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西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話，因主要流行于(yu)(yu)長(chang)江上游地區，亦稱上江官(guan)話，屬于(yu)(yu)現代漢語(yu)官(guan)話方言。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話下分6片、22小片，分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)四川、重慶、貴州、云南(nan)、湖北、廣西(xi)、湖南(nan)、陜(shan)西(xi)、江西(xi)、甘肅、廣東、海南(nan)、福(fu)建共15省(sheng)市自治區、600多縣市區以及東南(nan)亞的(de)少部分地區。

主要(yao)分布于四川、重慶、貴州、云南、湖北、廣西、湖南七省和直轄(xia)市。

《中國語言地圖集》里給出的西南官話的定(ding)義是：西南地區以(yi)及附近(jin)的，入聲(sheng)整體歸派到某(mou)一(yi)聲(sheng)調或者(zhe)四(si)聲(sheng)調值與成都、武漢、重慶、常(chang)德、貴陽、昆明、桂(gui)林相(xiang)近(jin)的漢語方言。

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)是從明朝開始(shi)，因移民西(xi)南(nan)地區(qu)而逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)方(fang)言(yan)，其語音(yin)系統(tong)在官(guan)話(hua)(hua)中也是最簡單(dan)的(de)，除了濁(zhuo)音(yin)清(qing)化等官(guan)話(hua)(hua)的(de)共同特點外，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)多數不(bu)分(fen)平、翹舌音(yin)，是一(yi)種帶有過渡性質的(de)南(nan)方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)。

西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)的使用(yong)人數多達2.7億，是官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方言中使用(yong)范圍(wei)最廣、使用(yong)人口最多的方言，一般史者(zhe)研(yan)究(jiu)認為西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)是江淮(huai)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)的延伸，二(er)者(zhe)有淵(yuan)源關系(xi)，并同(tong)屬南(nan)(nan)方系(xi)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)，因(yin)為西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)的形(xing)成根據歷史研(yan)究(jiu)表明，是從明代(dai)開始，因(yin)移民西(xi)南(nan)(nan)而逐漸形(xing)成的官話(hua)(hua)(hua)方言，移民是西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)形(xing)成的主要(yao)因(yin)素。

西南官(guan)話的形成與(yu)元朝(chao)(chao)之后進入中國(guo)西南地區的移民具有很(hen)大關聯，成渝片四川話與(yu)湖廣片武漢話音系產(chan)生分化的年(nian)代都至少可以上(shang)溯至明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)，因(yin)而西南官(guan)話的形成年(nian)代應當更早。

同時(shi)有學者認為其(qi)可(ke)能與另(ling)一種南方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)（江淮官(guan)話(hua)）同源。西南官(guan)話(hua)在詞匯、音(yin)韻等方(fang)面與北(bei)方(fang)官(guan)話(hua)相比都具有顯著差異。部(bu)分(fen)方(fang)言：福善(shan)巖上(shang)土話(hua)。

發展歷史

西(xi)南官話是從明代開始(shi)，因移(yi)民西(xi)南而逐漸形成的(de)官話方言，移(yi)民是西(xi)南官話形成的(de)主要因素。一般認(ren)為西(xi)南官話是江(jiang)淮官話的(de)延伸，二者有淵源(yuan)關系(xi)，并同屬南方系(xi)官話，但學(xue)界對(dui)此說法持謹慎觀點。

漢族(zu)移民西(xi)南(nan)，四(si)(si)川(chuan)屬較(jiao)早(zao)的地(di)區之一。四(si)(si)川(chuan)古為(wei)巴蜀之地(di)，土地(di)肥沃，地(di)理(li)偏安，漢族(zu)最早(zao)在秦統一巴蜀之后(hou)（約公元前301年(nian)）就已遷(qian)入(ru)(ru)此地(di)。從秦至宋歷代(dai)，均有漢人因躲避戰亂、天(tian)災而遷(qian)入(ru)(ru)四(si)(si)川(chuan)。如唐末黃巢起義。漢族(zu)遷(qian)入(ru)(ru)四(si)(si)川(chuan)的線路(lu)主(zhu)要是越過秦嶺移進，故移民的主(zhu)體為(wei)中原漢人（以甘陜為(wei)主(zhu)），當(dang)時的西(xi)南(nan)方(fang)言以北方(fang)官話為(wei)主(zhu)。

明清是漢族大規模移(yi)民西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)的重要(yao)時(shi)期，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話在這(zhe)段時(shi)期中(zhong)，通過方言間(jian)的不(bu)斷影(ying)響(xiang)、融合而(er)逐步形成。元末明初，湖(hu)廣(guang)一(yi)帶是元朝軍隊與紅巾軍、朱元璋廝殺(sha)拉鋸的主戰場之一(yi)，戰亂使得當地人口急劇減少(shao)，造(zao)成人口從西(xi)(xi)(xi)北到東南(nan)呈(cheng)由稀變密(mi)的狀態。因故，明洪(hong)武間(jian)，出(chu)現了“江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)填湖(hu)廣(guang)”和第一(yi)次“湖(hu)廣(guang)填四川”的移(yi)民大潮，同時(shi)在滇黔、桂北一(yi)帶廣(guang)設衛(wei)所，遷入大量(liang)移(yi)民。

明(ming)代(dai)大移(yi)民(min)，徹底改變了原來西南(nan)地區(qu)以(yi)少數(shu)民(min)族(zu)為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)結(jie)構，遲(chi)至明(ming)末，漢族(zu)已在西南(nan)地區(qu)的(de)民(min)族(zu)結(jie)構中(zhong)占據絕對優勢。明(ming)代(dai)移(yi)民(min)西南(nan)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)方式是(shi)由(you)衛(wei)所軍士(shi)及其家眷組成的(de)軍事移(yi)民(min)，其來源主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)江南(nan)、湖廣、江西等地。

明代西(xi)(xi)南(nan)地區的韻書記錄(lu)，證明西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話在當時已經成型。漢(han)族早期(qi)移(yi)民西(xi)(xi)南(nan)，因來源多樣，呈現(xian)出“五方雜處，言語(yu)各異”的局面。

為了(le)解決(jue)“正音”問(wen)題，當(dang)地(di)出現了(le)一些用官(guan)話“正音”的韻書，如蘭(lan)茂《韻略易(yi)通》、葛(ge)中選《泰律篇(pian)》等。

