發展歷史
隋(sui)大業七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(公元611年(nian)(nian)),東漢的(de)潼(tong)關,遷于南(nan)北連城(cheng)(cheng)關間的(de)坑獸檻谷(今港(gang)口鎮(zhen)禁溝口附(fu)近)。隋(sui)亡后,唐(tang)(tang)朝仍在此(ci)設防約八十年(nian)(nian)。 唐(tang)(tang)天授(shou)二年(nian)(nian)(公元691年(nian)(nian)),再資助遷關,移近黃河(即今港(gang)口鎮(zhen)的(de)舊(jiu)城(cheng)(cheng)址),建(jian)有關樓,城(cheng)(cheng)外開挖塹溝。
明代,潼(tong)關為軍(jun)事治所,設潼(tong)關衛,城(cheng)(cheng)池空(kong)前擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)。洪武九(jiu)年(nian)(公(gong)元1376年(nian))對前朝關城(cheng)(cheng)向南(nan)、向西作了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)、西、北(bei)三面由(you)板(ban)筑(zhu)而成,城(cheng)(cheng)高(gao) 約16米,南(nan)與(yu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)一隅(yu),是(shi)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢之高(gao)下(xia),削成垛口,高(gao)達30多米,城(cheng)(cheng)池周長(chang)11.2公(gong)里(li)。這就把(ba)麒麟(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)、象(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、印臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)、筆(bi)架山(shan)(shan)(shan)等囊(nang)括于城(cheng)(cheng)中。建(jian)(jian)有六處(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men):東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)名(ming)“金陡”;西門(men)(men)(men)名(ming)“懷遠”;南(nan)有上(shang)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)、下(xia)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men);北(bei)有大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)(dong)、西門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)有高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)。建(jian)(jian)文二年(nian)(公(gong)元1400年(nian))及(ji)宣(xuan)德年(nian)間(公(gong)元1512年(nian))給水(shui)(shui)關建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)樓(lou)(lou)。嘉靖(jing)十(shi)八年(nian)(公(gong)元1539年(nian)),又(you)(you)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)兩個重門(men)(men)(men)。萬九(jiu)年(nian)(公(gong)元1601年(nian))又(you)(you)作了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)規模的(de)重修(xiu),給這些建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物命了(le)(le)(le)名(ming):東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎(ying)恩”,東(dong)(dong)甕城(cheng)(cheng)叫(jiao)(jiao)“占紫處(chu)”,東(dong)(dong)郭(guo)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“天險”;西門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)仍沿用(yong)“懷遠”,西甕城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)(da)觀亭”,西郭(guo)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“地維”;上(shang)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“凌(ling)云”,下(xia)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎(ying)熏”;大(da)(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“吸洪”,小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“俯晉”,北(bei)水(shui)(shui)關樓(lou)(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“鎮河(he)”。取(qu)名(ming)古雅(ya),寓(yu)意深長(chang)。
清朝(chao)二百多年(nian),仍在明(ming)代潼關(guan)(guan)城地設防,城池規模(mo)一依明(ming)朝(chao),但進(jin)行了多次復(fu)修,并有(you)所新建。乾隆(long)五(wu)十三年(nian)(公元1788年(nian)),約下臨黃河的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)面土(tu)城墻(qiang)約2400多米砌了磚(zhuan),并興(xing)建了南(nan)、北(bei)(bei)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)樓,復(fu)修了各大(da)建筑物。依然有(you)六個城門(men)(men)。東、西門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)樓名仍沿其舊。東門(men)(men)有(you)正(zheng)樓五(wu)間(jian),箭樓三間(jian),西門(men)(men)有(you)正(zheng)樓、箭樓各七(qi)間(jian)。大(da)北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)改(gai)(gai)名“鎮河”,小(xiao)北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)改(gai)(gai)名“拱級”,下南(nan)門(men)(men)改(gai)(gai)名“鳳”,上(shang)南(nan)門(men)(men)改(gai)(gai)名“麟游”。南(nan)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)有(you)閘(zha)樓七(qi)間(jian),北(bei)(bei)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)有(you)閘(zha)樓九(jiu)間(jian),規模(mo)宏大(da),映照山川,潼水(shui)穿而而過,中經橫跨東西的(de)(de)(de)石橋,宛如長虹,復(fu)波往來(lai),引人(ren)入勝。后(hou)來(lai)又給東、西兩(liang)面的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)城墻(qiang)俱(ju)砌了磚(zhuan),雄偉(wei)可(ke)觀。
明(ming)清的(de)(de)潼關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,除城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻上的(de)(de)宏大建筑而外(wai)(wai),在關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外(wai)(wai),山(shan)上山(shan)下(xia),還建有(you)30多外(wai)(wai)庵堂(tang)寺為廟以(yi)(yi)及(ji)木石牌(pai)坊,這些古建筑物(wu),雕梁畫棟,飛檐疊嶂,,古色古香,構筑精(jing)美。到了清代(dai),潼關城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)街(jie)道主要有(you)育賢街(jie)、帥府街(jie)、四牌(pai)坊街(jie)、牌(pai)樓(lou)南街(jie)、牌(pai)樓(lou)北(bei)街(jie)、府部街(jie)、縣門通街(jie)、下(xia)南門街(jie)和(he)西關大街(jie)等,縱橫排列,50多條(tiao)巷(xiang)道,起伏(fu)密(mi)布。在這座不大的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池內(nei),有(you)如此(ci)這多的(de)(de)街(jie)、巷(xiang)和(he)古代(dai)建筑,其繁華程(cheng)度是(shi)可以(yi)(yi)想見的(de)(de)。