英(ying)(ying)駐蕪領事(shi)(shi)署(shu)位于蕪湖(hu)市新蕪區范(fan)羅山(shan)(shan)。清光緒三(san)年(1877年),英(ying)(ying)國人在范(fan)羅山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)腰至山(shan)(shan)頂,陸續(xu)監造了3座西(xi)式二層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)房,均為券廊式磚(zhuan)木結構。其主(zhu)建筑(zhu)坐北朝(chao)南,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊25.38米,進深(shen)(shen)17.10米,高9.70米,建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積近900平方米。東、南、西(xi)三(san)面(mian)(mian)(mian)均有(you)(you)(you)深(shen)(shen)達3.5米的拱(gong)券回廊,廊柱挺拔,圓(yuan)券清秀,建筑(zhu)物下(xia)部為石(shi)砌(qi)基(ji)座,廊柱以(yi)優質紅磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)。四面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡頂采用(yong)深(shen)(shen)色瓦楞鐵(tie)皮屋面(mian)(mian)(mian),配以(yi)白色門廊石(shi)柱和(he)連(lian)續(xu)拱(gong)券,拱(gong)頂夾(jia)砌(qi)青磚(zhuan),色彩(cai)搭(da)配協(xie)調柔和(he)。南面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)入(ru)口,東西(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)次入(ru)口,大(da)樓(lou)(lou)之間(jian)(jian)為八(ba)角形大(da)廳(ting)(ting),大(da)廳(ting)(ting)兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)各有(you)(you)(you)2間(jian)(jian)辦公用(yong)房,每間(jian)(jian)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)壁爐。大(da)廳(ting)(ting)后(hou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)裝潢(huang)考究的三(san)折木樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti),通(tong)往(wang)二樓(lou)(lou)領事(shi)(shi)官用(yong)房。樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)平臺下(xia)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)口通(tong)往(wang)后(hou)院附(fu)屬(shu)用(yong)房,西(xi)北角另有(you)(you)(you)輔助樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)通(tong)往(wang)三(san)層(ceng)閣樓(lou)(lou),登此(ci),可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過6個老虎窗觀察四面(mian)(mian)(mian)八(ba)方。
第二(er)座為民(min)國(guo)初(chu)期建筑。 面向東南(nan),2層樓(lou),6開間,面闊34.4米(mi)(mi),進深13.5米(mi)(mi),層高3.5米(mi)(mi)。紅磚墻,外(wai)走廊,長方門(men),百(bai)葉窗,內有壁爐。
第三(san)座也是民國(guo)初期建筑,坐北朝南,2層樓,7開間,面寬20米(mi)(mi),進深17.2米(mi)(mi),層高3.5米(mi)(mi)。紅(hong)磚(zhuan)墻,外走廊(lang),拱券(quan)門,百葉窗(chuang)。
英駐(zhu)蕪領事(shi)署和(he)領事(shi)官邸(di)開創了蕪湖近(jin)代建(jian)筑(zhu)風氣(qi)之先。李艷天告訴(su)記者(zhe),此類西(xi)洋式建(jian)筑(zhu)在我省留(liu)存(cun)很少(shao),它(ta)延(yan)續了建(jian)筑(zhu)文化(hua)之脈(mo)絡,設(she)計(ji)中采用了中西(xi)建(jian)筑(zhu)文化(hua)共存(cun)的(de)手法,建(jian)筑(zhu)結構(gou)使用磚木混合(he)結構(gou)。精妙的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)技藝,耐(nai)久的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料和(he)經典建(jian)筑(zhu)形式,和(he)諧統一,是外來文化(hua)與本土文化(hua)碰撞的(de)產物。
清光緒二年(nian)(1876),根據(ju)《中(zhong)(zhong)英煙臺條約》,蕪(wu)湖(hu)被(bei)迫開埠,此后,英國(guo)人陸(lu)續(xu)在范羅(luo)山南(nan)坡(po)及(ji)附近(jin)的(de)(de)雨耕山上,依(yi)地勢建(jian)(jian)起四幢極具英倫風格的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑,供英國(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領(ling)(ling)事署(shu)及(ji)稅務(wu)司(si)使用(yong)。它(ta)們分別(bie)是建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1877年(nian)的(de)(de)英國(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領(ling)(ling)事署(shu)領(ling)(ling)事辦公樓、建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1887年(nian)的(de)(de)英國(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領(ling)(ling)事署(shu)官邸、建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1912年(nian)的(de)(de)總稅務(wu)司(si)辦公樓和建(jian)(jian)于(yu)民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)的(de)(de)洋(yang)(yang)員幫辦樓。這(zhe)其中(zhong)(zhong),英國(guo)駐(zhu)蕪(wu)領(ling)(ling)事署(shu)是蕪(wu)湖(hu)最早的(de)(de)近(jin)代西洋(yang)(yang)建(jian)(jian)筑,由英國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑設計師精心打造,無論(lun)外觀,還是內部設施都很精美,它(ta)也是早期(qi)一批西方(fang)列強(qiang)在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)興建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)使館(guan)建(jian)(jian)筑。
英駐蕪(wu)領事(shi)署(shu)辦公(gong)樓坐落于范(fan)羅山一處小山頭上,相對(dui)(dui)獨立(li)于附近其他(ta)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。這幢(chuang)辦公(gong)樓在(zai)(zai)這四幢(chuang)西(xi)洋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)設(she)(she)計得最為精美,做(zuo)工也最為講究(jiu),據說,它的設(she)(she)計圖紙和建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工程師均來自英國(guo)(guo)本土。無(wu)論是(shi)占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji),還是(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji),這座辦公(gong)樓都是(shi)四幢(chuang)西(xi)洋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)最大的。據《蕪(wu)湖百年(nian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)》介紹:“1877年(nian),英國(guo)(guo)政府在(zai)(zai)地勢高敞、林蔭如(ru)蓋的范(fan)羅山建(jian)(jian)造了領事(shi)署(shu)辦公(gong)樓。由英國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師設(she)(she)計,券(quan)廊式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。兩層磚木結(jie)構,坐北朝南,東西(xi)對(dui)(dui)稱。占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)466平(ping)方(fang)米,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1190平(ping)方(fang)米。東、西(xi)、南三(san)向設(she)(she)有(you)外廊,青石(shi)砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)露明基(ji)座,平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)方(fang)正,典雅大方(fang),是(shi)蕪(wu)湖最早(zao)的西(xi)洋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也是(shi)安徽省最早(zao)的外國(guo)(guo)領署(shu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”另據民國(guo)(guo)八年(nian)《灣沚區志》記載:“英領事(shi)署(shu)在(zai)(zai)范(fan)羅山。因(yin)《煙臺條約》,于光緒(xu)三(san)年(nian),由英國(guo)(guo)領事(shi)官建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新式樓房一座,四圍(wei)繞以(yi)垣(yuan)墻(qiang),以(yi)為領事(shi)官辦公(gong)之地。”