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西(xi)南官話，因主要(yao)流(liu)行于(yu)長江(jiang)上游(you)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，亦稱(cheng)上江(jiang)官話，屬于(yu)現代漢(han)語(yu)官話方言。西(xi)南官話下(xia)分(fen)(fen)6片、22小(xiao)片，分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)四(si)川、重慶、貴州、云南、湖北、廣西(xi)、湖南、陜西(xi)、江(jiang)西(xi)、甘肅、廣東、海南、福建共15省市自治(zhi)區(qu)(qu)、600多縣市區(qu)(qu)以及東南亞的少(shao)部分(fen)(fen)地(di)區(qu)(qu)。

主(zhu)要(yao)分布于四川(chuan)、重(zhong)慶、貴州、云(yun)南、湖北(bei)、廣西、湖南七省和(he)直轄市。

《中國語言地圖(tu)集》里給出的(de)西(xi)南官話的(de)定義是(shi)：西(xi)南地區以及附近的(de)，入(ru)聲(sheng)整(zheng)體(ti)歸派到某一聲(sheng)調(diao)或者四聲(sheng)調(diao)值與成都、武(wu)漢、重慶、常德、貴陽、昆明、桂林相近的(de)漢語方言。

西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)是(shi)從(cong)明朝開始(shi)，因移民西(xi)南(nan)地區而(er)逐漸形成(cheng)的官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)方言，其語音(yin)系統在官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)也(ye)是(shi)最(zui)簡單的，除了濁音(yin)清(qing)化(hua)等官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)的共同(tong)特點外，西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)多(duo)數不分平、翹舌音(yin)，是(shi)一種帶(dai)有過渡(du)性質的南(nan)方官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)話(hua)。

西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)使用人數(shu)多(duo)達2.7億，是(shi)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言中使用范圍最廣、使用人口最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)言，一(yi)般史(shi)者(zhe)研(yan)究認(ren)為西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)是(shi)江(jiang)淮官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)延伸，二者(zhe)有淵源(yuan)關系(xi)，并同屬南(nan)方(fang)系(xi)官(guan)話(hua)，因為西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)根據歷史(shi)研(yan)究表(biao)明(ming)，是(shi)從明(ming)代(dai)開始，因移(yi)民西南(nan)而(er)逐漸形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)官(guan)話(hua)方(fang)言，移(yi)民是(shi)西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要因素(su)。

西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)的形成(cheng)與元朝之后進(jin)入中國西(xi)南地(di)區的移民具有很(hen)大關聯，成(cheng)渝片四川(chuan)話(hua)(hua)與湖(hu)廣(guang)片武漢話(hua)(hua)音系產生(sheng)分化的年(nian)代(dai)都至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)可以上溯至(zhi)(zhi)明朝，因而(er)西(xi)南官話(hua)(hua)的形成(cheng)年(nian)代(dai)應當更早(zao)。

同(tong)時有學者認為(wei)其可能(neng)與另一種南(nan)方(fang)官(guan)話（江淮官(guan)話）同(tong)源。西(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話在詞匯、音韻等方(fang)面與北(bei)方(fang)官(guan)話相比(bi)都具(ju)有顯著差異。部(bu)分方(fang)言(yan)：福(fu)善巖上土話。

發展歷史

西南(nan)官話(hua)是從明代開(kai)始，因(yin)移民西南(nan)而逐漸形(xing)成的(de)官話(hua)方言，移民是西南(nan)官話(hua)形(xing)成的(de)主要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。一般認為西南(nan)官話(hua)是江(jiang)淮官話(hua)的(de)延(yan)伸，二(er)者有淵(yuan)源關系(xi)，并同屬南(nan)方系(xi)官話(hua)，但學界對此(ci)說法持(chi)謹慎觀點。

漢(han)族(zu)移(yi)(yi)民西南，四川(chuan)屬較早的(de)地(di)區之(zhi)一(yi)。四川(chuan)古(gu)為巴(ba)蜀(shu)之(zhi)地(di)，土地(di)肥沃，地(di)理偏安，漢(han)族(zu)最早在秦統一(yi)巴(ba)蜀(shu)之(zhi)后(hou)（約公元(yuan)前301年）就(jiu)已遷入此地(di)。從秦至宋歷代，均(jun)有漢(han)人(ren)因躲避戰亂、天災(zai)而遷入四川(chuan)。如唐末(mo)黃巢起義(yi)。漢(han)族(zu)遷入四川(chuan)的(de)線路主(zhu)要是(shi)越過秦嶺移(yi)(yi)進，故移(yi)(yi)民的(de)主(zhu)體為中(zhong)原漢(han)人(ren)（以甘陜為主(zhu)），當時的(de)西南方言以北方官(guan)話(hua)為主(zhu)。

明(ming)清是漢(han)族大規模(mo)移(yi)民(min)(min)西(xi)南的重要時(shi)期，西(xi)南官話在(zai)這段時(shi)期中，通過(guo)方(fang)言間的不斷影(ying)響、融合(he)而逐步(bu)形成。元(yuan)末明(ming)初，湖廣(guang)一(yi)帶是元(yuan)朝軍隊與紅巾(jin)軍、朱元(yuan)璋廝殺拉鋸的主戰場之一(yi)，戰亂使得當地人口(kou)急劇(ju)減少，造成人口(kou)從(cong)西(xi)北到(dao)東南呈(cheng)由稀(xi)變密的狀態(tai)。因故，明(ming)洪武間，出現(xian)了“江西(xi)填(tian)湖廣(guang)”和第一(yi)次“湖廣(guang)填(tian)四川”的移(yi)民(min)(min)大潮(chao)，同時(shi)在(zai)滇黔、桂北一(yi)帶廣(guang)設(she)衛所，遷入大量移(yi)民(min)(min)。

明(ming)(ming)代大移民(min)(min)(min)，徹底改變(bian)了原(yuan)來(lai)西南地區以少數民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)為(wei)主體的結構，遲至(zhi)明(ming)(ming)末，漢族(zu)已在(zai)西南地區的民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)結構中(zhong)占據絕對優勢(shi)。明(ming)(ming)代移民(min)(min)(min)西南的主要方式(shi)是由衛所軍士及(ji)其家眷組(zu)成的軍事移民(min)(min)(min)，其來(lai)源主要為(wei)江南、湖廣、江西等地。

明(ming)代西(xi)南地區的韻書記錄，證(zheng)明(ming)西(xi)南官話在當時已經成型。漢族早(zao)期移民西(xi)南，因來源(yuan)多樣，呈現出“五方(fang)雜處，言語各異”的局面(mian)。

