云南(nan)省(sheng)博物館藏國家一級文物明(ming)代(dai)金鑲紅藍寶石冠(guan),于1963年(nian)出(chu)土于云南(nan)呈貢(gong)王(wang)家營沐(mu)氏家族墓之沐(mu)崧(song)夫婦(fu)合葬墓。
明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代開(kai)國功(gong)臣沐(mu)英被朱元(yuan)璋追封(feng)為(wei)黔寧(ning)王(wang)(wang),沐(mu)氏(shi)(shi)子弟承襲(xi)“黔國公(gong)(gong)”的(de)封(feng)爵(jue),子孫世(shi)(shi)代鎮(zhen)守云南,直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)朝滅亡(wang),共(gong)計12代。沐(mu)氏(shi)(shi)家族累世(shi)(shi)為(wei)官,身世(shi)(shi)顯(xian)赫,此件(jian)金冠就(jiu)是證明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。據歷史(shi)(shi)資料顯(xian)示,沐(mu)崧(song),字希甫,號(hao)石岡(gang),生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)弘治(zhi)辛亥(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1491)年(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉靖丙申(shen)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1536)年(nian),為(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)朝開(kai)國功(gong)臣黔寧(ning)王(wang)(wang)沐(mu)英六(liu)世(shi)(shi)孫。沐(mu)英家族世(shi)(shi)襲(xi)黔國公(gong)(gong)爵(jue)位(wei),先(xian)后十二(er)代、十四任(ren)鎮(zhen)守云南,與大明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝共(gong)始終,可以說(shuo)是明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代歷史(shi)(shi)上有舉(ju)足輕(qing)重地(di)位(wei)的(de)家族。沐(mu)英死后,追封(feng)黔寧(ning)王(wang)(wang),謚昭靖,侑享太廟(miao)。沐(mu)氏(shi)(shi)子孫世(shi)(shi)代承襲(xi),鎮(zhen)守云南,直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)朝末年(nian)。沐(mu)崧(song)16歲鎮(zhen)守金齒、騰沖,累官至驃(piao)騎將軍右軍都(dou)督(du)府都(dou)督(du)僉事(shi)。其夫人徐氏(shi)(shi),生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)弘治(zhi)戊(wu)申(shen)(1488)年(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)(yu)正德丁丑(chou)(1517)年(nian),為(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)朝開(kai)國功(gong)臣中山王(wang)(wang)徐達(da)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)孫魏國公(gong)(gong)徐俌之女。
該(gai)金(jin)鑲紅藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)冠(guan)高(gao)11.5厘米,底(di)徑11厘米,重320克,呈(cheng)半球形,由形似(si)蓮花瓣的薄金(jin)片,內外四(si)層累疊而成。從冠(guan)面看,其鑲嵌有(you)紅、藍、綠、白等各色寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)20多粒,光芒(mang)四(si)射,交相輝映(ying)。其冠(guan)頂插(cha)有(you)一(yi)如(ru)意(yi)形嵌寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)簪,沿頂簪兩(liang)側(ce)各插(cha)有(you)一(yi)對鑲紅和鑲藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)的笄。
從工(gong)藝制(zhi)造角(jiao)度而言,該金冠集中融匯(hui)多種工(gong)藝技(ji)法,如捶揲(she)、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊接(jie)等(deng),充(chong)分反映了明代金器制(zhi)作水平的(de)高超,更顯現(xian)出(chu)明代王侯之物的(de)華貴。
名貴的(de)寶石以其艷麗的(de)色彩(cai)與黃金(jin)交相(xiang)輝映(ying)更顯得富(fu)麗華(hua)貴。從工(gong)藝制(zhi)造角度(du)而言該(gai)金(jin)冠集中融匯多種工(gong)藝技法(fa)
如捶揲、鏨(zan)刻、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊接等,充分反(fan)映了明代金器制(zhi)作水平(ping)的高超,更(geng)顯現(xian)出(chu)明代王侯之物的華貴。