明(ming)代西南地(di)區出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)韻書(shu)和辭書(shu)，大體屬于(yu)官話系統(tong)(tong)，其音系均體現(xian)出一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)域方(fang)音特(te)點。而這些地(di)域方(fang)音特(te)點的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)出現(xian)，標志著西南官話基(ji)本形成。明(ming)正統(tong)(tong)年(nian)間的(de)(de)(de)《韻略易通(tong)(tong)》反映了通(tong)(tong)行于(yu)西南的(de)(de)(de)讀書(shu)音已與官話有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)差異，以及當(dang)時(shi)西南地(di)域性通(tong)(tong)語方(fang)音的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本存在概(gai)況。

根據《讀(du)書(shu)通(tong)·五聲(sheng)譜》記(ji)錄說明，當(dang)時(shi)川滇鄂(e)等地的(de)方(fang)言中入(ru)聲(sheng)亦然(ran)失去塞音韻(yun)尾。足以印證今(jin)西南官話(hua)中“入(ru)聲(sheng)調(diao)合為一類，入(ru)聲(sheng)韻(yun)不(bu)帶塞音韻(yun)尾，去聲(sheng)調(diao)不(bu)分(fen)陰陽”的(de)區域(yu)性語(yu)音特點，在明末(mo)已經(jing)形(xing)成。

清(qing)代西(xi)南的(de)移(yi)民(min)(min)，除“湖廣填四(si)川(chuan)”的(de)外部(bu)人口遷入，內部(bu)主要體現為區域擴散(san)式移(yi)民(min)(min)。明(ming)末清(qing)初，起義不停，天(tian)災(zai)頻頻，戰亂(luan)不斷，造成(cheng)四(si)川(chuan)人口銳(rui)減。清(qing)順治、康熙(xi)年(nian)間又開始大量向四(si)川(chuan)移(yi)民(min)(min)，清(qing)代四(si)川(chuan)移(yi)民(min)(min)的(de)來源同(tong)明(ming)代一樣，以湖廣為主，占移(yi)民(min)(min)總(zong)數一半以上。

清代改土歸流完成后(hou)，漢人開始(shi)進入以(yi)前由少數民族控制的區(qu)域。乾隆中(zhong)期以(yi)后(hou)，四川(chuan)人口(kou)開始(shi)向周邊地(di)區(qu)遷移。一部分已遷入省內的邊遠(yuan)山區(qu)。

清代的(de)移(yi)民由明(ming)代沿交通要(yao)道(dao)的(de)點、線狀分布(bu)，發展為大量向(xiang)邊遠山區(qu)(qu)和少(shao)民聚居區(qu)(qu)流動的(de)片、面分布(bu)。西南官話隨著內部擴(kuo)散(san)式移(yi)民而不斷(duan)整合擴(kuo)張，形成(cheng)了內聚力較(jiao)強的(de)區(qu)(qu)域性語言集團，往后一直(zhi)以(yi)其(qi)簡潔(jie)的(de)音系優勢，隨人口(kou)的(de)外移(yi)而不斷(duan)向(xiang)外擴(kuo)張。

從清朝到20世(shi)紀(ji)上半(ban)葉，入聲歸(gui)讀陽平的特點在西(xi)南(nan)官話較多的方言區內得以(yi)呈現。清末，根據(ju)傳教士對成都和漢口(kou)兩地的語音記錄資料顯示，當(dang)時的西(xi)南(nan)官話仍(reng)存有入聲調。

20世紀三四(si)(si)十年代，楊時逢、趙(zhao)元任等(deng)組(zu)織調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)了(le)川、黔、湘(xiang)、鄂(e)的漢語方(fang)言(yan)，并撰寫出《四(si)(si)川方(fang)言(yan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)報告》《云方(fang)言(yan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)報告》《湖南方(fang)言(yan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)報告》和(he)《湖北方(fang)言(yan)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)報告》。報告顯示，不僅(jin)武漢、成都(dou)的入聲調(diao)(diao)已(yi)歸(gui)(gui)陽平，連同昆(kun)明、貴陽、桂林(lin)等(deng)，西(xi)南官話近五分之四(si)(si)的方(fang)言(yan)點的入聲均已(yi)歸(gui)(gui)讀陽平調(diao)(diao)。

入(ru)聲讀陽平在西南官話中的(de)演變，是(shi)非常晚近（20世紀及其以后）且為短(duan)時期內的(de)共時語音演變現(xian)象，有些方言點仍處于這一演變進程中。

特點介紹

西南官(guan)話中(zhong)(zhong)最大片區的(de)(de)使(shi)用人口約為1億。其語(yu)音系統在官(guan)話中(zhong)(zhong)也是最簡單的(de)(de)，除了濁(zhuo)音清化、從(cong)g k h / z c s中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)化出(chu) j q x、-m韻(yun)尾(wei)派入(ru)-n或(huo)-ng、無尖團(tuan)對(dui)立(li)等官(guan)話的(de)(de)共(gong)同(tong)特(te)點外(wai)，西南官(guan)話有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)分(fen)平(ping)(ping)、翹(qiao)舌(she)音（有(you)(you)的(de)(de)地區僅將中(zhong)(zhong)古漢語(yu)發(fa)音為zi-、ci-、si-的(de)(de)入(ru)聲字讀(du)作翹(qiao)舌(she)；也有(you)(you)極少數地區如北京話般嚴格區分(fen)平(ping)(ping)翹(qiao)舌(she)音），還有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)分(fen)fu和(he)hu（甚至(zhi)f與hu顛(dian)倒），部分(fen)不(bu)(bu)分(fen)n和(he)l（大多有(you)(you)n、l對(dui)立(li)），同(tong)時不(bu)(bu)分(fen)ing和(he)in、eng和(he)en（b、p、m、f后的(de)(de)eng讀(du)ong）。

多數入聲字(zi)派入陽平，分類簡單，不似北京官話的(de)(de)入派三(san)聲復雜而混(hun)亂，但是有(you)(you)的(de)(de)片保留(liu)入聲（但多為特殊調(diao)值，并無塞(sai)音(yin)韻尾(wei)）或者派入其(qi)他(ta)調(diao)類。西南官話和湘語(yu)(yu)、客家(jia)話、粵(yue)語(yu)(yu)、贛語(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)不少(shao)相似之處（比如保留(liu)了大(da)部分ng聲母，川(chuan)東話有(you)(you)很多粵(yue)方(fang)(fang)言獨有(you)(you)的(de)(de)讀字(zi)法，如“解(jie)”、“六(liu)”等數百字(zi)），是一種(zhong)帶(dai)有(you)(you)過渡性質的(de)(de)南方(fang)(fang)官話。