為了解決“正音”問題，當地出現了一(yi)些用官話“正音”的韻書，如蘭茂《韻略易通》、葛中(zhong)選(xuan)《泰(tai)律篇》等(deng)。

明(ming)代西南(nan)地區出現的(de)(de)(de)韻書(shu)和辭(ci)書(shu)，大(da)體(ti)屬于(yu)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)，其音(yin)系(xi)均體(ti)現出一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)地域(yu)(yu)方音(yin)特點。而這些地域(yu)(yu)方音(yin)特點的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)出現，標志著(zhu)西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)基本形成。明(ming)正統(tong)年間的(de)(de)(de)《韻略易通》反映(ying)了通行于(yu)西南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)讀書(shu)音(yin)已與官(guan)話(hua)(hua)有明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，以(yi)及當時西南(nan)地域(yu)(yu)性通語方音(yin)的(de)(de)(de)基本存(cun)在概況。

根據《讀書通·五聲(sheng)譜》記錄說明(ming)，當時(shi)川滇鄂(e)等(deng)地的方言(yan)中入(ru)聲(sheng)亦然失去(qu)塞音韻(yun)尾。足(zu)以印(yin)證今西南官話中“入(ru)聲(sheng)調合為一(yi)類，入(ru)聲(sheng)韻(yun)不帶塞音韻(yun)尾，去(qu)聲(sheng)調不分陰陽”的區域性語音特點，在明(ming)末已經形(xing)成(cheng)。

清(qing)代(dai)西南(nan)的移(yi)民(min)(min)，除“湖廣填四(si)(si)川”的外(wai)部(bu)人口(kou)遷(qian)入，內部(bu)主要體現為(wei)區域(yu)擴散式移(yi)民(min)(min)。明末清(qing)初(chu)，起(qi)義不停(ting)，天災頻頻，戰(zhan)亂不斷，造成四(si)(si)川人口(kou)銳減(jian)。清(qing)順治、康(kang)熙(xi)年間又開始大(da)量(liang)向四(si)(si)川移(yi)民(min)(min)，清(qing)代(dai)四(si)(si)川移(yi)民(min)(min)的來(lai)源同明代(dai)一樣，以(yi)湖廣為(wei)主，占移(yi)民(min)(min)總數一半以(yi)上。

清代改(gai)土歸(gui)流完成后(hou)，漢人開始進(jin)入以前由少數民(min)族控制(zhi)的區(qu)域。乾隆(long)中期以后(hou)，四(si)川人口開始向(xiang)周邊地區(qu)遷(qian)移。一部分已遷(qian)入省內的邊遠山區(qu)。

清代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)移(yi)民由明代(dai)(dai)沿交通要道的(de)(de)(de)點、線狀分布，發展為大量(liang)向邊遠山區(qu)和少民聚居區(qu)流(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)片、面(mian)分布。西南官(guan)話隨著內部擴(kuo)(kuo)散(san)式(shi)移(yi)民而(er)不斷整合擴(kuo)(kuo)張，形成了內聚力較強的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域性(xing)語言集團，往后一(yi)直以其簡潔的(de)(de)(de)音系優勢，隨人口的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)移(yi)而(er)不斷向外(wai)(wai)擴(kuo)(kuo)張。

從清(qing)朝到20世紀(ji)上半葉(xie)，入聲(sheng)歸讀陽平的(de)特點在西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話較(jiao)多的(de)方言區內得以(yi)呈現。清(qing)末，根據傳(chuan)教士(shi)對成都和漢口兩地的(de)語音記錄資(zi)料顯示，當時(shi)的(de)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官話仍存(cun)有入聲(sheng)調。

20世紀三(san)四十年代，楊時逢(feng)、趙元任等組織調(diao)查了川、黔、湘、鄂(e)的(de)漢(han)語方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)，并撰(zhuan)寫出《四川方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》《云方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》《湖南方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》和《湖北方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)調(diao)查報(bao)告(gao)(gao)》。報(bao)告(gao)(gao)顯示，不僅武漢(han)、成都的(de)入聲(sheng)調(diao)已歸(gui)陽平(ping)，連同昆明(ming)、貴陽、桂(gui)林等，西南官(guan)話近五分之四的(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)點(dian)的(de)入聲(sheng)均(jun)已歸(gui)讀陽平(ping)調(diao)。

入聲讀陽平(ping)在西南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)中的演(yan)(yan)變，是(shi)非常晚近（20世紀及其以后）且為短(duan)時期內(nei)的共(gong)時語音演(yan)(yan)變現象，有些方言點仍處于這(zhe)一演(yan)(yan)變進程中。

特點介紹

西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)最(zui)大片區的(de)使用人口約為1億。其語音(yin)系統在(zai)官(guan)話(hua)中(zhong)也是最(zui)簡單的(de)，除(chu)了(le)濁音(yin)清化、從g k h / z c s中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)化出 j q x、-m韻尾(wei)派(pai)入-n或-ng、無尖(jian)團對立等(deng)官(guan)話(hua)的(de)共同特點外，西(xi)南官(guan)話(hua)有不分(fen)(fen)(fen)平(ping)、翹(qiao)舌音(yin)（有的(de)地區僅將(jiang)中(zhong)古漢語發音(yin)為zi-、ci-、si-的(de)入聲(sheng)字讀作翹(qiao)舌；也有極少數地區如北京話(hua)般(ban)嚴格(ge)區分(fen)(fen)(fen)平(ping)翹(qiao)舌音(yin)），還有不分(fen)(fen)(fen)fu和(he)(he)hu（甚至f與hu顛倒），部分(fen)(fen)(fen)不分(fen)(fen)(fen)n和(he)(he)l（大多有n、l對立），同時不分(fen)(fen)(fen)ing和(he)(he)in、eng和(he)(he)en（b、p、m、f后(hou)的(de)eng讀ong）。

多數入聲(sheng)字(zi)(zi)派入陽平，分(fen)類(lei)簡單，不似北京官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)入派三聲(sheng)復雜而(er)混亂，但是有(you)(you)的(de)(de)片保(bao)留入聲(sheng)（但多為特殊調值(zhi)，并無塞音韻尾）或者(zhe)派入其他調類(lei)。西南(nan)官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和湘(xiang)語(yu)、客家話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、粵語(yu)、贛語(yu)有(you)(you)不少相似之處（比如保(bao)留了大部(bu)分(fen)ng聲(sheng)母，川東話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)很多粵方言獨(du)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)讀字(zi)(zi)法，如“解”、“六”等(deng)數百字(zi)(zi)），是一(yi)種帶有(you)(you)過渡性質(zhi)的(de)(de)南(nan)方官話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。

聲調

西南官話古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)未發(fa)生分(fen)化，整(zheng)體保留或整(zheng)體混(hun)入(ru)它(ta)調（主要混(hun)入(ru)陽平）。例如四川話中，入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體混(hun)入(ru)陽平；岷江小片(pian)中整(zheng)體保留了入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，部分(fen)地區甚至還保留塞音韻尾；仁(ren)富小片(pian)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體派入(ru)去聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；雅棉(mian)小片(pian)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)整(zheng)體派入(ru)陰平。

