從前,齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)對很(hen)(hen)要好的(de)(de)(de)朋友,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫(jiao)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),另外(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)叫(jiao)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。年輕(qing)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)里(li)很(hen)(hen)窮(qiong),又(you)要奉養(yang)母(mu)親,鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)知(zhi)道(dao)了(le),就(jiu)(jiu)找管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起投(tou)資做(zuo)生意。做(zuo)生意的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou),因(yin)為(wei)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有錢(qian),所以本錢(qian)幾乎都是(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)拿(na)出來(lai)投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de),可是(shi),當(dang)賺了(le)錢(qian)以后,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卻拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)比鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)還多,鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)仆人看了(le)就(jiu)(jiu)說(shuo):這個(ge)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真奇怪,本錢(qian)拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)們主人少,分錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)卻拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)們主人還多!鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)卻對仆人說(shuo):不可以這么說(shuo)!管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家(jia)里(li)窮(qiong)又(you)要奉養(yang)母(mu)親,多拿(na)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點沒有關系的(de)(de)(de)。有一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起去(qu)打(da)仗,每次進攻的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都躲在最后面,大(da)家(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)罵管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo):管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)貪生怕死(si)的(de)(de)(de)人!鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)馬上替(ti)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)話:你們誤會管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了(le),他(ta)不是(shi)怕死(si),他(ta)得留著(zhu)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)命去(qu)照顧老母(mu)親呀!管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聽到(dao)之后說(shuo):生我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)父母(mu),了(le)解我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)人可是(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)呀!后來(lai),齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王死(si)掉了(le),大(da)王子(zi)(zi)諸當(dang)上了(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王,諸每天吃喝玩樂不做(zuo)事,鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)預感齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定會發生內亂(luan),就(jiu)(jiu)帶(dai)著(zhu)小王子(zi)(zi)小白逃(tao)(tao)到(dao)莒國(guo)(guo)(guo),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則帶(dai)著(zhu)小王子(zi)(zi)糾逃(tao)(tao)到(dao)魯國(guo)(guo)(guo)。
不(bu)久之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),大(da)王(wang)子諸(zhu)被人殺(sha)死(si),齊國(guo)真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生了(le)內亂,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)想殺(sha)掉小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai),讓糾能順利當(dang)(dang)(dang)上(shang)國(guo)王(wang),可(ke)惜管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)暗(an)算小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,把箭射偏了(le),小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)沒死(si),后(hou)(hou)來(lai),鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)和小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)比(bi)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和糾還(huan)早回(hui)到齊國(guo),小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)就(jiu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)上(shang)了(le)齊國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)王(wang)。小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)上(shang)國(guo)王(wang)以后(hou)(hou),決(jue)定封鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)為(wei)宰相,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)卻對小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)說(shuo):管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各方面(mian)都比(bi)我(wo)(wo)強,應(ying)該請(qing)(qing)他(ta)(ta)來(lai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)宰相才(cai)對呀!