以(yi)蓮花(hua)(hua)或蓮瓣作為器(qi)(qi)物之(zhi)(zhi)紋飾及造型,隨(sui)佛教之(zhi)(zhi)傳入而盛行,爾(er)后更取其出(chu)泥不染之(zhi)(zhi)習(xi)性,寓(yu)意(yi)廉潔,廣為各類器(qi)(qi)所采用。該(gai)器(qi)(qi)狀似未盛開蓮花(hua)(hua),線條溫柔婉約,高雅清麗。原器(qi)(qi)應(ying)與一執壺配套,為一溫酒(jiu)用器(qi)(qi),晚唐至宋(song)所常見。
汝(ru)窯(yao)曾為宮(gong)中(zhong)用器(qi),因采覆燒(shao)的(de)方式(shi),故口有(you)缺(que)陷,因而有(you)“宮(gong)中(zhong)命汝(ru)州燒(shao)造青瓷”之舉(ju),汝(ru)窯(yao)之入選(xuan),支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燒(shao)滿釉應是原(yuan)因之一。支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燒(shao)另一用處為防(fang)止器(qi)底塌陷,汝(ru)窯(yao)所用支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)釘(ding)(ding)細(xi)小,所留(liu)釘(ding)(ding)痕(hen)狀似芝(zhi)麻,器(qi)底五支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)釘(ding)(ding)痕(hen)即是,也就是俗稱的(de)“芝(zhi)麻釘(ding)(ding)”。釉面細(xi)碎(sui)紋路,更有(you)“蟹爪(zhua)痕(hen)”之美名(ming)。 蓮(lian)花溫(wen)碗,以其典雅造型,溫(wen)柔不透明釉色,在(zai)傳世(shi)不多之汝(ru)窯(yao)器(qi)中(zhong),更顯(xian)珍(zhen)貴。
汝(ru)窯(yao)(yao)是(shi)宋代“五(wu)大(da)(da)名(ming)窯(yao)(yao)”之(zhi)一(yi),為(wei)冠絕古今(jin)之(zhi)中國(guo)瓷(ci)器(qi)名(ming)窯(yao)(yao)。窯(yao)(yao)址在(zai)(zai)今(jin)河南省寶豐縣(xian)清涼寺及汝(ru)州文廟張公巷附近,宋時(shi)屬(shu)汝(ru)州,故名(ming)。汝(ru)窯(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)燒(shao)制(zhi)青(qing)釉(you)瓷(ci)器(qi)著稱(cheng),宋人葉寘在(zai)(zai)《坦齋筆衡》中記載:“本朝以(yi)(yi)定州白瓷(ci)器(qi)有(you)芒不堪(kan)用,遂命汝(ru)州造青(qing)窯(yao)(yao)器(qi),故河北唐(tang)、鄧、耀州悉有(you)之(zhi),汝(ru)州為(wei)魁。”可見汝(ru)窯(yao)(yao)是(shi)繼定窯(yao)(yao)之(zhi)后為(wei)宮(gong)廷(ting)燒(shao)制(zhi)貢瓷(ci)的(de)(de)窯(yao)(yao)場。其器(qi)物多(duo)仿青(qing)銅器(qi)及玉器(qi)造型,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)出戟尊(zun)、玉壺春瓶(ping)、膽式瓶(ping)、樽、洗。胎體細(xi)潔如(ru)香灰色(se),多(duo)為(wei)裹足支燒(shao),器(qi)物底部留有(you)細(xi)小的(de)(de)支釘痕跡。釉(you)色(se)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)天(tian)青(qing)、天(tian)藍(lan)、淡粉、粉青(qing)、月(yue)白等,釉(you)層薄而瑩(ying)潤(run),釉(you)泡大(da)(da)而稀疏,有(you)“寥若晨星”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。釉(you)面有(you)細(xi)小的(de)(de)紋片,稱(cheng)為(wei)“蟹爪紋”。汝(ru)窯(yao)(yao)燒(shao)宮(gong)廷(ting)用瓷(ci)的(de)(de)時(shi)間僅20年(nian)左右,約(yue)在(zai)(zai)北宋哲宗元(yuan)祐元(yuan)年(nian)(1086年(nian))到徽宗崇寧五(wu)年(nian)(1106年(nian)),故傳(chuan)世品極少(shao),被(bei)人們視(shi)為(wei)稀世之(zhi)珍。