廣濟寺位于安(an)徽(hui)省蕪湖市赭(zhe)山西南(nan)麓。
唐(tang)乾寧年間(894—898)興建(jian)。唐(tang)光化(hua)年間(898—901)名(ming)永清(qing)寺。北(bei)宋大中祥符(fu)年間(1008—1023)改(gai)為(wei)今(jin)名(ming)。明景泰、清(qing)乾隆、嘉(jia)慶時(shi)曾加修(xiu)葺(qi),咸豐年間(1851—1908)重(zhong)建(jian)。
殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇依山(shan)(shan)構筑(zhu),自下而上(shang)有天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(又稱“山(shan)(shan)門”)、藥(yao)師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(又稱“大佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”)、地藏(zang)(zang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、廣(guang)濟寺塔,共有88級臺階,四重殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇從(cong)山(shan)(shan)腳下一直延(yan)伸到半山(shan)(shan)腰,后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)比(bi)前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)出數十(shi)米(mi)。整個(ge)建筑(zhu)金碧輝煌,氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)(xiong)偉(wei)。天王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)是(shi)十(shi)米(mi)多高(gao)(gao)的彌(mi)勒、韋馱像(xiang),兩(liang)側是(shi)哼哈兩(liang)金剛。藥(yao)師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供奉著(zhu)藥(yao)師佛(fo)(fo),藥(yao)師佛(fo)(fo)曾發(fa)十(shi)二大愿,醫(yi)治(zhi)眾生病苦,消災延(yan)壽。大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供奉著(zhu)三尊大佛(fo)(fo),左(zuo)右各有一尊配像(xiang),兩(liang)邊是(shi)十(shi)八(ba)羅(luo)漢(han)。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)寺內(nei)具特(te)色(se)的建筑(zhu),它仿照九(jiu)華(hua)山(shan)(shan)的肉身寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式樣建造(zao),正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供奉著(zhu)地藏(zang)(zang)菩薩像(xiang),高(gao)(gao)達12米(mi),十(shi)分(fen)莊嚴。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)一株銀杏古樹,為宋代所植(zhi),至今枝(zhi)繁(fan)葉茂。地藏(zang)(zang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西側,有一棟兩(liang)層閣樓“滴翠(cui)軒”,傳為宋朝書法家黃庭堅(jian)隱居讀書處,樓下墻上(shang)嵌著(zhu)許多碑刻。
公(gong)交:乘坐4、6、9、10、30、102路(lu)直達廣濟寺下(xia)車【4、6、10、30路(lu)空調車上車兩(liang)元,普通車上車一元9、102路(lu)上車一元】
相傳(chuan)唐開元七年(719年),24歲的新羅(luo)太子金(jin)喬覺云游中華(hua)抵蕪(wu)湖,先到褐(he)山,后到赭(zhe)山,曾在此開壇(tan)講經(jing)說(shuo)法3年,后定居九(jiu)華(hua),世稱(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)地藏(zang)。唐至(zhi)德(de)二年(757年),唐肅宗為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)華(hua)行宮頒(ban)赤砂金(jin)印一枚,重(zhong)八斤八兩,印紐(niu)飾(shi)以九(jiu)龍(long)戲珠,刻陽文“地藏(zang)利成方印”,另刻有“唐至(zhi)德(de)二年”字樣(yang)。舊時(shi)凡(fan)朝九(jiu)華(hua)山者,必(bi)先于此尊請“地藏(zang)利成金(jin)印”之后再去九(jiu)華(hua)山,故其又有“小(xiao)九(jiu)華(hua)”之稱(cheng)(cheng),為(wei)(wei)佛(fo)(fo)教朝拜(bai)圣(sheng)地,歷來(lai)香火旺盛。廣濟寺(si)與普濟寺(si)、能(neng)仁寺(si)、吉祥(xiang)寺(si)并(bing)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)蕪(wu)湖四大名(ming)寺(si),而以廣濟寺(si)為(wei)(wei)首。1983年,該寺(si)被國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)確立為(wei)(wei)漢傳(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)教全國(guo)重(zhong)點寺(si)院(yuan)。