小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)一(yi)聽(ting):管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要殺(sha)我(wo)(wo),他(ta)(ta)是我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仇人,你居然叫(jiao)我(wo)(wo)請(qing)(qing)他(ta)(ta)來(lai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)宰相!鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)卻說(shuo):這不(bu)能怪他(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)是為(wei)了(le)幫他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主人糾才(cai)這么(me)做(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)呀!小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)聽(ting)了(le)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)牙(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua),請(qing)(qing)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)回(hui)來(lai)當(dang)(dang)(dang)宰相,而(er)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幫小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)把齊國(guo)治理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)常好(hao)呢!后(hou)(hou)來(lai),大(da)家(jia)在(zai)稱贊朋友之(zhi)間有很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)友誼時,就(jiu)會說(shuo)他(ta)(ta)們(men)是“管(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)(bao)之(zhi)交”。
管鮑之交:指春秋時(shi)齊人管仲(zhong)和(he)鮑叔牙相知最深,后常比喻交情深厚的朋友。
成語(yu)出(chu)自《史記·管(guan)仲傳》:“少時常與(yu)鮑叔(shu)牙游(you);鮑叔(shu)知其賢。管(guan)仲貧苦;常欺鮑叔(shu);鮑叔(shu)終善遇之;不(bu)以為言,管(guan)仲曰:生(sheng)我者(zhe)父母(mu);知我者(zhe)鮑子也(ye)。”
管鮑之(zhi)交,偏正式;作(zuo)賓語;含褒義。
近義詞:生死之交。
反義詞:點頭之交。
管鮑之交一直被譽為交友的最高境界,成為被歷代傳誦的佳話。可見真正的朋友應當患難與共,為了國家的利益能不計個人得失同心協力。就像桓公不計較私仇,任用管仲終成霸業,其使賢任能之舉,也對后人產生了積極的影響。不(bu)計較個人(ren)(ren)私(si)利,有(you)(you)寬以待人(ren)(ren)的胸懷,有(you)(you)至真(zhen)至誠、甘愿吃(chi)虧的精神;在同事有(you)(you)某種(zhong)過失或對不(bu)住自(zi)己(ji)時,不(bu)惡意相諷,而善意相諱,同時又不(bu)為小人(ren)(ren)讒言而左右;能(neng)像(xiang)管(guan)(guan)仲那樣,在公事國事上盡職盡責,在原則(ze)問題上不(bu)以恩報(bao)德,不(bu)私(si)其(qi)友,剛(gang)正不(bu)阿;如果互相之間都(dou)能(neng)夠情同管(guan)(guan)鮑,多(duo)一(yi)些(xie)理解,多(duo)一(yi)點(dian)真(zhen)誠,那么我們(men)前(qian)進道(dao)路上的困難(nan)就(jiu)會少一(yi)些(xie)。
管仲,春秋時齊國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)治(zhi),名(ming)夷吾,字仲(zhong)(zhong),亦(yi)稱管(guan)敬仲(zhong)(zhong)。據說他(ta)早年經營商(shang)業,后從事(shi)政(zheng)治(zhi)活動。在齊國(guo)(guo)公子(zi)(zi)小白(即(ji)齊桓公)與(yu)公子(zi)(zi)糾爭(zheng)奪君位(wei)的(de)斗爭(zheng)中(zhong),管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)曾支持公子(zi)(zi)糾。小白取得君位(wei)后,不計前嫌,重用管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong);管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)輔佐齊桓公,施行(xing)改革。在政(zheng)治(zhi)上(shang),他(ta)推行(xing)國(guo)(guo)、野分(fen)治(zhi)的(de)參國(guo)(guo)伍鄙之制,即(ji)由君主、二世卿分(fen)管(guan)齊國(guo)(guo),并在國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)設立各級(ji)軍事(shi)組織,規定士、農、工(gong)、商(shang)各行(xing)其業;在經濟上(shang),實行(xing)租稅改革,對井田“相地(di)而衰征”(見先秦租稅),并采(cai)取了若干有利于農業、手工(gong)業發展(zhan)的(de)政(zheng)策。
鮑叔牙又(you)稱鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)、鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)子(zi)(約前723或前716~公(gong)(gong)元前644年),是鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)敬叔(shu)的(de)兒子(zi),春秋時(shi)齊國大(da)夫,以知人著稱。少時(shi)與管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)友善,曾一起經商。齊襄公(gong)(gong)亂(luan)政(zheng),鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)隨公(gong)(gong)子(zi)小白(bai)出奔至莒國,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則隨公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾(jiu)出奔魯國。齊襄公(gong)(gong)被殺,糾(jiu)和小白(bai)爭奪(duo)君位(wei),小白(bai)得勝(sheng)即位(wei),即齊桓公(gong)(gong)。桓公(gong)(gong)囚管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)知道(dao)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之賢,舉(ju)薦(jian)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)替代自己(ji)的(de)職位(wei),而自己(ji)則甘居于(yu)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之下,齊國因為管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)治理而日漸(jian)強盛(sheng),被時(shi)人譽(yu)為“管(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)之交”、“鮑(bao)(bao)(bao)子(zi)遺風(feng)”。