發展歷史
隋(sui)大業七年(公元(yuan)611年),東漢(han)的潼關(guan),遷(qian)于南北連城(cheng)關(guan)間的坑獸檻(jian)谷(今港口鎮(zhen)禁溝口附(fu)近)。隋(sui)亡后,唐朝(chao)仍在此設防(fang)約(yue)八十年。 唐天授二(er)年(公元(yuan)691年),再資助遷(qian)關(guan),移近黃河(即今港口鎮(zhen)的舊城(cheng)址),建有(you)關(guan)樓,城(cheng)外(wai)開挖塹溝。
明代,潼(tong)關為軍(jun)事治(zhi)所,設(she)潼(tong)關衛,城池空前(qian)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)。洪(hong)武(wu)九年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1376年(nian)(nian))對前(qian)朝關城向南(nan)、向西(xi)(xi)作了(le)大(da)(da)(da)規模的擴(kuo)建。東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)三面(mian)由板筑而成,城高 約16米,南(nan)與東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)一隅,是順山勢(shi)之(zhi)高下(xia),削成垛口,高達30多米,城池周長(chang)11.2公(gong)里。這就把(ba)麒(qi)麟(lin)山、鳳(feng)凰(huang)山、象山、印臺山、筆架山等(deng)囊括于城中。建有六處(chu)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men):東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名“金陡”;西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)名“懷(huai)遠(yuan)”;南(nan)有上南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、下(xia)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men);北(bei)(bei)(bei)有大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和小北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)和大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)建有高大(da)(da)(da)城樓(lou)。建文二年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1400年(nian)(nian))及宣(xuan)德年(nian)(nian)間(公(gong)元(yuan)1512年(nian)(nian))給(gei)水關建了(le)樓(lou)。嘉(jia)靖十八年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1539年(nian)(nian)),又修(xiu)(xiu)建了(le)兩個重(zhong)(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。萬九年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian))又作了(le)大(da)(da)(da)規模的重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),給(gei)這些建筑物命(ming)了(le)名:東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“迎恩”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)甕城叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“占(zhan)紫(zi)處(chu)”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)郭門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“天險”;西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)仍沿(yan)用“懷(huai)遠(yuan)”,西(xi)(xi)甕城樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)觀亭”,西(xi)(xi)郭門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“地(di)維”;上南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“凌(ling)云”,下(xia)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“迎熏(xun)”;大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“吸洪(hong)”,小北(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“俯晉”,北(bei)(bei)(bei)水關樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)“鎮河”。取(qu)名古雅,寓意深(shen)長(chang)。
清(qing)朝二百多年(nian),仍(reng)在明(ming)代(dai)潼關城(cheng)地(di)設防(fang),城(cheng)池規模一(yi)依(yi)明(ming)朝,但進行了(le)多次復修,并有所新(xin)建(jian)。乾隆(long)五十三年(nian)(公元1788年(nian)),約下(xia)臨黃河的北面(mian)土(tu)城(cheng)墻約2400多米砌了(le)磚,并興(xing)建(jian)了(le)南(nan)、北水關樓(lou)(lou),復修了(le)各大(da)建(jian)筑物。依(yi)然有六個城(cheng)門(men)(men)。東、西(xi)門(men)(men)的樓(lou)(lou)名仍(reng)沿(yan)其舊。東門(men)(men)有正樓(lou)(lou)五間(jian),箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)三間(jian),西(xi)門(men)(men)有正樓(lou)(lou)、箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)各七間(jian)。大(da)北門(men)(men)改名“鎮河”,小(xiao)北門(men)(men)改名“拱級”,下(xia)南(nan)門(men)(men)改名“鳳”,上(shang)南(nan)門(men)(men)改名“麟游”。南(nan)水關有閘樓(lou)(lou)七間(jian),北水關有閘樓(lou)(lou)九間(jian),規模宏大(da),映照(zhao)山川,潼水穿而而過,中經橫跨東西(xi)的石橋,宛如長虹(hong),復波往(wang)來(lai),引人入勝。后來(lai)又給東、西(xi)兩面(mian)的土(tu)城(cheng)墻俱砌了(le)磚,雄(xiong)偉可觀。
明清(qing)的(de)潼關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi),除城(cheng)(cheng)墻上的(de)宏大建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而外(wai),在(zai)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)內外(wai),山上山下,還建(jian)有(you)(you)30多(duo)外(wai)庵堂寺為廟(miao)以(yi)及木石牌坊,這些(xie)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物,雕梁畫棟,飛檐疊嶂,,古色古香,構筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)精美。到了清(qing)代,潼關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)育賢(xian)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、帥(shuai)府街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、四(si)牌坊街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、牌樓(lou)南街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、牌樓(lou)北街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、府部(bu)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、縣門(men)通街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、下南門(men)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)西關(guan)大街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)等,縱橫排列(lie),50多(duo)條巷道(dao),起(qi)伏密布。在(zai)這座不大的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)內,有(you)(you)如此這多(duo)的(de)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、巷和(he)古代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其繁華程度是可以(yi)想見(jian)的(de)。