聲調

西(xi)南官(guan)話古(gu)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)未(wei)發生(sheng)分化，整體(ti)保留或整體(ti)混入(ru)它調（主要混入(ru)陽平）。例如四川話中，入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整體(ti)混入(ru)陽平；岷(min)江小(xiao)片中整體(ti)保留了入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)，部分地區甚至還保留塞音韻尾；仁富小(xiao)片入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整體(ti)派(pai)入(ru)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)；雅棉小(xiao)片入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)整體(ti)派(pai)入(ru)陰平。

在(zai)湖廣片中，不乏去聲分(fen)(fen)陰陽的次方(fang)言，同時(shi)也有(you)少部分(fen)(fen)入(ru)聲分(fen)(fen)陰陽者(zhe)。例如湖南北部的津市(shi)，其方(fang)言中古全濁入(ru)歸(gui)陽入(ru)，其余歸(gui)陰入(ru)。

西南官話聲(sheng)調調值大致(zhi)可分(fen)為10個類型(xing)(xing)，各(ge)類型(xing)(xing)之間差異顯著。其中分(fen)布最(zui)廣的一種(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)（陰平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)高調，陽平(ping)是(shi)最(zui)低調，上聲(sheng)是(shi)次(ci)高降(jiang)調，去聲(sheng)是(shi)低降(jiang)升調），即四川(chuan)話聲(sheng)調類型(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)要流行于四川(chuan)/重慶一帶(dai)以(yi)及毗鄰的貴州北部。這種(zhong)聲(sheng)調類型(xing)(xing)內部一致(zhi)性很(hen)高，是(shi)西南官話最(zui)具代(dai)表性的聲(sheng)調類型(xing)(xing)。

川黔型

成渝亞型 55 21 42 213 陽平 四川盆地大部、貴州北(bei)部

瀘州(zhou)亞型(xing) 55 21 42 13 33 四川盆(pen)地東南部

瀘定亞型 55 21 53 24 陰平 川(chuan)西西部雅安一帶

自貢(gong)亞型(xing) 55 21 42 213 去(qu)聲 川中沱江(jiang)下游一帶(dai)

貴(gui)陽亞型(xing) 45 21 43 24 陽平(ping) 貴(gui)州中部(bu)和西部(bu)

漢中亞型 55 21 24 212 濁入陽平(ping);清入/次濁入歸陰(yin)平(ping)或陽平(ping) 陜西西南部，甘肅隴南局地

云南型

昆明亞型 44 31 53 212 陽平(ping) 云南中部

個(ge)舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平 云南(nan)南(nan)部

保(bao)山亞型 32 44 53 25 陽(yang)平 云南(nan)西部

湖廣型

武漢亞型 55 213 42 35 陽(yang)平 湖北中西部

石(shi)首(shou)亞型 45 13 41 陰214/陽33 陰25/陽入(ru)歸陽去 湖北(bei)南部(bu)

漢壽亞型 55 213 42 陰35/陽33 55 湖南西北部

澧州亞型 55 13 21 陰(yin)213/陽(yang)(yang)33 陰(yin)35/陽(yang)(yang)入歸(gui)陽(yang)(yang)去 湖南北(bei)部（常(chang)德）

桃源亞型 44 23 21 陰(yin)213/陽33 55 湖南(nan)北部（常德）

黎平亞型(xing) 33 13 31 53 陽平(黎平有入聲調(diao)) 湘(xiang)黔(qian)界

襄(xiang)陽(yang)-北(bei)官型(xing) 35 52 55 21 陽(yang)平(ping)（少(shao)數(shu)清(qing)入歸(gui)陰平(ping)） 湖北(bei)北(bei)部

桂柳型

桂(gui)林(lin)亞型 33 21 55 35 陽平 廣西北(bei)部

永州亞型(xing) 33 23 55 陽(yang)23/陰(yin)214 陽(yang)平(ping) 永州

欽州(zhou)亞型 35 21 44 13 陰13/陽(yang)5 欽州(zhou)城區

邕(yong)州官話 35 31 54 13 大(da)部分歸陽平(ping)；陰5/陽2 南寧局(ju)地

軍話與未分片

八所亞型 33 31 51 55 11 東方(fang)市(shi)和昌江市(shi)郊(jiao)區(qu)

贛州亞型(xing) 33 31 53 13 5 贛州城關

信豐(feng)亞(ya)型 33 53 31 13 陽平 信豐(feng)城關

考量入聲

凡普(pu)通話讀陰平(ping)、上(shang)、去，而在西(xi)南官話入(ru)派陽平(ping)的字大多是古入(ru)聲字（例外字：玉）。

凡不(bu)送氣的陽平(ping)字(zi)是(shi)古代入聲字(zi)。多數鼻音韻(yun)尾（陽聲韻(yun)）字(zi)都不(bu)是(shi)古代入聲字(zi)。

凡?r音節的字(zi)(zi)(zi)不是古代入聲字(zi)(zi)(zi)。凡uai、uei韻母的字(zi)(zi)(zi)不是古入聲字(zi)(zi)(zi)（例外字(zi)(zi)(zi)：蟀）。

除靴瘸以外的y?韻(yun)母字是古代入聲字。

凡普通話(hua)有(you)元音韻尾而西南官話(hua)沒有(you)的字(zi)是古代入聲字(zi)。

除了西蜀片的樂山話(hua)的瘸和德江話(hua)的祛白讀(du)韻母(mu)為io，凡方言中的io韻母(mu)字(zi)都是古代入聲字(zi)。

韻母

①以川黔片(pian)-重慶話為例

開尾 元音尾 鼻音尾

開口呼 ?　日(ri) ? a o　我 e　黑 ai　街 ei　批 au　包 ?u　走(zou) an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝

二大

齊(qi)齒(chi)呼 i　一 ia　牙 ie　葉 iai　介 iau　標(biao) i?u　九 ian　變 in　兵 ia?　量(liang)

合口呼 u　五 ua　瓜 ue　國(guo) uai　乖 uei　類(lei) uan　段 u?n　春(chun) ua?　光

撮口呼 y　魚 yo　藥 ye　絕 yu　俗(su) yan　鮮(xian) yn　泳 yo?　蓉

②以湖廣片-武漢話為例(li)

