“銅(tong)山金杏”果(guo)實圓形(xing),平(ping)均單(dan)果(guo)重65g,果(guo)頂平(ping),縫合線淺(qian)、不明顯;果(guo)面光亮,底色金黃、有紅暈;果(guo)肉橙黃色、有香氣,肉質鮮嫩、味甜(tian)微酸,汁多爽口、纖維少,離核,可食率(lv)高。
銅山(shan)(shan)金(jin)杏的地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍位于徐州市銅山(shan)(shan)區伊莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)冠(guan)山(shan)(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、倪園村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙圩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、伊莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、呂梁林場(chang)(chang)、洪山(shan)(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、呂梁村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白(bai)塔村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、盧套村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、馬集村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、迷(mi)馬村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);張集鎮(zhen)(zhen)所轄(xia)鄧樓村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);漢王鎮(zhen)(zhen)所轄(xia)漢王村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)沿村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、班(ban)井村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);柳泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)所轄(xia)西相(xiang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官路村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),共計16個村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、1場(chang)(chang)部,地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經117°04′42"~117°32′56",北緯34°09′16"~34°12′28"之間。生(sheng)產面(mian)積約(yue)800公頃,年產量10000噸。
銅山(shan)金杏的(de)地(di)(di)域保護范圍位于(yu)徐(xu)州市銅山(shan)區伊(yi)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)冠山(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、倪園村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、趙圩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、伊(yi)莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、呂梁林場、洪(hong)山(shan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、呂梁村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白塔(ta)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、盧套村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、馬集村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、迷馬村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);張集鎮(zhen)所轄鄧樓村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);漢王鎮(zhen)所轄漢王村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東沿村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、班井(jing)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);柳泉鎮(zhen)所轄西相村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、官(guan)路村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),共計(ji)16個(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、1場部,地(di)(di)理坐標為東經117°04′42"~117°32′56",北(bei)緯34°09′16"~34°12′28"之間(jian)。生(sheng)產(chan)面積約800公頃,年產(chan)量(liang)10000噸。
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點:銅山金杏的(de)生(sheng)產地域內(nei)屬暖溫帶半濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),四季分明,夏無酷暑,冬(dong)無嚴寒。光、熱、水配合(he)較好。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)太陽(yang)輻射總量119.4千(qian)卡/平方厘米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫14℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數為2284小時(shi)~2495小時(shi),日照(zhao)率52%~57%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均無霜(shuang)期200天~220天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均降水量800毫米~930毫米,金杏生(sheng)長期間(jian)的(de)降水量占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量的(de)80%以(yi)上。
水(shui)文條件:銅山(shan)金杏生長(chang)主要(yao)依靠天(tian)然降雨,生長(chang)期降水(shui)量(liang)的(de)720毫米以(yi)上(shang),且夏季雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,春秋(qiu)降雨量(liang)偏少,非常適(shi)宜金杏生長(chang)發育、光合作用物質積累與轉(zhuan)化(hua)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。境內有(you)山(shan)泉(quan)分布,且屬大運河(he)水(shui)系,灌溉(gai)條件較好,水(shui)質優。
地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao):徐州市銅山區主(zhu)要由平原(yuan)和丘陵崗(gang)地(di)(di)兩部(bu)分組成(cheng)。地(di)(di)勢東(dong)(dong)高西低(di),由東(dong)(dong)向西呈波浪(lang)起伏地(di)(di)形,地(di)(di)形開闊。銅山金杏(xing)生(sheng)產區域地(di)(di)處該區東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)低(di)山丘陵邊緣地(di)(di)帶(dai),主(zhu)要分布在山體下部(bu)及(ji)與平原(yuan)結合部(bu),平均海拔70米。
土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)質:銅山金(jin)杏產地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為石灰巖母(mu)質發育的山黃土(tu)、山淤土(tu),質地(di)中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)至(zhi)粘(zhan)壤(rang)(rang),土(tu)層深厚,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥沃(wo),pH值(zhi)6.8~7.6,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質0.9~1.5%。
人文歷史情況:銅(tong)山金杏(xing)(xing)(xing),底色金黃(huang),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉橙黃(huang)色,當地(di)俗(su)稱“金杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”或(huo)“麥黃(huang)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”。銅(tong)山金杏(xing)(xing)(xing)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)歷史悠久,據乾隆《銅(tong)山縣(xian)志》卷(juan)二記(ji)載(zai),當時(shi)民間(jian)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)就有桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、梨、李(li)(li)、棗(zao)、梅、柿(shi)、粟、核桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、櫻桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、杏(xing)(xing)(xing)、石榴、葡萄、紅花、沙果(guo)(guo)(guo)、海棠、銀杏(xing)(xing)(xing)、羊棗(zao)、地(di)棗(zao)等(deng)20多個種類;《江蘇(su)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)志(中(zhong)卷(juan))》(1993年)記(ji)載(zai):“據清道光年(1830年)《銅(tong)山縣(xian)志》卷(juan)四記(ji)載(zai),果(guo)(guo)(guo)屬中(zhong)將杏(xing)(xing)(xing)排在第(di)四位(wei),即桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、李(li)(li)、柰、杏(xing)(xing)(xing)、梨、棗(zao)、梅……說明清代杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)在銅(tong)山果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)中(zhong)已經占有一定地(di)位(wei)。”;《銅(tong)山縣(xian)志》(1993)記(ji)載(zai),《江蘇(su)省鄉土志》中(zhong):“民國時(shi)期桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、棗(zao)、梨、粟、白果(guo)(guo)(guo)、杏(xing)(xing)(xing)、李(li)(li)、柿(shi)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)產量均居全省各縣(xian)前列。”。蘇(su)軾在彭城做太守(shou)時(shi),曾作詩敘徐州的(de)(de)(de)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)花:“一色杏(xing)(xing)(xing)花三十里,新郎(lang)君去馬如飛。”,從此,徐州的(de)(de)(de)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)花和金杏(xing)(xing)(xing)便名(ming)氣日隆。
外在感官(guan)特(te)征:“銅(tong)山金杏”果實圓形,平均單果重(zhong)65g,果頂平,縫合線(xian)淺、不(bu)明顯;果面光亮(liang),底色金黃、有紅(hong)暈;果肉橙黃色、有香氣,肉質鮮嫩、味(wei)甜微酸,汁多爽口、纖維少,離核(he),可(ke)(ke)食率高。內在品(pin)質指標:可(ke)(ke)溶性固(gu)形物(wu)≥12%,可(ke)(ke)滴定酸≤2g/100g,水分(fen)≥90g/100g,維生素C≥4mg/100g。安(an)(an)全(quan)要求(qiu):安(an)(an)全(quan)要求(qiu)符合《食品(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)系列(lie)國家標準(zhun)》。