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陵區建筑

清永陵是中(zhong)國現存(cun)規模較(jiao)(jiao)大，體系較(jiao)(jiao)完(wan)整的封(feng)建(jian)帝后陵寢建(jian)筑(zhu)群。整體建(jian)筑(zhu)由陵前(qian)參(can)拜道(dao)、下(xia)馬石(shi)碑(bei)、前(qian)院、方(fang)城、寶城、省牲(sheng)所等(deng)幾(ji)部(bu)分組成。陵前(qian)參(can)拜道(dao)南北長(chang)840米，以(yi)黃沙鋪墊。參(can)拜道(dao)南北兩端之左右各立下(xia)馬石(shi)碑(bei)一(yi)甬。碑(bei)陽豎書陽刻漢、滿、蒙、回、藏五體“諸王(wang)以(yi)下(xia)官員人等(deng)至此下(xia)馬”文字(zi)。 參(can)拜道(dao)中(zhong)央原有一(yi)座小橋名玉(yu)帶橋。

陵墓特色

柵欄(lan)門(men)：清帝陵寢的前(qian)宮(gong)門(men)傳統上是單檐仿木(mu)架(jia)結構歇山(shan)式琉璃(li)瓦頂磚砌三拱形洞門(men)。門(men)洞內(nei)二扇(shan)對開木(mu)板(ban)門(men)。而永陵的門(men)戶(hu)以六(liu)扇(shan)木(mu)柵欄(lan)門(men)啟閉，既可謂一(yi)特。

四(si)祖碑亭：清帝(di)陵寢皆(jie)有(you)神功(gong)圣德(de)碑以樹碑立傳，但一(yi)般皆(jie)是一(yi)座(zuo)（康熙陵除外(wai)），唯永(yong)(yong)陵前院中一(yi)字排開，并(bing)列四(si)座(zuo)。且每座(zuo)碑亭前后辟門，與(yu)傳統的四(si)面(mian)辟門也不相同。傳統的功(gong)德(de)碑亭檐(yan)下沒有(you)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)。而(er)永(yong)(yong)陵四(si)碑樓卻鋪作三翹七棲斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)，可謂二特。

石雕坐龍：龍作(zuo)為封建(jian)社會“天子”的象征，在(zai)皇(huang)宮、在(zai)帝寢無處(chu)不有。但有坐龍雕飾(shi)的唯永(yong)陵所(suo)僅見，可(ke)謂(wei)三特。

彩(cai)(cai)陶(tao)龍(long)壁(bi)：清帝諸陵無論(lun)在隆恩門二側或正紅門二翼皆有彩(cai)(cai)色琉璃龍(long)壁(bi)。唯永陵龍(long)壁(bi)不是(shi)琉璃材質(zhi)而是(shi)陶(tao)制(zhi)燒造外(wai)飾(shi)彩(cai)(cai)色，是(shi)為四特。

磚砌(qi)燎(liao)爐(lu)：永陵(ling)方城內(nei)的(de)(de)燎(liao)爐(lu)即焚帛爐(lu)為(wei)青磚瓦(wa)砌(qi)筑，與福(fu)、昭(zhao)陵(ling)的(de)(de)漢白(bai)玉燎(liao)爐(lu)及清(qing)東陵(ling)、清(qing)西(xi)陵(ling)的(de)(de)琉璃燎(liao)爐(lu)不同，是為(wei)五特。

單墻方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)：清帝諸(zhu)陵中方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)皆為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)堡式(shi)。墻體(ti)寬厚，上置雉(zhi)堞女墻，官兵可在墻上往來行走，永陵方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)墻僅(jin)是窄的(de)單墻上覆(fu)脊瓦，此為(wei)永陵六特。

單檐城門(men)(men)：永陵方城之啟運(yun)門(men)(men)為(wei)單檐歇山式建(jian)筑(zhu)，這與(yu)傳統方城重檐式隆恩門(men)(men)不同(tong)，是為(wei)七特。

“日(ri)”、“月(yue)”龍吻：清帝諸(zhu)陵(ling)享(xiang)殿(dian)大(da)脊的兩(liang)端(duan)均為鴟(chi)吻，唯永陵(ling)享(xiang)殿(dian)大(da)脊的兩(liang)端(duan)是龍吻。尤(you)為獨特的是，在(zai)龍吻側劍把上，分別透雕“日(ri)”、“月(yue)”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)。日(ri)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)左，月(yue)字(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)右，日(ri)字(zi)(zi)(zi)與(yu)月(yue)字(zi)(zi)(zi)合則(ze)為“明”字(zi)(zi)(zi)。將“明”字(zi)(zi)(zi)分開置于(yu)大(da)脊兩(liang)端(duan)則(ze)有破明（朝(chao)）之意。此為八特。

君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)陵(ling)：自(zi)古以來(lai)帝王陵(ling)寢只能葬帝王一人(ren)及其后妃，絕(jue)無祖孫君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)一陵(ling)的先例。唯有(you)永陵(ling)寶(bao)城內是(shi)祖孫共(gong)城，君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)一陵(ling)。自(zi)猛特(te)木至塔克世為六世四(si)輩人(ren)，是(shi)為祖孫同一寶(bao)城。君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)共(gong)為一陵(ling)是(shi)為永陵(ling)九特(te)。

交通信息

永(yong)陵(ling)坐落在呼(hu)蘭哈達（滿語(yu)(yu)，漢(han)譯(yi)煙(yan)筒(tong)山）下，蘇克素滸(hu)畢拉（滿語(yu)(yu)，漢(han)譯(yi)魚鷹(ying)河(he)(he)，今(jin)稱(cheng)蘇子河(he)(he)）北(bei)岸。尼雅(ya)滿山崗（今(jin)稱(cheng)啟(qi)運山）南(nan)(nan)麓。東距(ju)縣城(cheng)22公里(li)，距(ju)永(yong)陵(ling)鎮(zhen)2公里(li)。東南(nan)(nan)距(ju)興(xing)京故城(cheng)赫(he)圖(tu)阿(a)拉約5公里(li)，西距(ju)夏(xia)元(yuan)行宮(gong)約3公里(li)。南(nan)(nan)新(xin)公路于陵(ling)前通(tong)過，交通(tong)方(fang)便。

東南公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路在清(qing)永(yong)陵前840米處通(tong)(tong)過，沈(shen)通(tong)(tong)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路距清(qing)永(yong)陵南2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，沈(shen)通(tong)(tong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路距清(qing)永(yong)陵東南5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。西距沈(shen)吉鐵(tie)路線南雜木站55公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。西距撫順(shun)市(shi)103公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距沈(shen)陽(yang)市(shi)149公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距沈(shen)陽(yang)桃仙機(ji)場154公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；南距大連(lian)港512公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距本溪(xi)市(shi)129公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；東距新賓滿族自治縣城23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距吉林(lin)通(tong)(tong)化市(shi)126公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)；東南距世界(jie)文化遺產桓仁五女(nv)山城95公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，距丹東市(shi)312公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。