開口呼 齊齒呼 合口呼 撮口呼 備注

? 子此十支是 i 一比力(li)七氣 u 五(wu)不(bu)附戶古(gu) y 女于(yu)入主出(chu) ?二日k??去(白(bai)讀)

ɑ 八(ba)大乍(zha)下撒 iɑ 牙甲恰(qia)家瞎 uɑ 話瓦(wa)瓜化刷 ?ya 靴(白讀)

o 窩末多(duo)左合 io 約若虐學削

? 北得克(ke)蛇革 ie 也別劣邪絕 u? 說(shuo)國虢或獲 ye 月(yue)決(jue)掘缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣”開合(he)不定

ai 艾(ai)拜乃在介 uai 外(wai)怪快拐衰

ei 貝杯(bei)最(zui)披內 uei 瑰未(wei)吹銳回 “最(zui)”“脆(cui)”“歲”開合不定

ɑu 奧包刀少早 iɑu 巧妖(yao)了小苗(miao)

ou 歐口杜六竹 iou 又牛九囚秀

an 南安(an)凡旦短(duan) ien 言片(pian)天千(qian)偏(pian) uan 丸(wan)船官款歡 yen 鉛沿倦玄軟 “全”“癬”“縣”開合不定(ding)

?n 恩(en)硬崩吞存 in 印民丁巾心 u?n 文坤昏橫(heng)混 y?n 春允永均唇 “傾”“尋”“旬”開合不定

ɑ? 湯方上巷郎 iɑ? 仰兩江(jiang)香羊 uɑ? 王旺窗光(guang)狂(kuang)

o? 翁中孟木工 io? 榮茸(rong)窮兄雄(xiong) 開(kai)合不定者多表現為“武合漢開(kai)”

③以桂(gui)柳片(pian)-桂(gui)林話為例

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲 i /i/ 衣 u /u/ 烏(wu) ü /y/ 迂(yu)

a /a/ 啊 ia /ia/ 呀 ua /ua/ 蛙

o /o/ 哦 io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃 ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸 ui /u?i/ 威

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐 iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉

an/?/安 ian /i?/ 煙 uan /u?/ 彎 üan /y?/ 冤

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因(yin) un /un/ 溫(wen) ün /yn/ 暈

ang/ɑ?/昂 iang /iɑ?/ 央 uang /uɑ?/ 汪

ong/o?/翁 iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母（含(han)各(ge)呼）的韻尾極其微(wei)弱(ruo)，有脫落趨勢。2.ê屬舊讀，下有兒、而、爾(er)、耳、二等字。

典(dian)型的西南官話(hua)具(ju)有陰平(ping)、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四(si)(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)五調甚至有六調的區(qu)域，古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舒(shu)化成渝片等(deng)片派(pai)入(ru)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)，岷江(jiang)仁富小片派(pai)入(ru)去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).根據1939年的民(min)國調查西南官話(hua)有單獨的入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調.則也認定為(wei)西南官話(hua)。西南官話(hua)四(si)(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)典(dian)型的調值如下（以(yi)四(si)(si)川話(hua)為(wei)例）：陰平(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)212、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)214、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)21.舒(shu)化后出現陰平(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)211、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.或陰平(ping)55、陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)212、上聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.

從建國后逐漸出現入聲被歸陽(yang)平學術專家占據言(yan)論上(shang)風。李榮發表在(zai)《方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)》1985年第1期的(de)(de)(de)《官話方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)分區》里(li)說得很(hen)明白(bai)，也(ye)很(hen)直接。他說：“討論方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)分區，根據五十年代方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)普查的(de)(de)(de)結果，和以(yi)前的(de)(de)(de)研究，新近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)查。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)普查分省區安(an)排工(gong)作。調(diao)(diao)查以(yi)市、縣(xian)或相當于縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)行政區為單位，每一(yi)(yi)單位為一(yi)(yi)個(ge)調(diao)(diao)查點(dian)（以(yi)市、縣(xian)人(ren)民委員會(hui)所在(zai)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)言(yan)為調(diao)(diao)查對象）。市、縣(xian)人(ren)民委員會(hui)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)地(di)以(yi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)調(diao)(diao)查點(dian)論。要是調(diao)(diao)查點(dian)加密，分區的(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性就可以(yi)提高。”

延伸

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話中最大的(de)一片（成(cheng)渝小片）的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人口(kou)約(yue)1億。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話的(de)語音(yin)系(xi)統比較，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話以成(cheng)渝小片（西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話中使(shi)(shi)用(yong)地域人口(kou)最廣(guang)）為代表舉(ju)列：

1.無后鼻(bi)音 ing，eng，普(pu)通話eng結尾的字分(fen)別并了(le)到en和ong中.存在的后鼻(bi)音：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲母保留 ng-，區(qu)(qu)別n- l-（部分地區(qu)(qu)無n）。

3.大部(bu)分地區(qu)聲(sheng)母無翹舌，只有 z c s 保留(liu) [z] [c] [s] 的(de)濁聲(sheng)（有人說是濁擦(ca)聲(sheng)）比(bi)如(ru)：側[z]e有些標記成(cheng) tse. 西(xi)南官話(hua)的(de)r音大部(bu)分讀(du)的(de)也是[z]（湖北部(bu)分區(qu)域(yu)是[?]或零聲(sheng)母）但是r在結(jie)尾的(de)時候讀(du)的(de)是l（舌頂口(kou)腔頂部(bu)不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾(wei)(wei)并未完全在(zai)西南官話中合并.部分字(zi)依(yi)然感覺的到-m結尾(wei)(wei)。比(bi)如：痕hen感gam

西南官話(hua)有自己的(de)(de)一些(xie)語法結構(gou)，大(da)多在明朝的(de)(de)白話(hua)書籍中(zhong)(zhong)能找到出處。比如："飯吃了(le)著(zhu)"這個結構(gou)是明朝白話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)常見的(de)(de)但(dan)不見于現(xian)代(dai)白話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)了(le)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)"著(zhu)"字讀(du)do而福州話(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)還有見的(de)(de)到同樣(yang)的(de)(de)結構(gou)他們用"著(zhu)無(wu)"讀(du) do mo.

