang)拉祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉龍納西(xi)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梁河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨滄(cang)市(shi)(shi)、龍陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隴川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘水市(shi)(shi)、芒市(shi)(shi)、孟(meng)連(lian)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)拉祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瑞麗市(shi)(shi)、施甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙江拉祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)布朗(lang)族(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、騰沖市(shi)(shi)、維西(xi)傈僳族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)盟佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、香格里拉市(shi)(shi)、盈江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云(yun)(yun)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)康(kang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)沅(yuan)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)拉祜(hu)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云南(nan)省：富寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、個舊(jiu)市(shi)、廣南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、河口瑤(yao)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、建水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金平(ping)苗(miao)族(zu)瑤(yao)族(zu)傣族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開(kai)遠市(shi)、綠(lv)春縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、麻栗坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬關縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒙自市(shi)、屏邊苗(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丘北縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、文山市(shi)、西疇縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、硯山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；

廣西壯族自治(zhi)區：西林縣。

湖廣片

共(gong)85個(ge)縣(xian)市，使(shi)用人口約(yue)5250萬人。可分成8個(ge)小片。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖北省：十堰(yan)市、襄陽市、丹(dan)江口(kou)市、房縣(xian)、谷城縣(xian)、老河口(kou)市、南漳縣(xian)、隨(sui)州(zhou)市、隨(sui)縣(xian)、棗(zao)陽市。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：鄖(yun)西縣、竹山縣、竹溪縣；陜西省(sheng)：白河縣、平利縣。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：巴東縣(xian)(xian)、保康縣(xian)(xian)、長(chang)陽土家(jia)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、當陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、恩施市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、建始縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)陵縣(xian)(xian)、荊門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、荊州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、來鳳縣(xian)(xian)、利川市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、沙洋縣(xian)(xian)、松(song)滋市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、五(wu)峰土家(jia)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、咸豐縣(xian)(xian)、興山縣(xian)(xian)、宣恩縣(xian)(xian)、宜昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遠安縣(xian)(xian)、枝江(jiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐘祥市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、秭歸縣(xian)(xian)、漢川市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、京山縣(xian)(xian)、天門市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、武漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、仙(xian)桃市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；

湖南省：龍山縣(xian)、桑植縣(xian)、張(zhang)家界市。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖(hu)南省：常(chang)德市(shi)、慈利縣(xian)(xian)、漢壽縣(xian)(xian)、津市(shi)市(shi)、澧縣(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)澧縣(xian)(xian)、石(shi)門縣(xian)(xian)、桃源縣(xian)(xian)；

湖北省：鶴峰(feng)縣、石首市、公(gong)安縣、洪湖市。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖南(nan)省：保靖(jing)縣(xian)、鳳凰縣(xian)、古丈(zhang)縣(xian)、花垣縣(xian)、吉首市、麻陽(yang)苗族自治縣(xian)、永順縣(xian)、沅(yuan)陵(ling)縣(xian)；

另：邵陽(yang)市區、邵東(dong)縣、新(xin)邵縣、邵陽(yang)縣和新(xin)寧縣話雖屬湘語，但接(jie)近西南官話。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖南省(sheng)：懷化市、新晃侗族(zu)自(zi)治縣、芷江侗族(zu)自(zi)治縣、中方縣、洪江市；

貴州省：玉屏侗族自治(zhi)縣。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴州(zhou)省：岑鞏縣(xian)、從江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)、劍(jian)河縣(xian)、錦屏縣(xian)、榕江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)、施秉縣(xian)、三穗縣(xian)、臺(tai)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)、天(tian)柱縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)遠縣(xian)。

8.黎靖小(xiao)片共3個縣(xian)。

湖南省：靖州(zhou)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自治縣、通(tong)道侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自治縣；貴州(zhou)省：黎平(ping)縣。

桂柳片

共75個縣市，1鎮，使用(yong)人(ren)口約3007萬人(ren)。可(ke)以分為3個小(xiao)片。

1.湘南小片

共14個縣市，1鎮。

湖南省(sheng)：郴州(zhou)市(shi)、道縣(xian)、東(dong)安縣(xian)、桂陽縣(xian)、嘉禾(he)縣(xian)、江(jiang)華瑤族自治縣(xian)、江(jiang)永(yong)縣(xian)、藍山(shan)縣(xian)、臨(lin)武(wu)縣(xian)、寧遠縣(xian)、雙牌縣(xian)、新(xin)田(tian)縣(xian)、宜章縣(xian)、永(yong)州(zhou)市(shi)；