在湖(hu)廣(guang)片中(zhong)，不乏去聲分(fen)陰陽的(de)次方言，同時也有少部分(fen)入聲分(fen)陰陽者。例如(ru)湖(hu)南北部的(de)津(jin)市，其(qi)方言中(zhong)古全濁入歸陽入，其(qi)余歸陰入。

西南官話聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)調(diao)(diao)(diao)值(zhi)大致可分為10個類(lei)型，各類(lei)型之間差異(yi)顯著。其中(zhong)分布(bu)最廣的一(yi)種類(lei)型（陰平是最高(gao)調(diao)(diao)(diao)，陽(yang)平是最低調(diao)(diao)(diao)，上聲是次高(gao)降(jiang)(jiang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)，去聲是低降(jiang)(jiang)升調(diao)(diao)(diao)），即四川話聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)型，主要流(liu)行于四川/重慶(qing)一(yi)帶以及毗(pi)鄰的貴州北部。這種聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)型內部一(yi)致性(xing)很高(gao)，是西南官話最具代表性(xing)的聲調(diao)(diao)(diao)類(lei)型。

川黔型

成渝亞型 55 21 42 213 陽平(ping) 四川(chuan)盆地大部(bu)、貴(gui)州北部(bu)

瀘州亞(ya)型 55 21 42 13 33 四(si)川盆地(di)東南部

瀘(lu)定亞型 55 21 53 24 陰平 川西西部雅安一帶(dai)

自貢(gong)亞(ya)型(xing) 55 21 42 213 去聲 川中沱(tuo)江下(xia)游一(yi)帶

貴陽(yang)亞型 45 21 43 24 陽(yang)平 貴州中部和西(xi)部

漢中(zhong)亞型 55 21 24 212 濁(zhuo)入(ru)陽平(ping)(ping);清入(ru)/次(ci)濁(zhuo)入(ru)歸(gui)陰平(ping)(ping)或陽平(ping)(ping) 陜西西南部(bu)，甘肅隴(long)南局地

云南型

昆(kun)明亞(ya)型 44 31 53 212 陽平 云南中部(bu)

個舊亞型 55 42 33 12 陽平 云南南部

保山亞型 32 44 53 25 陽平 云(yun)南西部

湖廣型

武漢亞型 55 213 42 35 陽(yang)平 湖北中西部

石首亞型 45 13 41 陰214/陽33 陰25/陽入(ru)歸陽去 湖北南部

漢壽(shou)亞型 55 213 42 陰35/陽33 55 湖南西北(bei)部

澧州亞型 55 13 21 陰213/陽(yang)(yang)33 陰35/陽(yang)(yang)入歸陽(yang)(yang)去(qu) 湖南北部（常德）

桃源(yuan)亞型 44 23 21 陰213/陽(yang)33 55 湖南北部（常德）

黎(li)平亞型(xing) 33 13 31 53 陽平(黎(li)平有入聲調) 湘黔(qian)界

襄陽-北(bei)官(guan)型 35 52 55 21 陽平(ping)（少數清入歸陰平(ping)） 湖北(bei)北(bei)部

桂柳型

桂林亞型 33 21 55 35 陽平(ping) 廣(guang)西北部

永(yong)州亞型(xing) 33 23 55 陽23/陰214 陽平 永(yong)州

欽州亞(ya)型 35 21 44 13 陰13/陽(yang)5 欽州城區

邕州(zhou)官(guan)話 35 31 54 13 大部分歸陽平；陰(yin)5/陽2 南(nan)寧局地

軍話與未分片

八所亞(ya)型 33 31 51 55 11 東方市和昌江市郊區

贛州亞(ya)型 33 31 53 13 5 贛州城(cheng)關

信豐亞(ya)型 33 53 31 13 陽平 信豐城關

考量入聲

凡(fan)普通話讀陰平、上、去，而在西南官(guan)話入(ru)派陽平的(de)字大多是古入(ru)聲字（例外字：玉(yu)）。

凡不送氣的陽平字是(shi)古(gu)代入聲(sheng)字。多數鼻(bi)音韻尾(wei)（陽聲(sheng)韻）字都不是(shi)古(gu)代入聲(sheng)字。

凡?r音節(jie)的(de)字不是(shi)古代入聲(sheng)字。凡uai、uei韻母的(de)字不是(shi)古入聲(sheng)字（例外字：蟀）。

除靴(xue)瘸以外(wai)的y?韻母字(zi)是古代(dai)入聲字(zi)。

凡(fan)普(pu)通話(hua)有(you)元(yuan)音韻尾而西南(nan)官話(hua)沒有(you)的字(zi)(zi)是(shi)古代入(ru)聲(sheng)字(zi)(zi)。

除了西(xi)蜀片的(de)樂山話(hua)的(de)瘸和德江話(hua)的(de)祛白讀韻母為(wei)io，凡方言中(zhong)的(de)io韻母字(zi)都是(shi)古代入聲字(zi)。

韻母

①以川黔片(pian)-重慶話(hua)為例

開(kai)尾 元音尾 鼻(bi)音尾

開口(kou)呼 ?　日 ? a o　我 e　黑 ai　街 ei　批 au　包 ?u　走 an　煩 ?n　櫻 a?　幫 o?　畝

二大

齊齒呼(hu) i　一(yi) ia　牙 ie　葉(xie) iai　介 iau　標 i?u　九(jiu) ian　變 in　兵 ia?　量

合口呼 u　五 ua　瓜 ue　國 uai　乖(guai) uei　類 uan　段 u?n　春 ua?　光(guang)

撮口(kou)呼(hu) y　魚 yo　藥 ye　絕(jue) yu　俗 yan　鮮 yn　泳 yo?　蓉

②以湖廣片-武(wu)漢話為例

開(kai)口呼(hu)(hu) 齊齒呼(hu)(hu) 合口呼(hu)(hu) 撮口呼(hu)(hu) 備(bei)注

? 子此十(shi)支是 i 一比力七氣 u 五不附戶古(gu) y 女于入主出 ?二(er)日k??去(白讀)

ɑ 八大乍下撒(sa) iɑ 牙甲(jia)恰家瞎 uɑ 話瓦(wa)瓜化刷 ?ya 靴(xue)(白(bai)讀)

o 窩末(mo)多左合(he) io 約若(ruo)虐學(xue)削

? 北(bei)得(de)克蛇革 ie 也別劣(lie)邪絕 u? 說國虢或獲(huo) ye 月(yue)決掘缺穴 “茄”“薛”“劣(lie)”開(kai)合不定

ai 艾(ai)拜乃在介 uai 外(wai)怪快拐衰

ei 貝(bei)杯最(zui)(zui)披內 uei 瑰未吹(chui)銳回 “最(zui)(zui)”“脆”“歲(sui)”開合不定

ɑu 奧(ao)包刀(dao)少早(zao) iɑu 巧妖了小(xiao)苗

ou 歐口杜六竹 iou 又牛九囚秀

an 南(nan)安凡(fan)旦短(duan) ien 言片天千偏 uan 丸船官款歡 yen 鉛沿(yan)倦玄(xuan)軟 “全”“癬(xian)”“縣”開合不(bu)定