西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)部分字的(de)讀音非(fei)常古(gu)老.有上古(gu)的(de)遺音.比(bi)如"蹲"西(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)用"居(ju)"讀gu或ku，這(zhe)個就是居(ju)字的(de)古(gu)音。

分布

西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)是使用(yong)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)最多、分布(bu)區域(yu)面積最廣的(de)(de)(de)漢語分支(zhi)之一(yi)(yi)。據(ju)統計使用(yong)西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)超(chao)過2.7億(yi)，占中國全國人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)五分之一(yi)(yi)，整(zheng)個官(guan)話(hua)區人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)三分之一(yi)(yi)，相當(dang)于湘語、贛語、粵語、閩語人(ren)口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)總和。西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)中最大的(de)(de)(de)分區川黔片和西(xi)(xi)蜀片的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)人(ren)口(kou)(kou)都超(chao)過1.5億(yi)。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)在中國境內(nei)主要分布于西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部(bu)的四川、云南(nan)、貴州、重(zhong)慶的絕大(da)多數漢(han)語地區，以及臨近的湖北省大(da)部(bu)、湖南(nan)省西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北部(bu)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省南(nan)部(bu)、河南(nan)信陽也(ye)有一(yi)些鄉鎮存在西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)，另在江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、福建、廣(guang)東(dong)、海南(nan)、安徽存在方言島。鄰近云南(nan)的緬甸果(guo)敢、佤邦、泰(tai)北也(ye)有人(ren)使用西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)。

《中(zhong)(zhong)國語(yu)言地圖集》87版中(zhong)(zhong)將西(xi)南官話(hua)分(fen)為成渝、灌赤、黔北、昆貴、滇西(xi)、鄂北、武天、岑江、黔東南、黔南、湘南、桂柳、常(chang)鶴等十二片(pian)。其中(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)韻(yun)現(xian)象復雜的灌赤片(pian)又(you)分(fen)為岷江、仁(ren)富、雅棉、麗川四小(xiao)片(pian)；滇西(xi)片(pian)又(you)分(fen)為姚理、保潞(lu)兩個小(xiao)片(pian)、昆貴片(pian)。

根據(ju)《中(zhong)(zhong)國語言地(di)圖集》90版，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話可以分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)川(chuan)黔、湖廣(guang)、川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)、云南(nan)、桂柳(liu)(liu)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，川(chuan)黔片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)成渝(yu)、陜南(nan)、黔中(zhong)(zhong)3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；西(xi)(xi)蜀片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)岷(min)赤(chi)、雅(ya)甘、江貢3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)康藏、涼(liang)山2小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。云南(nan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)滇(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)、滇(dian)西(xi)(xi)、滇(dian)南(nan)3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；桂柳(liu)(liu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)湘(xiang)南(nan)、黔南(nan)、桂北、桂南(nan)4小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)；湖廣(guang)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)鄂北、鄂中(zhong)(zhong)、湘(xiang)西(xi)(xi)、湘(xiang)北、懷玉、黔東、黎靖7小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。也就是新版西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)6片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)數減少，小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)增加。

分區

西南官話分布在四川、重(zhong)慶、貴州、云南、廣西、湖北、湖南、陜(shan)西、江西等9個(ge)(ge)省市，下分6個(ge)(ge)片22個(ge)(ge)小片，544個(ge)(ge)縣市區，使(shi)用人口(kou)約2.7億(yi)人，是官話方言(yan)里使(shi)用范圍最廣，使(shi)用人口(kou)最多的方言(yan)。

片 小片

川黔片 成渝小(xiao)片 黔中小(xiao)片 陜南小(xiao)片

西蜀片(pian) 岷(min)赤小片(pian) 雅甘小片(pian) 江貢小片(pian)

川西片 康藏小(xiao)片 涼山小(xiao)片 --

云南(nan)(nan)片 滇中(zhong)小片 滇西小片 滇南(nan)(nan)小片

湖廣片 鄂北小片 鄂西小片 鄂中(zhong)小片

湘北小片(pian)(pian) 湘西(xi)小片(pian)(pian) 懷玉小片(pian)(pian)

黔東小片 黎靖(jing)小片 ---

桂(gui)柳片 湘南(nan)小(xiao)片 桂(gui)北小(xiao)片 黔南(nan)小(xiao)片

川黔片

共141個(ge)縣市(shi)區(qu)，使用人口約(yue)10000萬人。分為三個(ge)小片。

1.成渝小片

主要分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在四川盆地內部(bu)(bu)，包括四川省中部(bu)(bu)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)、重慶(qing)市(shi)絕大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)、貴州黔西(xi)北地區、云南滇東(dong)地區，共105個縣市(shi)區。

四川省：安岳(yue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、北川羌(qiang)族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、達州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大英縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、大竹縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣安市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣元市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、華鎣市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、簡(jian)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、劍閣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)油市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、金堂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、開(kai)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂至縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、綿竹市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)(nan)部縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)(nan)充(chong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)溪縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、青(qing)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、射洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂寧市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、通江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、旺蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江(jiang)(jiang)區、武(wu)勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西充(chong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣漢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽(yan)亭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳(yue)池縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、資(zi)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、資(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓潼(tong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市：巴南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、北碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧(bi)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、長壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、城口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、大渡口區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、大足區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、奉節縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、涪陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、江北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、九(jiu)龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、開(kai)州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁平區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)岸(an)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭(peng)水苗族土家族自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔江區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、石(shi)柱土家族自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅(tong)梁區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬州區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫(wu)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巫(wu)溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、武隆(long)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山土家族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、永川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽(yang)土家族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、渝北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝中區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、忠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

貴州省：畢節(jie)市、大方縣(xian)、道真(zhen)仡佬族(zu)苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)、赫章縣(xian)、黃平縣(xian)、江口縣(xian)、金沙縣(xian)、開陽縣(xian)、六(liu)盤水市、 納雍縣(xian)、黔西市、石阡(qian)縣(xian)、水城縣(xian)、松桃苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)、銅仁(ren)市、萬山區、息烽縣(xian)、修文縣(xian)、織金縣(xian)、紫云苗族(zu)布(bu)依族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)。

云南(nan)省：大關縣(xian)(xian)、威信(xin)縣(xian)(xian)、彝良縣(xian)(xian)、永善縣(xian)(xian)、鎮雄(xiong)縣(xian)(xian)。