坐落于(yu)“九華行宮(gong)”后院赭塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(廣濟寺塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta))為醒目。該(gai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)建于(yu)北宋治平二(er)年(1065年),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)高(gao)五層,飛(fei)檐鐵馬(ma),八面玲瓏(long),每層外(wai)墻嵌著佛像磚雕。傳說大風(feng)曾將塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)(ding)吹落,雨(yu)漏(lou)不止,一日突然飛(fei)來一口大鍋扣在塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)(ding),從(cong)此不再漏(lou)雨(yu)。“赭塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)晴嵐”為蕪湖(hu)古代八景之首。被贊譽為“尺幅(fu)綻紅蕭(xiao)寺嵌,松竹陰中孤塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)白。”
赭山兀立在蕪(wu)湖市區西北(bei)部,海拔86米,山上(shang)翠柏修篁(huang),蔥郁成林,花(hua)木(mu)吐(tu)芬,“右控(kong)長江,舳艫(lu)連云,俯瞰(kan)城(cheng)廊(lang),歷歷如繪”,自古以來是蕪(wu)湖登高攬勝(sheng)的處所。蕪(wu)湖廣濟寺(si)國(guo)家四(si)A級(ji)旅游景區,蕪(wu)湖市文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
公元719年(nian),昔日新羅國(今朝鮮)王(wang)子(zi)金(jin)喬覺渡海來(lai)中國,順長江而上(shang)到蕪(wu)湖(hu)棄船(chuan)上(shang)岸,在(zai)蕪(wu)湖(hu)赭山(shan)南麓(lu)結茅住錫(今廣濟寺)數年(nian),后(hou)南去(qu)九華(hua)山(shan)。苦行僧金(jin)喬覺的精神感(gan)動信仰佛教的唐(tang)肅宗(zong)皇帝(di),為此于757年(nian)頒八(ba)(ba)斤八(ba)(ba)兩九龍(long)背紐金(jin)印(yin)一(yi)枚(mei)賜(si)(si)給(gei)金(jin)喬覺,并賜(si)(si)名金(jin)地藏。金(jin)印(yin)風風雨(yu)雨(yu)在(zai)廣濟寺一(yi)千(qian)多年(nian)。
1938年(nian)蕪湖淪陷,駐軍廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺附(fu)近的日寇,得(de)知金印(yin)(yin)之事,于當(dang)年(nian)年(nian)底派一隊全(quan)(quan)副武裝的日本(ben)兵闖入(ru)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺,把廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺全(quan)(quan)部僧人集(ji)中在大殿前(qian),用(yong)刺刀(dao)抵(di)著當(dang)家和尚昌(chang)明要他把金印(yin)(yin)拿出來,昌(chang)明法(fa)師及全(quan)(quan)部僧人不(bu)顧(gu)死亡的威脅,齊聲念(nian)佛,絕不(bu)承認金印(yin)(yin),日寇搜遍(bian)全(quan)(quan)寺也沒找到(dao)金印(yin)(yin),只得(de)悻悻而(er)去(qu)。其實,在蕪湖淪陷之前(qian),廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺當(dang)家和尚就(jiu)把金印(yin)(yin)藏(zang)到(dao)了安全(quan)(quan)的地方。廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)寺的僧眾(zhong)用(yong)生(sheng)命保住了這件一千多年(nian)的歷(li)史(shi)文物(wu)。
解(jie)放戰爭(zheng)期間,國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)為維持反(fan)動(dong)統治發動(dong)內戰,國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)軍駐蕪湖八十(shi)八師(shi)523團,要把團部設在(zai)廣(guang)濟(ji)寺新建的西洋式、取名(ming)(ming)為滴(di)翠軒二(er)層茶樓里,并且(qie)要利用該面對(dui)長江而(er)居高的地(di)(di)形修筑(zhu)碉(diao)堡(bao),早已看不慣國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)反(fan)動(dong)統治的新任住(zhu)持自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)和(he)尚(shang),用各(ge)種(zhong)原(yuan)因堅決不讓(rang)國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)軍進(jin)(jin)駐寺院(yuan)(yuan)和(he)修筑(zhu)碉(diao)堡(bao),因此(ci),當時的政府羅(luo)織了(le)罪名(ming)(ming)把自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)和(he)尚(shang)投入了(le)監(jian)獄,強(qiang)行把軍隊(dui)駐進(jin)(jin)寺院(yuan)(yuan)并且(qie)修筑(zhu)碉(diao)堡(bao)(該碉(diao)堡(bao)于九十(shi)年(nian)代拆除(chu))。