?n 恩硬崩吞存 in 印民丁(ding)巾心(xin) u?n 文坤昏橫混(hun) y?n 春允永(yong)均唇 “傾”“尋”“旬”開合不(bu)定

ɑ? 湯方上(shang)巷郎 iɑ? 仰(yang)兩(liang)江香(xiang)羊 uɑ? 王旺窗(chuang)光狂

o? 翁中(zhong)孟木工 io? 榮(rong)茸(rong)窮兄(xiong)雄 開(kai)合(he)不(bu)定者多表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)“武合(he)漢開(kai)”

③以桂(gui)柳片-桂(gui)林話(hua)為例(li)

韻母共35個。

韻母表

ī /?/ 絲(si) i /i/ 衣 u /u/ 烏 ü /y/ 迂(yu)

a /a/ 啊(a) ia /ia/ 呀(ya) ua /ua/ 蛙

o /o/ 哦 io /io/ 喲

e /?/ 呃 ie /ie/ 椰 üe /ye/ 月

??ê /e/ 兒

ai/?/哀 uai /u?/ 歪

ei/?i/欸(e^) ui /u?i/ 威

ao/ɑ/熬 iao /iɑ/ 腰

ou/?u/歐(ou) iu /i?u/ 憂 üu /yu/ 肉(rou)

an/?/安(an) ian /i?/ 煙 uan /u?/ 彎(wan) üan /y?/ 冤(yuan)

en/?n/恩 in /in/ 因 un /un/ 溫 ün /yn/ 暈

ang/ɑ?/昂(ang) iang /iɑ?/ 央 uang /uɑ?/ 汪(wang)

ong/o?/翁 iong /io?/ 雍

說明：

1、ai、ao兩韻母(mu)（含(han)各呼）的韻尾(wei)極其微弱(ruo)，有(you)脫落趨勢。2.ê屬舊讀(du)，下(xia)有(you)兒、而(er)、爾、耳、二(er)等字(zi)。

典型的(de)西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話具有(you)陰(yin)平(ping)、陽平(ping)、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)五調(diao)甚至有(you)六調(diao)的(de)區(qu)域，古入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)舒化成渝片等片派入(ru)陽平(ping)，岷江(jiang)仁富小片派入(ru)去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng).根據1939年(nian)的(de)民國調(diao)查西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話有(you)單獨的(de)入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)調(diao).則也(ye)認定為西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話。西(xi)南官(guan)(guan)話四(si)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)典型的(de)調(diao)值如下（以四(si)川(chuan)話為例）：陰(yin)平(ping)55、陽平(ping)212、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)214、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)21.舒化后出現陰(yin)平(ping)55、陽平(ping)211、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.或陰(yin)平(ping)55、陽平(ping)212、上(shang)(shang)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)53、去(qu)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)213、入(ru)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)211.

從(cong)建(jian)國后逐漸出現入(ru)聲被(bei)歸陽(yang)平學術專(zhuan)家占(zhan)據言(yan)(yan)論(lun)上(shang)風。李(li)榮發(fa)表(biao)在《方(fang)言(yan)(yan)》1985年(nian)第1期(qi)的(de)(de)《官話方(fang)言(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)區》里說(shuo)得很(hen)明白，也很(hen)直接。他說(shuo)：“討(tao)論(lun)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)區，根據五十年(nian)代方(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)結果，和以前的(de)(de)研(yan)究，新近的(de)(de)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)。方(fang)言(yan)(yan)普查(cha)(cha)分(fen)(fen)省區安排(pai)工作(zuo)。調(diao)查(cha)(cha)以市、縣或相當于縣的(de)(de)行政(zheng)區為(wei)單(dan)位，每一(yi)(yi)單(dan)位為(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點(dian)（以市、縣人民(min)委員會(hui)所在地(di)的(de)(de)方(fang)言(yan)(yan)為(wei)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)對象(xiang)）。市、縣人民(min)委員會(hui)在一(yi)(yi)地(di)以一(yi)(yi)個(ge)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點(dian)論(lun)。要(yao)是調(diao)查(cha)(cha)點(dian)加(jia)密，分(fen)(fen)區的(de)(de)準確性就可(ke)以提高。”

延伸

西南(nan)官話中(zhong)最(zui)大的一(yi)片（成渝(yu)小片）的使用人口約1億。西南(nan)官話的語音(yin)系統(tong)比較，西南(nan)官話以成渝(yu)小片（西南(nan)官話中(zhong)使用地域(yu)人口最(zui)廣(guang)）為代表舉列(lie)：

1.無后鼻音(yin) ing，eng，普(pu)通話eng結(jie)尾的字(zi)分別并(bing)了到en和ong中.存在的后鼻音(yin)：ong ung ang iong iang uang uong。

2. 聲母保留 ng-，區別n- l-（部分地區無(wu)n）。

3.大(da)部(bu)分地區(qu)(qu)聲母無翹舌，只(zhi)有 z c s 保留 [z] [c] [s] 的(de)濁聲（有人(ren)說是(shi)濁擦聲）比如：側[z]e有些標記成 tse. 西(xi)南官話的(de)r音大(da)部(bu)分讀的(de)也是(shi)[z]（湖北(bei)部(bu)分區(qu)(qu)域是(shi)[?]或零聲母）但(dan)是(shi)r在(zai)結尾的(de)時候讀的(de)是(shi)l（舌頂(ding)口腔頂(ding)部(bu)不卷舌）。

4.-m-n尾并(bing)未完全在西(xi)南官話中(zhong)合并(bing).部分字(zi)依然感(gan)覺的到-m結尾。比如：痕hen感(gan)gam

西南官話(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)自己的(de)(de)一些語(yu)法結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，大多在(zai)明朝的(de)(de)白話(hua)(hua)(hua)書籍中能找到出處。比如(ru)："飯吃了著(zhu)"這個(ge)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)是明朝白話(hua)(hua)(hua)中常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)但不見(jian)于現代白話(hua)(hua)(hua)中了其中"著(zhu)"字讀do而福州話(hua)(hua)(hua)中還有(you)見(jian)的(de)(de)到同樣(yang)的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)他們用"著(zhu)無"讀 do mo.