2.黔中小片

分布于貴(gui)陽以西的黔(qian)中、黔(qian)西北地(di)區，廣西還(huan)有3個方言點也可畫入(ru)黔(qian)中小片。共20個縣市區。

貴州省：安(an)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)順(shun)市(shi)、冊(ce)亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長順(shun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、關(guan)嶺布依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、貴陽市(shi)、六枝特區(qu)、盤州市(shi)、平壩區(qu)、普安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、普定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、清鎮市(shi)、晴隆縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、望謨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、興(xing)(xing)仁市(shi)、興(xing)(xing)義市(shi)、貞(zhen)豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮寧布依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

廣西壯族自治區：樂(le)業縣(xian)、隆林各族自治縣(xian)、凌云縣(xian)。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜西省(sheng)：漢臺區(qu)、南鄭區(qu)、佛(fo)坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、嵐皋縣(xian)(xian)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧強縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、漢陰縣(xian)(xian)、寧陜縣(xian)(xian)、石泉縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)巴縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、紫陽縣(xian)(xian)、西鄉縣(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個縣市(shi)區，使用(yong)人口約4000萬人，分(fen)為3個小片。

1.岷赤小片

主要分布在岷江中(zhong)下(xia)游地區和(he)赤水河(he)流域(yu)，還包括云南省的(de)3個方言點和(he)重慶市的(de)兩個方言點，總數(shu)為62個縣市。

四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)：長寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都江(jiang)(jiang)堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)、峨(e)邊(bian)彝族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨(e)眉山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、珙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、古藺(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑(hei)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洪雅縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、犍為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、筠(yun)連縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘(lu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘(lu)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、馬邊(bian)彝族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂(mao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、眉山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、沐川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)溪區(qu)、彭山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、郫都區(qu)、屏山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒲江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青神縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邛崍(lai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、什邡市(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙流區(qu)、松潘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、汶川(chuan)(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新津區(qu)、興文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、敘(xu)永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)、敘(xu)州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)、滎(ying)經縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶(qing)市：江津區、綦江區

貴州(zhou)省：赤(chi)水市(shi)、德江縣(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)、湄潭縣(xian)(xian)、仁懷市(shi)、思南縣(xian)(xian)、綏陽縣(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)、甕安縣(xian)(xian)、務川(chuan)仡佬族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、習水縣(xian)(xian)、沿河土(tu)家族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、印江土(tu)家族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、余(yu)慶縣(xian)(xian)、正安縣(xian)(xian)、遵(zun)義市(shi)、播州(zhou)區(qu)。

云南(nan)省：水富市、綏江縣、鹽津(jin)縣。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四(si)川省：寶興縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹(dan)棱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、夾江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘆山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、名山區、石棉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、天全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅安市、冕(mian)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四川省：富(fu)順縣、井研縣、隆昌市、內江市、仁壽縣、榮縣、威遠縣、自貢市。

川西片

共43個市(shi)縣(xian)，使用人口(kou)約600萬(wan)人。本片(pian)分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)四川西部的(de)涼山、甘孜(zi)、阿壩等3個少數民族自治州，還(huan)包括(kuo)攀枝花市(shi)的(de)一(yi)區兩縣(xian)。分(fen)為兩個小片(pian)。

1.康藏小片

本小片的(de)兩(liang)南官話主要受(shou)藏語或羌語影響，分布(bu)于四川的(de)甘孜和阿(a)壩兩(liang)州及涼(liang)山州的(de)木里(li)藏族自治縣，包括26個縣。

四川省：阿壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、道孚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、得榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定市、理塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)爾(er)康市、木里藏族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤塘(tang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾(er)蓋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉(xiang)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、小金縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小片西(xi)南官話受(shou)彝語影響，分布于涼山州和(he)攀枝花市(shi)，包(bao)括17個縣市(shi)。

四川省(sheng)：布(bu)拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)理市、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷(lei)波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、美姑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、米(mi)易(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、攀枝花(hua)市、普格(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌市、喜德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽邊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、越(yue)西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南片

共(gong)118個縣(xian)市，使用人(ren)口(kou)約(yue)4000萬(wan)人(ren)。分為3個小片。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云南省：安寧市、呈貢(gong)區、澄江(jiang)市、楚雄市、大理(li)市、大姚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨山(shan)(shan)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富(fu)民縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富(fu)源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)澤(ze)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)城哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)川區、晉寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景(jing)洪市、昆(kun)明市、瀘西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸良縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿(lu)豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿(lu)勸彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐臘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)(mi)渡(du)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)(mi)勒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨江(jiang)哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南華縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南澗彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧蒗彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧洱哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧家(jia)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲(qu)靖(jing)市、師宗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普(pu)洱市、嵩明縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通海(hai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍山(shan)(shan)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回(hui)(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新(xin)平(ping)(ping)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威市、尋(xun)甸(dian)回(hui)(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾濞彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜(yi)良縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉溪市、元(yuan)(yuan)江(jiang)哈尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元(yuan)(yuan)謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾(zhan)益縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭通市。

貴州(zhou)省：威寧彝族(zu)回族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云南省：保山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、賓川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、滄源(yuan)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德欽(qin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洱源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳(feng)慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、福(fu)貢(gong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、耿馬傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貢(gong)山獨龍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)怒(nu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴慶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景東彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景谷傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘭(lan)坪白族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)普米(mi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀾(lan)滄拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)龍納西(xi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梁河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨滄市(shi)(shi)(shi)、龍陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隴川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘水市(shi)(shi)(shi)、芒市(shi)(shi)(shi)、孟連(lian)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瑞麗(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、施甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙江拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)布朗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、騰沖市(shi)(shi)(shi)、維西(xi)傈僳族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)盟佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、香格里拉(la)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、盈(ying)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮沅彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云南(nan)省：富寧縣(xian)(xian)、個舊市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)、河口(kou)瑤(yao)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、紅(hong)河縣(xian)(xian)、建水縣(xian)(xian)、金平苗(miao)族(zu)瑤(yao)族(zu)傣族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、開遠(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠春縣(xian)(xian)、麻栗坡縣(xian)(xian)、馬關縣(xian)(xian)、蒙自市(shi)(shi)(shi)、屏(ping)邊苗(miao)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、丘北縣(xian)(xian)、石屏(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、文山市(shi)(shi)(shi)、西疇縣(xian)(xian)、硯山縣(xian)(xian)、元(yuan)陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)；

