發展歷史
隋大業七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)611年(nian)(nian)(nian)),東漢的潼關(guan)(guan),遷于南(nan)北連城關(guan)(guan)間的坑(keng)獸(shou)檻谷(今港口(kou)鎮禁溝(gou)口(kou)附近(jin))。隋亡后,唐朝仍在此設防約八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)。 唐天(tian)授二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)691年(nian)(nian)(nian)),再資助(zhu)遷關(guan)(guan),移近(jin)黃河(即今港口(kou)鎮的舊(jiu)城址),建有關(guan)(guan)樓,城外開挖塹(qian)溝(gou)。
明代,潼關(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)軍(jun)事治(zhi)所(suo),設潼關(guan)(guan)(guan)衛,城(cheng)池空(kong)前擴(kuo)大(da)(da)。洪(hong)武九年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1376年(nian))對前朝關(guan)(guan)(guan)城(cheng)向南(nan)(nan)、向西作(zuo)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)規模的(de)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)、西、北(bei)三(san)面由板(ban)筑(zhu)而成,城(cheng)高 約16米,南(nan)(nan)與東(dong)南(nan)(nan)一隅,是順山勢(shi)之高下(xia)(xia),削成垛口(kou),高達(da)30多米,城(cheng)池周長(chang)11.2公(gong)里。這就(jiu)把麒麟山、鳳凰山、象山、印臺山、筆架(jia)山等囊括于城(cheng)中(zhong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)六(liu)處城(cheng)門(men)(men)(men):東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)名“金陡(dou)”;西門(men)(men)(men)名“懷遠”;南(nan)(nan)有(you)上南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)、下(xia)(xia)南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men);北(bei)有(you)大(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)。東(dong)、西門(men)(men)(men)和(he)大(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)高大(da)(da)城(cheng)樓(lou)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)文二(er)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1400年(nian))及(ji)宣(xuan)德年(nian)間(jian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1512年(nian))給(gei)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)樓(lou)。嘉(jia)靖十八(ba)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1539年(nian)),又(you)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)兩(liang)個重門(men)(men)(men)。萬九年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1601年(nian))又(you)作(zuo)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)規模的(de)重修,給(gei)這些建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物命了(le)(le)名:東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎恩”,東(dong)甕(weng)城(cheng)叫(jiao)(jiao)“占紫處”,東(dong)郭門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“天險”;西門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)仍沿(yan)用“懷遠”,西甕(weng)城(cheng)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“大(da)(da)觀(guan)亭”,西郭門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“地維”;上南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“凌云”,下(xia)(xia)南(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“迎熏”;大(da)(da)北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“吸(xi)洪(hong)”,小北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)叫(jiao)(jiao)“俯晉(jin)”,北(bei)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)樓(lou)叫(jiao)(jiao)“鎮河”。取名古(gu)雅,寓意(yi)深(shen)長(chang)。
清朝二百多(duo)年(nian),仍在明(ming)代潼關(guan)城(cheng)地設防(fang),城(cheng)池規(gui)模一依明(ming)朝,但進行(xing)了(le)多(duo)次復(fu)(fu)修,并(bing)有(you)(you)所新建。乾隆五(wu)十三年(nian)(公元(yuan)1788年(nian)),約下臨黃(huang)河(he)的(de)北面(mian)土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)約2400多(duo)米砌(qi)了(le)磚,并(bing)興建了(le)南(nan)、北水關(guan)樓(lou),復(fu)(fu)修了(le)各大(da)建筑物。依然有(you)(you)六個城(cheng)門(men)。東(dong)、西門(men)的(de)樓(lou)名仍沿其舊。東(dong)門(men)有(you)(you)正樓(lou)五(wu)間(jian),箭樓(lou)三間(jian),西門(men)有(you)(you)正樓(lou)、箭樓(lou)各七(qi)間(jian)。大(da)北門(men)改名“鎮河(he)”,小北門(men)改名“拱級(ji)”,下南(nan)門(men)改名“鳳(feng)”,上南(nan)門(men)改名“麟游”。南(nan)水關(guan)有(you)(you)閘樓(lou)七(qi)間(jian),北水關(guan)有(you)(you)閘樓(lou)九(jiu)間(jian),規(gui)模宏大(da),映照山川,潼水穿而而過,中經橫跨東(dong)西的(de)石橋,宛如(ru)長虹,復(fu)(fu)波往來(lai)(lai),引人入勝。后來(lai)(lai)又給東(dong)、西兩面(mian)的(de)土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)俱砌(qi)了(le)磚,雄偉可觀。
明清的(de)潼(tong)關(guan)城(cheng)池,除城(cheng)墻上的(de)宏大建(jian)筑(zhu)而(er)外(wai),在關(guan)城(cheng)內(nei)外(wai),山(shan)上山(shan)下,還(huan)建(jian)有(you)(you)30多(duo)外(wai)庵(an)堂寺為(wei)廟以(yi)及木石牌坊,這(zhe)些(xie)古建(jian)筑(zhu)物,雕梁畫棟,飛檐疊嶂,,古色古香,構筑(zhu)精美(mei)。到了清代(dai),潼(tong)關(guan)城(cheng)內(nei)的(de)街(jie)道主要(yao)有(you)(you)育賢街(jie)、帥府街(jie)、四牌坊街(jie)、牌樓(lou)南街(jie)、牌樓(lou)北(bei)街(jie)、府部街(jie)、縣門(men)通街(jie)、下南門(men)街(jie)和西關(guan)大街(jie)等,縱(zong)橫排列,50多(duo)條巷(xiang)道,起(qi)伏密布(bu)。在這(zhe)座(zuo)不大的(de)城(cheng)池內(nei),有(you)(you)如此這(zhe)多(duo)的(de)街(jie)、巷(xiang)和古代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu),其繁華程度是可以(yi)想(xiang)見的(de)。