西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話部分字的讀音(yin)(yin)非常古老(lao).有上古的遺音(yin)(yin).比如(ru)"蹲"西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話用"居"讀gu或ku，這(zhe)個就是居字的古音(yin)(yin)。

分布

西(xi)南官話(hua)是使(shi)(shi)用人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)最多、分(fen)布區(qu)域面積最廣(guang)的漢語分(fen)支之(zhi)一。據(ju)統計使(shi)(shi)用西(xi)南官話(hua)的人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)超(chao)過(guo)2.7億，占中國全國人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的五分(fen)之(zhi)一，整個(ge)官話(hua)區(qu)人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的三(san)分(fen)之(zhi)一，相(xiang)當于(yu)湘語、贛語、粵語、閩語人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)的總和。西(xi)南官話(hua)中最大(da)的分(fen)區(qu)川黔片和西(xi)蜀片的使(shi)(shi)用人口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)都(dou)超(chao)過(guo)1.5億。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話在(zai)(zai)中國境內主要分布于(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南部(bu)的(de)四川、云(yun)南、貴州、重慶的(de)絕大(da)多數漢語地區，以及臨(lin)近的(de)湖北省(sheng)大(da)部(bu)、湖南省(sheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北部(bu)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)南部(bu)、河南信(xin)陽也(ye)有一些鄉(xiang)鎮存在(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話，另在(zai)(zai)江西(xi)(xi)(xi)、福建、廣(guang)(guang)東、海南、安徽存在(zai)(zai)方言島。鄰近云(yun)南的(de)緬甸果敢、佤(wa)邦、泰北也(ye)有人使用西(xi)(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話。

《中(zhong)(zhong)國語言地(di)圖(tu)集》87版中(zhong)(zhong)將西南(nan)官話分(fen)為成渝、灌(guan)赤、黔(qian)北(bei)(bei)、昆貴(gui)、滇西、鄂北(bei)(bei)、武天(tian)、岑江、黔(qian)東南(nan)、黔(qian)南(nan)、湘南(nan)、桂柳、常鶴等十二(er)片(pian)(pian)。其中(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)韻現象復(fu)雜的(de)灌(guan)赤片(pian)(pian)又分(fen)為岷江、仁富(fu)、雅棉、麗川四小片(pian)(pian)；滇西片(pian)(pian)又分(fen)為姚理(li)、保潞兩個小片(pian)(pian)、昆貴(gui)片(pian)(pian)。

根據《中(zhong)(zhong)國語言地圖集》90版，西(xi)南(nan)官話可以分(fen)為(wei)川黔(qian)、湖(hu)廣、川西(xi)、云南(nan)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)柳6片(pian)(pian)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，川黔(qian)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)成渝、陜南(nan)、黔(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；西(xi)蜀片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)岷赤(chi)、雅甘、江(jiang)貢3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；川西(xi)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)康(kang)藏、涼山2小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)。云南(nan)片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)滇中(zhong)(zhong)、滇西(xi)、滇南(nan)3小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；桂(gui)(gui)(gui)柳片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)湘南(nan)、黔(qian)南(nan)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)北(bei)、桂(gui)(gui)(gui)南(nan)4小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)；湖(hu)廣片(pian)(pian)分(fen)為(wei)鄂北(bei)、鄂中(zhong)(zhong)、湘西(xi)、湘北(bei)、懷(huai)玉、黔(qian)東、黎(li)靖7小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)。也就是新版西(xi)南(nan)官話分(fen)為(wei)6片(pian)(pian)22小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)，片(pian)(pian)數減少，小(xiao)(xiao)片(pian)(pian)增加。

分區

西南(nan)官話(hua)分(fen)布在四川、重(zhong)慶、貴州、云(yun)南(nan)、廣西、湖北(bei)、湖南(nan)、陜(shan)西、江西等9個(ge)省市，下分(fen)6個(ge)片(pian)22個(ge)小(xiao)片(pian)，544個(ge)縣市區，使用(yong)人口約(yue)2.7億人，是官話(hua)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)里使用(yong)范圍最(zui)廣，使用(yong)人口最(zui)多的方(fang)(fang)言(yan)。

片 小片

川黔片(pian) 成渝小片(pian) 黔中小片(pian) 陜南小片(pian)

西蜀(shu)片(pian)(pian) 岷赤小片(pian)(pian) 雅甘小片(pian)(pian) 江貢(gong)小片(pian)(pian)

川西片(pian) 康藏小片(pian) 涼山(shan)小片(pian) --

云(yun)南片(pian) 滇(dian)中小片(pian) 滇(dian)西小片(pian) 滇(dian)南小片(pian)

湖廣片(pian) 鄂(e)北小片(pian) 鄂(e)西小片(pian) 鄂(e)中小片(pian)

湘北(bei)小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 湘西小(xiao)片(pian)(pian) 懷玉小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)

黔東小片(pian) 黎靖(jing)小片(pian) ---

桂柳(liu)片 湘南小片 桂北小片 黔南小片

川黔片

共141個(ge)縣(xian)市區，使用人口約10000萬人。分為三個(ge)小片。

1.成渝小片

主要分布在(zai)四川盆地(di)(di)(di)內部，包括四川省中部東部、重(zhong)慶市(shi)絕(jue)大部分、貴州黔(qian)西北地(di)(di)(di)區、云(yun)南滇東地(di)(di)(di)區，共105個縣市(shi)區。

四(si)川(chuan)省：安(an)岳(yue)(yue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、北(bei)川(chuan)羌(qiang)族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、成都市(shi)(shi)(shi)、達州市(shi)(shi)(shi)、大英縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大竹縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣漢(han)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、廣元市(shi)(shi)(shi)、華鎣(ying)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、簡(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、劍閣(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江油市(shi)(shi)(shi)、金堂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、開江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、閬中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、樂(le)至(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄰水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綿陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、綿竹市(shi)(shi)(shi)、南部(bu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南充(chong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、南江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蓬(peng)溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三臺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、射洪市(shi)(shi)(shi)、遂寧市(shi)(shi)(shi)、通江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、萬源(yuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、旺蒼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、溫江區、武(wu)勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西(xi)充(chong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣(xuan)漢(han)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽亭(ting)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、儀(yi)隴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、營山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳(yue)(yue)池縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、資陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、資中(zhong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梓潼縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶(qing)市(shi)：巴南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、北(bei)碚區(qu)(qu)(qu)、璧山區(qu)(qu)(qu)、長(chang)壽區(qu)(qu)(qu)、城口縣(xian)、大(da)渡口區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)足區(qu)(qu)(qu)、墊江縣(xian)、豐都縣(xian)、奉(feng)節縣(xian)、涪陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合川(chuan)(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、江北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、九(jiu)龍坡(po)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、開州區(qu)(qu)(qu)、梁(liang)平(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)岸區(qu)(qu)(qu)、南(nan)川(chuan)(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、彭水苗族(zu)(zu)土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)、黔江區(qu)(qu)(qu)、榮昌區(qu)(qu)(qu)、沙坪壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、石(shi)柱土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)、銅梁(liang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、潼南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬(wan)州區(qu)(qu)(qu)、巫山縣(xian)、巫溪(xi)縣(xian)、武隆區(qu)(qu)(qu)、秀山土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)、永川(chuan)(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、酉陽(yang)土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)、渝北(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、渝中區(qu)(qu)(qu)、云(yun)陽(yang)縣(xian)、忠縣(xian)。

貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)：畢(bi)節市(shi)、大方縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道真仡佬族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、赫(he)章縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黃平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江口縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)沙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、開陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、六盤水市(shi)、 納雍(yong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、黔西(xi)市(shi)、石阡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、水城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、松桃(tao)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、銅仁市(shi)、萬(wan)山區、息(xi)烽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、修文(wen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、織金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紫云(yun)苗(miao)族(zu)布依族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南(nan)省：大關縣(xian)、威信縣(xian)、彝良(liang)縣(xian)、永善(shan)縣(xian)、鎮雄(xiong)縣(xian)。

2.黔中小片

分布于貴陽以西(xi)的黔(qian)中、黔(qian)西(xi)北地區(qu)，廣西(xi)還有3個方言點也(ye)可畫(hua)入黔(qian)中小(xiao)片。共(gong)20個縣市區(qu)。

貴州省：安(an)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、安(an)順市(shi)(shi)、冊亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、關(guan)嶺布依族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、貴陽市(shi)(shi)、六枝特區、盤州市(shi)(shi)、平壩(ba)區、普安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、普定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、清鎮市(shi)(shi)、晴隆縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、望謨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、興仁市(shi)(shi)、興義市(shi)(shi)、貞豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮寧布依族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

廣西壯族自治區：樂業(ye)縣、隆林各族自治縣、凌(ling)云縣。

3.陜南小片

包括16個縣區。

陜西(xi)省：漢臺區(qu)、南(nan)鄭區(qu)、佛坪縣(xian)(xian)、嵐皋縣(xian)(xian)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)強縣(xian)(xian)、城固縣(xian)(xian)、漢陰縣(xian)(xian)、寧(ning)陜縣(xian)(xian)、石(shi)泉縣(xian)(xian)、鎮巴縣(xian)(xian)、鎮坪縣(xian)(xian)、紫陽縣(xian)(xian)、西(xi)鄉縣(xian)(xian)。

西蜀片

共82個(ge)縣(xian)市區，使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)口約4000萬人(ren)，分為(wei)3個(ge)小片。

1.岷赤小片

主要分布在岷江中下游(you)地(di)區和赤水河流域，還(huan)包括云南(nan)省的3個方(fang)(fang)言點(dian)和重慶(qing)市(shi)的兩個方(fang)(fang)言點(dian)，總數為62個縣(xian)市(shi)。

四川(chuan)省：長寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、崇州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都江(jiang)堰市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、峨(e)邊(bian)彝(yi)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨(e)眉山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、高縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、珙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、古藺(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、合江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、黑水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洪雅(ya)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、犍(jian)為(wei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、筠(yun)連縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、樂山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、瀘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、馬邊(bian)彝(yi)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、茂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、眉山市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、沐川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南溪區、彭(peng)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彭(peng)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、郫都區、屏山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒲江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、青神(shen)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、邛(qiong)崍(lai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、什邡市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙流區、松(song)潘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、汶(wen)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新津區、興(xing)文縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、敘永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜賓市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、敘州(zhou)區、滎經縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

重慶市(shi)：江津區、綦江區

貴州(zhou)省：赤水市(shi)、德江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳岡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湄潭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、仁(ren)懷市(shi)、思南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桐梓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甕安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、務川仡(ge)佬族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、習水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沿河土家族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、印江土家族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、余慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、正安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、遵義市(shi)、播(bo)州(zhou)區(qu)。

云南(nan)省：水(shui)富市、綏江縣、鹽津縣。

2.雅甘小片

包括12個縣市。

四川省：寶興縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹棱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘洛(luo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漢源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、夾(jia)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘆山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘(lu)定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、名山區、石棉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅(ya)安(an)市、冕寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.江貢小片

包括8個縣市。

四川省：富順縣(xian)、井研縣(xian)、隆昌市(shi)、內江市(shi)、仁壽縣(xian)、榮縣(xian)、威遠縣(xian)、自貢(gong)市(shi)。

川西片

共43個市縣(xian)，使用人口約600萬人。本片分布于四(si)川西部的涼山、甘孜、阿壩等(deng)3個少(shao)數民族自治州，還包(bao)括攀枝花市的一區(qu)兩(liang)縣(xian)。分為兩(liang)個小(xiao)片。

1.康藏小片

本小片的(de)兩(liang)南官話主要受藏語或羌語影響，分布于(yu)四川的(de)甘孜(zi)和阿壩兩(liang)州及涼山州的(de)木(mu)里(li)藏族自治縣，包(bao)括26個縣。

四川省：阿壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴(ba)塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、白玉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、丹(dan)巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、道孚(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、稻城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、得(de)榮縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、德格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甘(gan)孜縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、紅原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、金(jin)川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、九龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、康定市、理塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、爐(lu)霍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬爾康市、木(mu)里藏族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、壤塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、若爾蓋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、色達縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、石渠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄉城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、小金(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、新(xin)龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、雅江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。

2.涼山小片

本小片(pian)西南官話(hua)受(shou)彝語(yu)影響，分(fen)布(bu)于涼(liang)山州(zhou)和(he)攀枝花市，包(bao)括17個縣(xian)市。

四川省：布(bu)拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)理(li)市、金陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美姑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、米易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、攀枝(zhi)花市、普格(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌(chang)(chang)市、喜德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽邊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹽源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越(yue)西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺(jue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

云南片

共118個縣市，使用人口約4000萬人。分為3個小片。

1.滇中小片

共61個縣市。

云(yun)南省：安寧市、呈(cheng)貢區、澄江市、楚雄市、大理市、大姚縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、峨山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富(fu)民縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富(fu)源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、華坪(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會澤(ze)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江城(cheng)哈(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江川區、晉寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景洪市、昆明市、瀘西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、魯甸(dian)(dian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陸良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿豐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祿勸彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅(luo)平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、勐臘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)渡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彌(mi)勒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、墨(mo)江哈(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、牟定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南華縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南澗(jian)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧蒗(lang)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧洱(er)哈(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巧家縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、曲靖市、師宗(zong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、石林彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙柏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普洱(er)市、嵩明縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通(tong)海縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巍(wei)山彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、祥云(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新平彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宣威市、尋甸(dian)(dian)回族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、漾濞彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、姚安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜良(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、易(yi)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永仁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永勝(sheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉溪市、元江哈(ha)尼(ni)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、元謀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沾益縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭通(tong)市。

貴州省：威寧彝族(zu)回(hui)族(zu)苗族(zu)自治縣。

2.滇西小片

總計37個縣市。

云南省：保山市(shi)(shi)、賓川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、滄源佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昌寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德(de)欽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洱(er)源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、福貢縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、耿馬傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、貢山獨龍族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)怒族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴慶(qing)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、劍(jian)川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景東(dong)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、景谷傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蘭坪白(bai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)普米族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀾(lan)滄拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉龍納西族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、梁(liang)河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨滄市(shi)(shi)、龍陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、隴川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瀘水市(shi)(shi)、芒市(shi)(shi)、孟(meng)連傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、瑞(rui)麗市(shi)(shi)、施(shi)甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙江拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)布朗(lang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)傣(dai)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、騰沖市(shi)(shi)、維西傈僳族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西盟(meng)佤(wa)(wa)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、香格里拉(la)市(shi)(shi)、盈(ying)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永德(de)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云龍縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、云縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮康縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮沅彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)哈尼族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)拉(la)祜族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.滇南小片