廣東省:韶(shao)關市樂昌市坪石鎮。

2.桂北小片共46個縣。

廣西(xi)壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)：全州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)馬(ma)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百色市(shi)、賓(bin)(bin)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大化(hua)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德保縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安(an)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富川瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭城(cheng)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂(gui)林(lin)市(shi)、合山市(shi)、河池市(shi)、賀州(zhou)市(shi)、環(huan)江毛南族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西(xi)市(shi)、來(lai)賓(bin)(bin)市(shi)、荔浦縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂(gui)區(qu)、靈川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳(liu)州(zhou)市(shi)、龍(long)勝各族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿(lu)寨(zhai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅城(cheng)仫佬族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南丹(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)果市(shi)、平(ping)樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)水(shui)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三江侗(dong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽(yang)朔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州(zhou)區(qu)、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴(gui)州(zhou)省：丹(dan)寨縣(xian)(xian)、都勻市、獨山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、福泉市、貴(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)、凱里市、雷山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、荔波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)、龍里縣(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)、麻(ma)江縣(xian)(xian)、平塘縣(xian)(xian)、三都水族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)；

廣西壯(zhuang)族自治區：天(tian)峨縣。

界線

西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話與中原官話的分(fen)界(jie)線是：淮河上游(you)-桐柏山-南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)/駐馬店市界(jie)-牛頭店-鎮坪北(bei)(bei)(bei)-重慶陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)界(jie)-正陽(yang)(yang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)-花里(li)-嵐皋北(bei)(bei)(bei)-洞(dong)河-紫陽(yang)(yang)東(dong)-漢王(wang)-漢陰西(xi)(xi)(xi)-木王(wang)-鎮安北(bei)(bei)(bei)-石甕-柞(zuo)水(shui)東(dong)-營盤-廣貨街-佛(fo)坪西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)-金水(shui)東(dong)-西(xi)(xi)(xi)鄉北(bei)(bei)(bei)-城固東(dong)-鳳縣南(nan)-勉縣北(bei)(bei)(bei)-略(lve)陽(yang)(yang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)-陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)界(jie)-陽(yang)(yang)平關-甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)文縣碧口鎮以北(bei)(bei)(bei)-高川(chuan)(chuan)-五里(li)壩-楊家河-大通(tong)江與陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)界(jie)交叉處-陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)界(jie)-四川(chuan)(chuan)甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)界(jie)。

《中(zhong)國(guo)語言地圖集(ji)》把陜南(nan)的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)全部(bu)歸入(ru)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)。但(dan)陜南(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)片(pian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)存在(zai)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)差異。東(dong)部(bu)安康地區的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)鄂北小片(pian)相似(si)且有共同的(de)(de)歷史(shi)來源，西(xi)(xi)部(bu)漢中(zhong)地區的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)與西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)成都片(pian)相似(si)且有共同的(de)(de)歷史(shi)來源。依照(zhao)方(fang)言特點和(he)歷史(shi)來源，陜南(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)片(pian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)宜分別歸屬西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)武天片(pian)和(he)成渝(yu)片(pian)。

漢陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)：漢陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)區，位于南北方(fang)言過渡帶，處于西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)、江(jiang)淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)三大官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)區交界處，具有明顯的(de)方(fang)言融合(he)特征，漢陰(yin)(yin)人的(de)移民主(zhu)體為湖(hu)南人，其次是湖(hu)北人、河南人、廣(guang)東人等，因此在發音和詞(ci)匯方(fang)面，有大量的(de)湘語詞(ci)匯和部分粵語詞(ci)匯，相對(dui)于鄰縣石泉縣，漢陰(yin)(yin)縣受四(si)川影響較石泉縣小，反之受湖(hu)北湖(hu)南影響較大，因此漢陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)哪個(ge)片的(de)問題(ti)很有爭議(yi)。