兩年(nian)后自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)和(he)尚(shang)出(chu)獄回(hui)到(dao)廣(guang)濟(ji)寺,自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)和(he)尚(shang)并沒有(you)被投入監(jian)獄而(er)嚇倒(dao),主動(dong)和(he)共(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)合作。解(jie)放前夕國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)反(fan)動(dong)派(pai)加緊追(zhui)捕共(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)人,1949年(nian)初有(you)一名(ming)(ming)被追(zhui)捕的地(di)(di)下黨(dang)(dang)人逃(tao)到(dao)廣(guang)濟(ji)寺,自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)和(he)尚(shang)不顧個(ge)人安(an)(an)(an)危,毫不猶(you)豫將這名(ming)(ming)地(di)(di)下黨(dang)(dang)人藏到(dao)滴(di)翠軒二(er)層樓上,一段時間后把這名(ming)(ming)共(gong)產黨(dang)(dang)人安(an)(an)(an)全地(di)(di)送過長江。
1949年蕪湖解放,新中國百廢待(dai)興,廣濟寺(si)僧眾在自安和尚的(de)帶(dai)領(ling)下積極參與(yu)蕪湖市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)建設。之前蕪湖市(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)學校很少(shao),再加(jia)上(shang)貧(pin)窮,許多人不能上(shang)學,自安和尚深(shen)知文化的(de)重要,發動蕪湖市(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)寺(si)院拿出(chu)了全部的(de)香火錢,資(zi)助辦起了蕪湖市(shi)(shi)(shi)赭麓小學(即現在的(de)蕪湖市(shi)(shi)(shi)赭麓小學)。
1951年抗美援朝開始,時(shi)任蕪(wu)湖市佛教協會(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)長的(de)廣濟寺自安(an)法師(shi),積(ji)極投身(shen)抗美援朝的(de)活動中,發動全市佛教界的(de)四(si)眾(zhong)弟子為支(zhi)援抗美援朝捐(juan)款捐(juan)物。
2004年印度(du)洋(yang)海嘯、2008年我國四(si)川(chuan)特(te)大地(di)震(zhen),蕪(wu)湖廣濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)舉行了(le)祈禱大法會,廣濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)以(yi)及廣濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)的(de)僧眾捐款達數(shu)十萬元,通過蕪(wu)湖市紅十字會轉交(jiao)災區人民。
如(ru)今安徽省(sheng)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)副(fu)會(hui)長(chang)、蕪湖市(shi)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)會(hui)長(chang)、廣濟寺方丈仁煜法師(shi)仍繼(ji)承寺院祖(zu)師(shi)的遺志,愛國(guo)愛教(jiao)(jiao),秉承“莊嚴國(guo)土(tu)、利樂有(you)情(qing)”的佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)傳統,帶領廣大(da)信教(jiao)(jiao)群眾為扶(fu)貧(pin)濟困、助殘幫學、重大(da)工程(cheng)、抗災救災繼(ji)續貢獻著力量,每年為社會(hui)捐(juan)款捐(juan)物(wu)近10萬元。
2006年(nian)8月(yue)被(bei)國家確定為四A旅游景區;2009年(nian)6月(yue)被(bei)授(shou)予安徽省“和(he)諧寺(si)廟”;2009年(nian)11月(yue)被(bei)授(shou)予蕪湖市(shi)“慈(ci)善獎”;2010年(nian)12月(yue)被(bei)授(shou)予蕪湖市(shi)“和(he)諧寺(si)廟”。