云南省博物(wu)(wu)館藏國家一級文物(wu)(wu)明代金鑲紅藍寶石冠(guan),于1963年出土于云南呈貢王家營沐氏家族墓(mu)之沐崧夫婦合(he)葬墓(mu)。
明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)開國(guo)功臣(chen)(chen)沐(mu)(mu)(mu)英(ying)被朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)追封(feng)為(wei)黔(qian)寧王(wang),沐(mu)(mu)(mu)氏(shi)子弟承(cheng)襲(xi)“黔(qian)國(guo)公”的(de)封(feng)爵,子孫世(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)鎮(zhen)守(shou)云南(nan),直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)滅亡(wang),共計(ji)12代(dai)(dai)。沐(mu)(mu)(mu)氏(shi)家(jia)族累世(shi)(shi)為(wei)官,身世(shi)(shi)顯赫,此(ci)件金冠就(jiu)是(shi)證明(ming)(ming)。據歷史(shi)資(zi)料顯示,沐(mu)(mu)(mu)崧(song),字希甫,號石岡,生(sheng)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)弘治辛亥(公元(yuan)(yuan)1491)年(nian)(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖丙申(公元(yuan)(yuan)1536)年(nian)(nian),為(wei)明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)開國(guo)功臣(chen)(chen)黔(qian)寧王(wang)沐(mu)(mu)(mu)英(ying)六世(shi)(shi)孫。沐(mu)(mu)(mu)英(ying)家(jia)族世(shi)(shi)襲(xi)黔(qian)國(guo)公爵位(wei),先(xian)后(hou)十(shi)二代(dai)(dai)、十(shi)四任鎮(zhen)守(shou)云南(nan),與大(da)明(ming)(ming)王(wang)朝(chao)(chao)共始終(zhong),可以(yi)說是(shi)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)歷史(shi)上有(you)舉足(zu)輕重地位(wei)的(de)家(jia)族。沐(mu)(mu)(mu)英(ying)死后(hou),追封(feng)黔(qian)寧王(wang),謚昭靖,侑享太廟(miao)。沐(mu)(mu)(mu)氏(shi)子孫世(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)承(cheng)襲(xi),鎮(zhen)守(shou)云南(nan),直(zhi)至明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)末年(nian)(nian)。沐(mu)(mu)(mu)崧(song)16歲鎮(zhen)守(shou)金齒、騰(teng)沖,累官至驃騎將軍右軍都(dou)督府都(dou)督僉事(shi)。其夫人(ren)徐氏(shi),生(sheng)于(yu)弘治戊申(1488)年(nian)(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)正(zheng)德丁丑(1517)年(nian)(nian),為(wei)明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)(chao)開國(guo)功臣(chen)(chen)中山王(wang)徐達六世(shi)(shi)孫魏(wei)國(guo)公徐俌(fu)之女。
該金鑲(xiang)紅(hong)藍寶石(shi)冠高11.5厘米(mi),底(di)徑11厘米(mi),重(zhong)320克,呈(cheng)半球形(xing),由形(xing)似蓮花瓣的(de)(de)薄金片(pian),內外四(si)層累疊而成。從冠面看,其鑲(xiang)嵌有(you)紅(hong)、藍、綠、白等各色寶石(shi)20多粒,光芒四(si)射(she),交相輝映。其冠頂插有(you)一如意形(xing)嵌寶石(shi)簪(zan),沿頂簪(zan)兩(liang)側各插有(you)一對(dui)鑲(xiang)紅(hong)和鑲(xiang)藍寶石(shi)的(de)(de)笄。
從工藝制造角度而言(yan),該金(jin)冠集中融匯多種工藝技法,如捶揲、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲(xiang)嵌、焊接等(deng),充分反映(ying)了(le)明代金(jin)器制作(zuo)水平(ping)的高超,更顯現出明代王侯之物的華貴。
名(ming)貴(gui)的寶石以其艷麗(li)的色彩與黃金(jin)交相(xiang)輝映更顯得(de)富麗(li)華貴(gui)。從工藝制造角度而言該金(jin)冠集中融匯多種工藝技法
如捶揲、鏨(zan)刻(ke)、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊(han)接等,充分反映了(le)明(ming)代(dai)金器制作水平的高超,更顯(xian)現(xian)出明(ming)代(dai)王侯之物的華貴。