廣西(xi)壯族自治區：西(xi)林縣。

湖廣片

共85個(ge)縣(xian)市(shi)，使用人口約5250萬(wan)人。可分成8個(ge)小片。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：十(shi)堰市(shi)(shi)、襄陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)、丹江口(kou)市(shi)(shi)、房縣(xian)、谷城縣(xian)、老河口(kou)市(shi)(shi)、南漳縣(xian)、隨州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)、隨縣(xian)、棗陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北省：鄖(yun)西(xi)縣、竹山縣、竹溪(xi)縣；陜西(xi)省：白河縣、平利縣。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖北省：巴東縣(xian)(xian)、保康縣(xian)(xian)、長陽土(tu)(tu)家族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、當(dang)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)、恩施市(shi)(shi)(shi)、建始縣(xian)(xian)、江陵縣(xian)(xian)、荊門市(shi)(shi)(shi)、荊州市(shi)(shi)(shi)、來鳳縣(xian)(xian)、利(li)川市(shi)(shi)(shi)、潛江市(shi)(shi)(shi)、沙洋縣(xian)(xian)、松滋市(shi)(shi)(shi)、五峰土(tu)(tu)家族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、咸(xian)豐縣(xian)(xian)、興山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、宣恩縣(xian)(xian)、宜昌市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、宜都市(shi)(shi)(shi)、遠安(an)縣(xian)(xian)、枝(zhi)江市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鐘祥(xiang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、秭歸縣(xian)(xian)、漢川市(shi)(shi)(shi)、京山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、天門市(shi)(shi)(shi)、武漢市(shi)(shi)(shi)、仙桃市(shi)(shi)(shi)；

湖南(nan)省：龍山縣、桑植縣、張(zhang)家(jia)界市。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖南省：常(chang)德市(shi)、慈利縣(xian)(xian)、漢壽縣(xian)(xian)、津市(shi)市(shi)、澧縣(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)澧縣(xian)(xian)、石門縣(xian)(xian)、桃源縣(xian)(xian)；

湖北省：鶴峰縣(xian)、石(shi)首市、公安縣(xian)、洪(hong)湖市。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖(hu)南省：保靖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳凰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、古丈縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、花(hua)垣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、吉首(shou)市、麻陽苗族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、永(yong)順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沅(yuan)陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；

另：邵(shao)(shao)陽市區(qu)、邵(shao)(shao)東縣(xian)、新邵(shao)(shao)縣(xian)、邵(shao)(shao)陽縣(xian)和新寧縣(xian)話雖屬湘語，但接近(jin)西南官話。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖(hu)南省：懷化市、新晃(huang)侗(dong)族(zu)自治縣(xian)、芷江侗(dong)族(zu)自治縣(xian)、中方縣(xian)、洪江市；

貴(gui)州省：玉(yu)屏侗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴州省：岑鞏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、從江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍(jian)河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、錦屏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、榕江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、施秉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三(san)穗縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、臺江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、天(tian)柱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮遠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

8.黎靖小(xiao)片共3個縣(xian)。

湖(hu)南省：靖(jing)州苗族侗族自治縣、通道侗族自治縣；貴(gui)州省：黎平縣。

桂柳片

共75個縣市，1鎮(zhen)，使用人口約3007萬人。可以(yi)分為3個小片(pian)。

1.湘南小片

共14個縣市，1鎮。

湖(hu)南省：郴州市(shi)、道縣(xian)(xian)、東安縣(xian)(xian)、桂陽縣(xian)(xian)、嘉禾(he)縣(xian)(xian)、江華瑤族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、江永縣(xian)(xian)、藍(lan)山縣(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)武縣(xian)(xian)、寧遠縣(xian)(xian)、雙牌(pai)縣(xian)(xian)、新(xin)田縣(xian)(xian)、宜章縣(xian)(xian)、永州市(shi)；

廣東省:韶關市樂(le)昌市坪石鎮。

2.桂北小片共46個(ge)縣。

廣西壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)區：全州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴馬(ma)瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百色市(shi)(shi)、賓陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大化瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德保縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東(dong)蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富川(chuan)瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭城瑤(yao)(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂(gui)林(lin)市(shi)(shi)、合山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)、河池(chi)市(shi)(shi)、賀州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)、環江毛南族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西市(shi)(shi)、來賓市(shi)(shi)、荔浦縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂(gui)區、靈川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)、龍勝各族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿(lu)寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅城仫佬族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南丹(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)(ping)果市(shi)(shi)、平(ping)(ping)樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融(rong)水(shui)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三江侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣(xuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽(yang)(yang)朔(shuo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州(zhou)區、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭(zhao)平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴州省：丹寨縣(xian)、都勻市(shi)(shi)、獨山縣(xian)、福泉市(shi)(shi)、貴定縣(xian)、惠水(shui)縣(xian)、凱里市(shi)(shi)、雷山縣(xian)、荔(li)波縣(xian)、龍里縣(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)、麻江縣(xian)、平塘縣(xian)、三(san)都水(shui)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)；

廣西壯(zhuang)族(zu)自治區(qu)：天(tian)峨(e)縣。

界線

西(xi)南官話與(yu)中原官話的分界(jie)(jie)(jie)線是：淮河上游(you)-桐柏山-南陽/駐馬店(dian)(dian)市界(jie)(jie)(jie)-牛(niu)頭店(dian)(dian)-鎮(zhen)坪北(bei)-重慶陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)(jie)(jie)-正陽西(xi)南-花里-嵐(lan)皋(gao)北(bei)-洞(dong)河-紫陽東(dong)-漢(han)王(wang)-漢(han)陰西(xi)-木(mu)王(wang)-鎮(zhen)安北(bei)-石(shi)甕-柞水東(dong)-營盤(pan)-廣貨(huo)街-佛坪西(xi)北(bei)-金(jin)水東(dong)-西(xi)鄉北(bei)-城(cheng)固東(dong)-鳳縣(xian)(xian)南-勉縣(xian)(xian)北(bei)-略(lve)陽東(dong)北(bei)-陜(shan)西(xi)甘(gan)肅省(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)(jie)(jie)-陽平(ping)關(guan)-甘(gan)肅文縣(xian)(xian)碧口鎮(zhen)以北(bei)-高(gao)川-五里壩-楊(yang)家河-大(da)通江與(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)(jie)(jie)交叉處-陜(shan)西(xi)四川省(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)(jie)(jie)-四川甘(gan)肅省(sheng)(sheng)界(jie)(jie)(jie)。

