芒果视频下载

陵區建筑

清永(yong)陵(ling)是中國(guo)現存規模較大，體系較完整的封建(jian)帝后(hou)陵(ling)寢(qin)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)。整體建(jian)筑(zhu)由陵(ling)前參(can)拜(bai)(bai)道(dao)、下(xia)馬石碑(bei)、前院、方城、寶(bao)城、省牲(sheng)所(suo)等(deng)(deng)幾部分組成。陵(ling)前參(can)拜(bai)(bai)道(dao)南(nan)(nan)北長840米，以黃(huang)沙鋪墊。參(can)拜(bai)(bai)道(dao)南(nan)(nan)北兩端之左右各(ge)立下(xia)馬石碑(bei)一(yi)甬(yong)。碑(bei)陽(yang)豎(shu)書(shu)陽(yang)刻漢(han)、滿(man)、蒙、回、藏五體“諸王以下(xia)官(guan)員人等(deng)(deng)至此下(xia)馬”文(wen)字。 參(can)拜(bai)(bai)道(dao)中央原有一(yi)座小橋名玉帶橋。

陵墓特色

柵欄門：清(qing)帝陵(ling)寢(qin)的(de)前宮門傳統(tong)上是單檐仿木(mu)(mu)架結構歇山式琉璃瓦頂磚(zhuan)砌三拱形洞(dong)門。門洞(dong)內二扇(shan)對開木(mu)(mu)板門。而永(yong)陵(ling)的(de)門戶以六扇(shan)木(mu)(mu)柵欄門啟(qi)閉，既可謂一特。

四祖碑亭：清帝(di)陵寢(qin)皆有神功圣德(de)碑以樹碑立傳，但一般皆是一座（康熙陵除外），唯(wei)永陵前(qian)院(yuan)中一字排開，并列四座。且每(mei)座碑亭前(qian)后辟門，與傳統(tong)的(de)四面(mian)辟門也不(bu)相同。傳統(tong)的(de)功德(de)碑亭檐(yan)下(xia)沒有斗(dou)拱(gong)。而永陵四碑樓卻鋪作三翹七棲(qi)斗(dou)拱(gong)，可謂二特。

石雕坐(zuo)龍(long)：龍(long)作為(wei)封(feng)建社會“天子”的(de)象(xiang)征，在皇宮、在帝寢無處不(bu)有。但有坐(zuo)龍(long)雕飾的(de)唯永陵所僅見，可謂三特。

彩陶龍(long)(long)壁：清帝諸陵無(wu)論(lun)在隆恩門二側或正紅門二翼皆有彩色(se)琉璃龍(long)(long)壁。唯永陵龍(long)(long)壁不是(shi)琉璃材質(zhi)而是(shi)陶制燒造外飾彩色(se)，是(shi)為四特。

磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)燎爐(lu)：永(yong)陵(ling)方城內的燎爐(lu)即焚帛(bo)爐(lu)為(wei)(wei)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦砌(qi)筑，與福、昭陵(ling)的漢白玉燎爐(lu)及(ji)清(qing)東陵(ling)、清(qing)西陵(ling)的琉璃燎爐(lu)不(bu)同，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)五特。

單墻(qiang)(qiang)方(fang)城(cheng)：清帝諸陵中方(fang)城(cheng)皆(jie)為(wei)城(cheng)堡式。墻(qiang)(qiang)體寬厚，上置(zhi)雉堞女墻(qiang)(qiang)，官兵(bing)可(ke)在墻(qiang)(qiang)上往來行走，永陵方(fang)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)僅是(shi)窄的單墻(qiang)(qiang)上覆脊瓦(wa)，此為(wei)永陵六特。

單(dan)檐(yan)(yan)城(cheng)門：永陵方城(cheng)之啟運門為(wei)單(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇山式(shi)建筑，這與傳統(tong)方城(cheng)重檐(yan)(yan)式(shi)隆恩(en)門不(bu)同(tong)，是為(wei)七特。

“日(ri)”、“月”龍(long)吻(wen)：清帝諸陵(ling)享殿大脊(ji)的兩(liang)端(duan)均為(wei)(wei)鴟(chi)吻(wen)，唯永陵(ling)享殿大脊(ji)的兩(liang)端(duan)是龍(long)吻(wen)。尤(you)為(wei)(wei)獨特的是，在(zai)龍(long)吻(wen)側劍(jian)把(ba)上，分別透雕“日(ri)”、“月”二字(zi)。日(ri)字(zi)在(zai)左，月字(zi)在(zai)右，日(ri)字(zi)與月字(zi)合則為(wei)(wei)“明”字(zi)。將“明”字(zi)分開置于大脊(ji)兩(liang)端(duan)則有破明（朝）之意。此(ci)為(wei)(wei)八特。

君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)(gong)陵(ling)：自(zi)古(gu)以來帝王陵(ling)寢只能葬帝王一人(ren)及(ji)其(qi)后(hou)妃(fei)，絕無祖(zu)孫君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)(gong)一陵(ling)的先例(li)。唯有永陵(ling)寶城(cheng)內(nei)是(shi)祖(zu)孫共(gong)(gong)城(cheng)，君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)一陵(ling)。自(zi)猛特木至塔克世(shi)為(wei)(wei)六世(shi)四(si)輩(bei)人(ren)，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)祖(zu)孫同一寶城(cheng)。君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)(gong)為(wei)(wei)一陵(ling)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)永陵(ling)九特。

交通信息

永陵(ling)坐落(luo)在呼(hu)蘭哈達（滿(man)語(yu)，漢譯煙筒山(shan)）下，蘇(su)(su)克(ke)素滸畢拉（滿(man)語(yu)，漢譯魚鷹河，今稱蘇(su)(su)子河）北(bei)岸。尼雅滿(man)山(shan)崗（今稱啟(qi)運山(shan)）南(nan)麓。東距縣(xian)城22公(gong)(gong)里(li)，距永陵(ling)鎮2公(gong)(gong)里(li)。東南(nan)距興京(jing)故城赫圖(tu)阿拉約(yue)5公(gong)(gong)里(li)，西距夏元(yuan)行宮約(yue)3公(gong)(gong)里(li)。南(nan)新公(gong)(gong)路于陵(ling)前通(tong)過，交(jiao)通(tong)方(fang)便(bian)。

東(dong)南(nan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)在清永(yong)(yong)陵(ling)前(qian)840米處通(tong)(tong)過，沈通(tong)(tong)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)距(ju)清永(yong)(yong)陵(ling)南(nan)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，沈通(tong)(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)距(ju)清永(yong)(yong)陵(ling)東(dong)南(nan)5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。西(xi)距(ju)沈吉(ji)鐵路(lu)(lu)線南(nan)雜木站55公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。西(xi)距(ju)撫(fu)順市(shi)(shi)(shi)103公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)沈陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)149公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)沈陽桃仙機場154公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；南(nan)距(ju)大連港512公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)本溪(xi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)129公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；東(dong)距(ju)新賓滿族自治(zhi)縣城23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)吉(ji)林通(tong)(tong)化市(shi)(shi)(shi)126公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；東(dong)南(nan)距(ju)世(shi)界文化遺產桓仁五女(nv)山城95公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)丹東(dong)市(shi)(shi)(shi)312公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。