青荷藕(ou)(ou)表皮藕(ou)(ou)銹(xiu)少、白嫩、光澤(ze)度好,肉質(zhi)細膩、清脆(cui)爽口(kou)、甘甜無渣(zha);黃熟藕(ou)(ou)淀粉(fen)含量高,熟食粉(fen)糯香甜。
長興縣地質構(gou)造復雜,境(jing)內(nei)地層從(cong)志留系(xi)(除(chu)三系(xi))至第四系(xi)均有(you)出露。呂山鄉(xiang)位于長興縣東南部(bu)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)?區,為浙北低山丘陵(ling)向太(tai)湖西岸(an)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)過(guo)渡的(de)區域,地勢東低西高,屬水網平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)地貌,全鄉(xiang)總面積3850公頃,下轄9個行政(zheng)村,耕地1758公頃,塘面459公頃,桑地288公頃,物產豐富(fu),素有(you)“魚(yu)米之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,也是久(jiu)負盛名的(de)“水產之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)、蠶桑之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。
胥倉(cang)雪藕(ou)農產品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍為:長興縣呂山鄉,轄呂山、楊(yang)吳、呂虹(hong)、土斗門、雁陶、金(jin)村(cun)、南楊(yang)、胥倉(cang)、龍溪(xi)9個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun)。地(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)為東經119°53′7.61″~119°57′52.93″,北緯30°52′8.28″~30°56′6.65″間(jian)。保護(hu)區域(yu)面積(ji)3850公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中蓮藕(ou)面積(ji)267公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),年產量6000噸。
青荷藕(ou)(ou)表皮藕(ou)(ou)銹少(shao)、白(bai)嫩、光澤(ze)度好,肉質(zhi)細膩、清脆爽(shuang)口、甘甜無渣(zha);黃熟藕(ou)(ou)淀粉含量高,熟食(shi)粉糯(nuo)香甜。青荷藕(ou)(ou)淀粉含量大于(yu)(yu)(yu)1.0 g/100g,總(zong)糖含量大于(yu)(yu)(yu)3.0g/100g,粗纖(xian)維含量小于(yu)(yu)(yu)1%,氨基酸(suan)總(zong)量大于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.6%。生產、貯運(yun)、銷售過程中,應(ying)嚴格執行“雙塘(tang)雪藕(ou)(ou)栽培技(ji)術(shu)規程”浙(zhe)江(jiang)省湖州市地方標準,確保產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全,并做好生產、銷售等相關記錄。
胥(xu)倉雪藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)栽(zai)培的環境(jing)技術條(tiao)件應(ying)符合(he)(he)NY/T5010要(yao)求(qiu)。選擇水(shui)源充足、水(shui)流緩(huan)慢、漲(zhang)落平穩、排灌便利、保水(shui)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)、保肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)性(xing)(xing)強的藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘,耕作層(ceng)深度≥40cm,pH值5.5~7.5。品(pin)種選擇:胥(xu)倉雪藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)品(pin)種為‘浙湖一號’、‘飄花’、‘鄂蓮6號’。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間:清明前(qian)后(hou)日平均(jun)氣溫升到(dao)13℃左右時(shi)開始(shi)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘準備(bei):種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)1~2天耖耙,平整(zheng)土壤。一般(ban)魚(yu)塘種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蓮藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)第一年可不施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),新(xin)開塘、連作藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘施(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料作基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每畝施(shi)用(yong)(yong)腐熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1500kg~2000kg和(he)(he)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30kg~50kg。種藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)選擇:選用(yong)(yong)頂芽完(wan)(wan)整(zheng),具有(you)(you)(you)2~3個(ge)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)節(jie)、無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban),無機械損傷的子藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)作種藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法:排種前(qian)保持(chi)淺(qian)(qian)水(shui)3cm~5cm,斜(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深度10cm~20cm,藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)頭向下呈(cheng)20°~30°傾斜(xie)(xie),后(hou)節(jie)略翹(qiao)起。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度:因(yin)栽(zai)培條(tiao)件和(he)(he)品(pin)種而(er)異。早熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)種宜密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),中晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)種宜稀。一般(ban)行株距1.5m×1.5m,每穴栽(zai)1支或2支。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管理:立葉(xie)抽生初(chu)期(qi),每畝施(shi)尿(niao)素10kg~15kg;結(jie)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)初(chu)期(qi),每畝施(shi)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg~30kg。封行前(qian),保持(chi)淺(qian)(qian)水(shui)10cm~15cm,提高(gao)土溫,促進萌(meng)發;隨著氣溫升高(gao),蓮藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)發生分枝、出(chu)現立葉(xie),逐漸加深水(shui)位至(zhi)20cm~35cm;展葉(xie)后(hou)至(zhi)結(jie)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)前(qian),水(shui)位加深至(zhi)80cm;結(jie)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)時(shi)水(shui)位適當放淺(qian)(qian),促進蓮藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)膨大。采(cai)收:宜在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)形成2~3個(ge)膨大藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)節(jie)時(shi)開始(shi)采(cai)收嫩藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),葉(xie)片黃(huang)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)采(cai)收老(lao)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),一直可采(cai)收到(dao)翌(yi)年春季萌(meng)芽前(qian)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong):主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)有(you)(you)(you)褐斑(ban)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、腐敗病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)害(hai)蟲(chong)有(you)(you)(you)蓮縊管蚜(ya)、斜(xie)(xie)紋夜(ye)蛾(e)、福壽螺等。防(fang)治原則:遵循“預(yu)防(fang)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治”的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保方針,優(you)先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治、物(wu)理防(fang)治、生物(wu)防(fang)治,科學使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效低毒(du)低殘(can)留化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)種藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),及時(shi)清園消毒(du),合(he)(he)理輪作,選用(yong)(yong)無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)種藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)等。殺蟲(chong)燈誘(you)(you)(you)殺:用(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)燈誘(you)(you)(you)殺斜(xie)(xie)紋夜(ye)蛾(e)等害(hai)蟲(chong)。性(xing)(xing)誘(you)(you)(you)劑誘(you)(you)(you)捕(bu):將斜(xie)(xie)紋夜(ye)蛾(e)性(xing)(xing)信(xin)息素(性(xing)(xing)誘(you)(you)(you)劑)放置(zhi)(zhi)于誘(you)(you)(you)捕(bu)器中,誘(you)(you)(you)捕(bu)器懸掛在植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株上方25cm~30cm處,每畝放置(zhi)(zhi)誘(you)(you)(you)捕(bu)器1~2個(ge)。藥(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)治:農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)應(ying)符合(he)(he)GB/T8321、NY/T1276要(yao)求(qiu)。優(you)先使(shi)用(yong)(yong)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),輪換選用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效、低毒(du)、低殘(can)留的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao),禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)國家(jia)明令禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)高(gao)毒(du)、劇毒(du)、高(gao)殘(can)留的農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。