《中國語(yu)言地圖(tu)集(ji)》把陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)的西南(nan)官話(hua)全部歸入西南(nan)官話(hua)。但(dan)陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)東、西兩片(pian)西南(nan)官話(hua)存在(zai)明(ming)顯的差異。東部安康地區(qu)的西南(nan)官話(hua)與(yu)(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)鄂北小片(pian)相(xiang)似且有共同(tong)的歷史來(lai)源，西部漢中地區(qu)的西南(nan)官話(hua)與(yu)(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)成(cheng)都片(pian)相(xiang)似且有共同(tong)的歷史來(lai)源。依照方言特點和歷史來(lai)源，陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)東、西兩片(pian)西南(nan)官話(hua)宜分(fen)別歸屬西南(nan)官話(hua)武天片(pian)和成(cheng)渝(yu)片(pian)。

漢(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)：漢(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)區，位于(yu)南(nan)北(bei)方言(yan)過渡帶，處(chu)于(yu)西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)話(hua)(hua)、江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)(hua)三大(da)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)區交(jiao)界處(chu)，具有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)方言(yan)融合特征，漢(han)陰(yin)人的(de)(de)移民主(zhu)體為湖南(nan)人，其(qi)次是湖北(bei)人、河南(nan)人、廣東人等，因此在發音和詞(ci)匯(hui)方面(mian)，有大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)湘語詞(ci)匯(hui)和部分粵語詞(ci)匯(hui)，相對(dui)于(yu)鄰縣(xian)石泉(quan)縣(xian)，漢(han)陰(yin)縣(xian)受(shou)四(si)川影(ying)響較石泉(quan)縣(xian)小(xiao)，反之受(shou)湖北(bei)湖南(nan)影(ying)響較大(da)，因此漢(han)陰(yin)話(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)哪(na)個片的(de)(de)問題很有爭議(yi)。

關(guan)于漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，有(you)(you)三四種說法，分(fen)兩(liang)派，一派認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于中原官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)秦隴片，一派認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但這(zhe)一關(guan)于漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于哪一片有(you)(you)爭議，主流認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成渝(yu)小(xiao)片，但是由于漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)石泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)明(ming)顯區別(bie)（在(zai)方言(yan)詞匯(hui)和(he)調(diao)值上，詞匯(hui)上和(he)湖南(nan)(nan)湖北交界的(de)荊州常(chang)德(de)方言(yan)類似），石泉話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是典型的(de)成渝(yu)小(xiao)片，而漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)受湖北湖南(nan)(nan)影響(xiang)較大，所以有(you)(you)人認為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于西南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)武天(tian)片或者常(chang)鶴片，直(zhi)到新版(ban)方言(yan)集出版(ban)尚未有(you)(you)定論。

生存危機

雖然說西南(nan)(nan)官話被(bei)公認(ren)為全國方言較為強勢的地(di)區，但事實上由于(yu)“推廣(guang)普通話”政(zheng)策，西南(nan)(nan)官話的生存環(huan)境正受(shou)到普通話的強烈(lie)沖擊，有(you)學者認(ren)為長期以往(wang)，西南(nan)(nan)官話長遠甚至有(you)完全被(bei)普通話取代的可能。

一(yi)方(fang)面，以成都貴(gui)陽為首的西(xi)南大城(cheng)市(shi)城(cheng)區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)大有被普通(tong)(tong)話(hua)取代的趨(qu)勢，由于(yu)推廣(guang)普通(tong)(tong)話(hua)，大城(cheng)市(shi)10后小孩(hai)很多(duo)已(yi)經不會講本地方(fang)言(yan)；加(jia)上很多(duo)80后和(he)90后年輕(qing)家長對方(fang)言(yan)的消極態度(du)，從而導致成都貴(gui)陽等大城(cheng)市(shi)方(fang)言(yan)的逐漸(jian)式微。除此(ci)以外，昆(kun)明(ming)市(shi)區(qu)的方(fang)言(yan)狀況也(ye)不容(rong)樂觀，但由于(yu)使用人數偏(pian)少，因此(ci)貴(gui)陽和(he)昆(kun)明(ming)比成都和(he)重慶市(shi)區(qu)方(fang)言(yan)狀況更糟糕，也(ye)大有被普通(tong)(tong)話(hua)取代的趨(qu)勢。

另(ling)一方面，西(xi)南官話(hua)外圍地(di)區的方言(yan)被(bei)普通話(hua)取代的趨勢(shi)也非常明顯。具體(ti)表現如下(xia)：

①陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢(han)中(zhong)主體方言原(yuan)先本來屬(shu)于(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)，但(dan)由于(yu)屬(shu)于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省，與西(xi)(xi)(xi)安聯系更密切，再加上西(xi)(xi)(xi)安普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)普(pu)(pu)及率比川渝地區高，被(bei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)和中(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)(hua)大量替換；如(ru)今(jin)在漢(han)中(zhong)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)逐步淪落為小眾(zhong)方言，漢(han)中(zhong)年輕人里面如(ru)今(jin)會講西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)的大幅度減少，更多的都是講中(zhong)原(yuan)官話(hua)(hua)和普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話(hua)(hua)。未來20年內，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)很有可(ke)能會在漢(han)中(zhong)被(bei)完全邊緣化。

②廣(guang)西桂柳話(hua)也屬于西南官話(hua)，十年前都還是廣(guang)西最強勢的方言，但(dan)由于受(shou)到首府南寧和強制推(tui)普的影響(xiang)，也逐漸(jian)步(bu)入南寧白話(hua)的后塵，被普通話(hua)大量(liang)取(qu)代。

③湖北(bei)武漢(han)話也屬于(yu)西(xi)南(nan)官話，但由于(yu)政(zheng)治地(di)位的(de)原(yuan)因，逐步被普通話代(dai)替；西(xi)南(nan)官話湖廣片的(de)鄂北(bei)小片也正(zheng)逐步被中原(yuan)官話同化甚至(zhi)取代(dai)

④湖北(bei)宜昌話(hua)也屬于西南官話(hua)，但由(you)于受到武漢的影響，被普通(tong)話(hua)取(qu)代的趨勢尤其明顯。

⑤湘西(xi)懷化也說西(xi)南官話，但隨著普通話的推廣逐步消亡。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自貢話(hua)(hua)、懷德話(hua)(hua)、富順(shun)話(hua)(hua)。