總計20個縣市。

云(yun)南省：富寧縣(xian)(xian)、個(ge)舊市(shi)、廣南縣(xian)(xian)、河口瑤族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、紅(hong)河縣(xian)(xian)、建(jian)水縣(xian)(xian)、金平苗族(zu)瑤族(zu)傣族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、開遠市(shi)、綠春縣(xian)(xian)、麻栗(li)坡(po)縣(xian)(xian)、馬關(guan)縣(xian)(xian)、蒙自(zi)市(shi)、屏(ping)邊苗族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、丘北縣(xian)(xian)、石屏(ping)縣(xian)(xian)、文(wen)山(shan)市(shi)、西疇(chou)縣(xian)(xian)、硯山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、元陽縣(xian)(xian)；

廣西(xi)壯族自治區(qu)：西(xi)林(lin)縣。

湖廣片

共85個縣(xian)市，使用人口約5250萬人。可(ke)分(fen)成8個小片。

1.鄂北小片

共10個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：十堰市(shi)(shi)、襄陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)、丹江口市(shi)(shi)、房縣(xian)、谷城縣(xian)、老河口市(shi)(shi)、南漳縣(xian)、隨州市(shi)(shi)、隨縣(xian)、棗(zao)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)。

2.鄂西小片

共5個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：鄖(yun)西(xi)(xi)縣(xian)、竹(zhu)山縣(xian)、竹(zhu)溪縣(xian)；陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)：白河縣(xian)、平(ping)利縣(xian)。

3.鄂中小片

共33個縣市。

湖北省(sheng)：巴東縣(xian)(xian)、保康縣(xian)(xian)、長陽土家族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、當陽市(shi)、恩施(shi)市(shi)、建始縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)陵縣(xian)(xian)、荊門市(shi)、荊州市(shi)、來鳳縣(xian)(xian)、利川(chuan)市(shi)、潛江(jiang)市(shi)、沙洋縣(xian)(xian)、松滋市(shi)、五峰土家族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)、咸(xian)豐縣(xian)(xian)、興山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、宣(xuan)恩縣(xian)(xian)、宜(yi)昌市(shi)、宜(yi)城市(shi)、宜(yi)都(dou)市(shi)、遠(yuan)安縣(xian)(xian)、枝江(jiang)市(shi)、鐘祥市(shi)、秭(zi)歸(gui)縣(xian)(xian)、漢(han)川(chuan)市(shi)、京(jing)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、天門市(shi)、武漢(han)市(shi)、仙桃市(shi)；

湖(hu)南省(sheng)：龍山縣、桑(sang)植縣、張家界市。

4.湘北小片

共12個縣市。

湖南省：常(chang)德市、慈利縣(xian)、漢壽(shou)縣(xian)、津(jin)市市、澧縣(xian)、臨澧縣(xian)、石門縣(xian)、桃源縣(xian)；

湖北省(sheng)：鶴峰縣(xian)(xian)、石首(shou)市、公安縣(xian)(xian)、洪(hong)湖市。

5.湘西小片

共8個縣市。

湖南(nan)省(sheng)：保靖(jing)縣(xian)、鳳凰縣(xian)、古(gu)丈(zhang)縣(xian)、花垣縣(xian)、吉首市、麻陽苗族自治縣(xian)、永(yong)順(shun)縣(xian)、沅陵(ling)縣(xian)；

另：邵陽(yang)市(shi)區(qu)、邵東縣(xian)(xian)、新(xin)邵縣(xian)(xian)、邵陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)和(he)新(xin)寧縣(xian)(xian)話雖屬湘語，但(dan)接(jie)近西南官話。

6.懷玉小片

共6個縣市。

湖南(nan)省：懷化市(shi)、新晃(huang)侗族自治縣、芷江侗族自治縣、中方縣、洪江市(shi)；

貴州省(sheng)：玉屏侗(dong)族自治縣(xian)。

7.黔東小片

共10個縣。

貴(gui)州省：岑(cen)鞏縣(xian)、從江縣(xian)、劍河縣(xian)、錦屏(ping)縣(xian)、榕江縣(xian)、施秉縣(xian)、三(san)穗縣(xian)、臺江縣(xian)、天柱(zhu)縣(xian)、鎮遠縣(xian)。

8.黎靖小(xiao)片共3個縣。

湖南省(sheng)：靖(jing)州苗族侗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣、通道侗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣；貴州省(sheng)：黎平縣。

桂柳片

共75個縣市，1鎮，使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)口約(yue)3007萬人(ren)。可(ke)以分為3個小(xiao)片。

1.湘南小片

共14個縣市(shi)，1鎮。

湖南(nan)省：郴州市、道縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、嘉禾縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)華(hua)瑤族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)永縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、藍山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寧遠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雙牌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、新田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜章縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永州市；

廣東省:韶關市(shi)樂昌市(shi)坪(ping)石鎮。

2.桂北小片(pian)共46個縣(xian)。

廣西壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)：全州縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴馬(ma)瑤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、百(bai)色(se)市、賓(bin)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大化瑤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、德保縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、東(dong)蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、都安(an)瑤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鳳山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、富川瑤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、恭(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)瑤族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、桂(gui)(gui)林(lin)(lin)市、合山市、河池市、賀州市、環(huan)江毛南(nan)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、靖西市、來賓(bin)市、荔浦(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨桂(gui)(gui)區(qu)、靈川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、柳州市、龍勝各族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鹿寨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅城(cheng)(cheng)仫佬(lao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、馬(ma)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、那坡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)丹縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)果市、平(ping)樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、融水苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三江侗族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、上(shang)林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、田(tian)(tian)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武宣縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、象州縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、忻城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、陽朔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜州區(qu)、永福縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鐘(zhong)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

3.黔南小片

共15個縣市。

貴(gui)州省：丹寨縣(xian)(xian)、都勻市、獨山縣(xian)(xian)、福泉市、貴(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)、凱里市、雷山縣(xian)(xian)、荔波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)、龍(long)里縣(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)、麻江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)、平塘縣(xian)(xian)、三都水族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)；