關于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，有(you)三(san)四種說(shuo)法，分兩派，一(yi)派認(ren)(ren)為(wei)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)中原官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)秦隴片(pian)(pian)，一(yi)派認(ren)(ren)為(wei)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但(dan)這一(yi)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)哪(na)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)有(you)爭議，主流認(ren)(ren)為(wei)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成渝小片(pian)(pian)，但(dan)是由于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)石(shi)泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)明顯區別（在方(fang)言詞匯(hui)(hui)和(he)調值上，詞匯(hui)(hui)上和(he)湖南湖北交界的(de)荊(jing)州常德方(fang)言類似），石(shi)泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是典型的(de)成渝小片(pian)(pian)，而漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)受(shou)湖北湖南影(ying)響較大，所以有(you)人認(ren)(ren)為(wei)漢(han)陰(yin)(yin)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)武天(tian)片(pian)(pian)或者常鶴片(pian)(pian)，直(zhi)到新版方(fang)言集出版尚未有(you)定論。

生存危機

雖然說西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)被公(gong)認為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國方言較為(wei)(wei)強(qiang)勢(shi)的地區(qu)，但事實上由于“推廣(guang)普通話(hua)”政策，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的生(sheng)存環境(jing)正受到普通話(hua)的強(qiang)烈沖擊(ji)，有學(xue)者認為(wei)(wei)長(chang)期(qi)以往，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)長(chang)遠甚至有完全(quan)被普通話(hua)取(qu)代的可能(neng)。

一方(fang)(fang)面，以(yi)成都(dou)(dou)貴(gui)陽(yang)為首的(de)西(xi)南大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)方(fang)(fang)言大有被普通(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨勢，由于推廣普通(tong)話，大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)10后小孩很(hen)多已經不會講(jiang)本地方(fang)(fang)言；加上(shang)很(hen)多80后和90后年輕家長(chang)對方(fang)(fang)言的(de)消極(ji)態(tai)度，從(cong)而導(dao)致(zhi)成都(dou)(dou)貴(gui)陽(yang)等大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)方(fang)(fang)言的(de)逐漸式微。除此(ci)以(yi)外，昆明市(shi)區(qu)的(de)方(fang)(fang)言狀(zhuang)況(kuang)也不容樂觀，但(dan)由于使用人數(shu)偏少(shao)，因(yin)此(ci)貴(gui)陽(yang)和昆明比成都(dou)(dou)和重慶市(shi)區(qu)方(fang)(fang)言狀(zhuang)況(kuang)更(geng)糟糕，也大有被普通(tong)話取(qu)代的(de)趨勢。

另一方面，西南(nan)官話外圍地區的方言(yan)被普通話取代的趨(qu)勢也非(fei)常明(ming)顯。具體表現如下：

①陜西漢中(zhong)主體方言原先本(ben)來(lai)屬(shu)于西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)，但(dan)由于屬(shu)于陜西省，與西安(an)聯系更密切，再加上西安(an)普通(tong)話(hua)普及率比川(chuan)渝地(di)區高(gao)，被普通(tong)話(hua)和(he)中(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)大(da)量替換；如今在(zai)漢中(zhong)，西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)逐步淪落為小眾(zhong)方言，漢中(zhong)年輕人里面如今會講西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)大(da)幅度減少(shao)，更多的(de)都是講中(zhong)原官(guan)話(hua)和(he)普通(tong)話(hua)。未(wei)來(lai)20年內，西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)很(hen)有可能會在(zai)漢中(zhong)被完全邊緣化。

②廣(guang)西(xi)桂(gui)柳話也(ye)屬于西(xi)南官話，十(shi)年前都(dou)還是廣(guang)西(xi)最強勢的方(fang)言(yan)，但由于受到首府南寧和強制推普的影(ying)響，也(ye)逐漸步入(ru)南寧白話的后塵，被(bei)普通話大量取代。

③湖北(bei)武漢話(hua)也(ye)屬(shu)于西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)，但(dan)由于政治地位的原(yuan)(yuan)因，逐步被普通話(hua)代(dai)替；西南官(guan)(guan)話(hua)湖廣片的鄂北(bei)小片也(ye)正(zheng)逐步被中原(yuan)(yuan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)同(tong)化甚至取代(dai)

④湖北宜昌話(hua)(hua)也屬于西南官話(hua)(hua)，但(dan)由于受到(dao)武漢的影響，被普通(tong)話(hua)(hua)取代的趨勢尤其明顯。

⑤湘西懷化也(ye)說西南官話，但(dan)隨(sui)著普通話的推廣逐步(bu)消亡(wang)。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自貢話(hua)、懷德話(hua)、富順話(hua)。