廣(guang)西壯族自治(zhi)區：天(tian)峨縣。

界線

西(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話與中原官話的分界線是(shi)：淮(huai)河上游-桐(tong)柏山-南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)/駐馬店市界-牛頭店-鎮坪(ping)北-重(zhong)慶陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)界-正陽(yang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)-花(hua)里-嵐皋北-洞河-紫陽(yang)東-漢(han)王-漢(han)陰(yin)西(xi)-木王-鎮安(an)北-石甕-柞水(shui)東-營盤-廣貨街-佛坪(ping)西(xi)北-金水(shui)東-西(xi)鄉北-城固東-鳳縣南(nan)(nan)-勉(mian)縣北-略陽(yang)東北-陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)界-陽(yang)平關-甘(gan)肅(su)文縣碧口鎮以北-高川(chuan)(chuan)-五里壩-楊家(jia)河-大通江與陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)界交(jiao)叉處-陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)界-四川(chuan)(chuan)甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)界。

《中國語(yu)言地(di)圖集(ji)》把陜南(nan)(nan)的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)全(quan)部歸(gui)入(ru)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)。但陜南(nan)(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)存在明顯的(de)差異。東(dong)部安康地(di)區的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)與(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)鄂北小片(pian)(pian)相(xiang)似且有(you)共同的(de)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部漢中地(di)區的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)與(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)成都片(pian)(pian)相(xiang)似且有(you)共同的(de)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)。依(yi)照方言特點和(he)歷史來(lai)源(yuan)，陜南(nan)(nan)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩片(pian)(pian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)宜(yi)分別(bie)歸(gui)屬西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官(guan)(guan)話(hua)武天片(pian)(pian)和(he)成渝片(pian)(pian)。

漢陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：漢陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)，位于(yu)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)方言過渡帶，處于(yu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、中原官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、江淮(huai)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)三(san)大(da)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)交(jiao)界處，具有明顯的(de)方言融(rong)合特征，漢陰人(ren)的(de)移民主體為湖(hu)南(nan)人(ren)，其次是湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)人(ren)、河南(nan)人(ren)、廣(guang)東人(ren)等，因此在發音(yin)和(he)詞匯(hui)方面，有大(da)量(liang)的(de)湘語詞匯(hui)和(he)部分(fen)粵語詞匯(hui)，相對于(yu)鄰縣石泉縣，漢陰縣受(shou)四(si)川影(ying)響較石泉縣小，反(fan)之受(shou)湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)湖(hu)南(nan)影(ying)響較大(da)，因此漢陰話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)屬于(yu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)官(guan)話(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)哪個片(pian)的(de)問題(ti)很(hen)有爭議。

關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)，有(you)三四種說法，分(fen)兩(liang)派，一派認為(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中原官話(hua)秦隴片(pian)(pian)，一派認為(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)，但(dan)這一關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)哪(na)一片(pian)(pian)有(you)爭議(yi)，主流認為(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)成渝小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)，但(dan)是由于(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)和(he)石泉話(hua)有(you)明顯區別（在方言詞(ci)匯(hui)和(he)調值上，詞(ci)匯(hui)上和(he)湖(hu)南(nan)湖(hu)北交界(jie)的荊州(zhou)常德方言類(lei)似），石泉話(hua)是典型的成渝小(xiao)片(pian)(pian)，而漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)受湖(hu)北湖(hu)南(nan)影響較大，所以有(you)人認為(wei)漢(han)(han)陰(yin)話(hua)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)武天(tian)片(pian)(pian)或者常鶴片(pian)(pian)，直到新版(ban)方言集出版(ban)尚未有(you)定論(lun)。

生存危機

雖然說西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話被(bei)公認(ren)(ren)為(wei)全國方言(yan)較為(wei)強勢的(de)地(di)區，但事(shi)實(shi)上由于“推廣普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話”政策，西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話的(de)生存環境正受到(dao)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話的(de)強烈沖(chong)擊，有(you)學者認(ren)(ren)為(wei)長期以往(wang)，西(xi)(xi)南官(guan)話長遠(yuan)甚至有(you)完全被(bei)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)話取代的(de)可能。

一方(fang)(fang)面，以成都貴(gui)陽(yang)為首的(de)西(xi)南大城(cheng)市(shi)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)大有(you)被(bei)普通話取代的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)，由(you)(you)于(yu)推(tui)廣(guang)普通話，大城(cheng)市(shi)10后小孩(hai)很(hen)多已經不會講本(ben)地(di)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)；加上很(hen)多80后和90后年輕家長對(dui)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)消極態(tai)度，從而導致成都貴(gui)陽(yang)等(deng)大城(cheng)市(shi)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)的(de)逐漸式微。除此(ci)以外，昆明(ming)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)狀況也不容樂(le)觀，但(dan)由(you)(you)于(yu)使用人數(shu)偏少(shao)，因此(ci)貴(gui)陽(yang)和昆明(ming)比成都和重慶市(shi)區(qu)(qu)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)狀況更糟糕，也大有(you)被(bei)普通話取代的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)。

另一方(fang)面，西南官話(hua)外圍地(di)區(qu)的方(fang)言(yan)被(bei)普(pu)通話(hua)取代的趨勢(shi)也非常明(ming)顯。具體表(biao)現如下：

①陜西(xi)(xi)漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)主體方言原先本來(lai)屬于(yu)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)，但由于(yu)屬于(yu)陜西(xi)(xi)省，與西(xi)(xi)安(an)聯系(xi)更密切，再加上(shang)西(xi)(xi)安(an)普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)普(pu)及率比川(chuan)渝地區(qu)高，被普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)原官話(hua)(hua)大量替換；如今(jin)在漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)逐步(bu)淪(lun)落為小眾方言，漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)年輕人(ren)里(li)面(mian)如今(jin)會講(jiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)的(de)大幅度減少，更多的(de)都是(shi)講(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)原官話(hua)(hua)和(he)普(pu)通話(hua)(hua)。未來(lai)20年內，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)官話(hua)(hua)很有可能會在漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)被完全邊緣化(hua)。

②廣西桂(gui)柳話(hua)也屬于(yu)西南(nan)官話(hua)，十年前(qian)都還是廣西最強勢的(de)方言(yan)，但由于(yu)受到首府南(nan)寧(ning)(ning)和強制推普的(de)影響(xiang)，也逐(zhu)漸步入南(nan)寧(ning)(ning)白(bai)話(hua)的(de)后塵(chen)，被(bei)普通話(hua)大(da)量取代。

③湖北(bei)武漢話也屬(shu)于西南(nan)官話，但(dan)由于政治地位的(de)原(yuan)因，逐(zhu)步(bu)被普通(tong)話代(dai)替；西南(nan)官話湖廣片的(de)鄂北(bei)小(xiao)片也正逐(zhu)步(bu)被中原(yuan)官話同化甚至取(qu)代(dai)

④湖北(bei)宜昌話(hua)也屬于(yu)西南官話(hua)，但由(you)于(yu)受到武漢的影響(xiang)，被普通話(hua)取代的趨勢尤其明顯。

⑤湘西懷化也說(shuo)西南官(guan)話，但隨著普通話的推(tui)廣逐步消亡。

部分方言

福善巖上土話。

自(zi)貢(gong)話(hua)、懷(huai)德話(hua)、富順話(hua)。