芒果视频下载

元(yuan)代青(qing)花(hua)釉(you)里紅(hong)開光(guang)貼花(hua)蓋罐1964年出(chu)土于河北保定永(yong)華南路(lu)元(yuan)代窖藏，通(tong)高41cm，口徑15.5cm，足徑18.5cm。該罐采用青(qing)花(hua)和(he)(he)釉(you)里紅(hong)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，通(tong)體施青(qing)白釉(you)，釉(you)層(ceng)凝厚，釉(you)面青(qing)亮，極為(wei)滋潤。紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)豐(feng)富，層(ceng)次清晰，主題突出(chu)，全器紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)有10余(yu)層(ceng)。該罐的蹲獅鈕罐蓋的蓋面采用變(bian)形蓮瓣紋(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)回紋(wen)(wen)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)。罐身的頸肩部為(wei)纏枝(zhi)牡(mu)(mu)丹紋(wen)(wen)、忍(ren)冬紋(wen)(wen)，并有下垂的如意(yi)云頭(tou)(tou)紋(wen)(wen)，云頭(tou)(tou)紋(wen)(wen)內飾(shi)蓮池(chi)紋(wen)(wen)，云頭(tou)(tou)之間飾(shi)折枝(zhi)牡(mu)(mu)丹紋(wen)(wen)。腹部四(si)(si)面用連珠紋(wen)(wen)作菱花(hua)形開光(guang)4個，開光(guang)內裝(zhuang)飾(shi)牡(mu)(mu)丹、石(shi)榴、菊(ju)花(hua)、四(si)(si)季花(hua)卉(hui)紋(wen)(wen)。枝(zhi)葉用青(qing)花(hua)渲染，花(hua)朵和(he)(he)山石(shi)用釉(you)里紅(hong)涂繪(hui)，紅(hong)、藍色交相輝映，具(ju)有極強的裝(zhuang)飾(shi)效果(guo)。

類(lei)似(si)的元(yuan)代(dai)青花釉(you)里紅開光(guang)貼(tie)花蓋罐(guan)器物(wu)在(zai)世界(jie)僅存4件(jian)(jian)，其中兩(liang)件(jian)(jian)流失到國外，一件(jian)(jian)存放在(zai)北京故宮博物(wu)院(yuan)。此4件(jian)(jian)器物(wu)相比(bi)，河北省博物(wu)館這件(jian)(jian)保存最為完整，是中國乃(nai)至全世界(jie)最完整的青花釉(you)里紅極品。

文物流傳

1964年5月的(de)一天，保定市(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)公司的(de)工(gong)人在永華路(lu)南小(xiao)學一建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)地施工(gong)時，發現地下(xia)有(you)一個圓形(xing)窖(jiao)穴，里面排(pai)列著一批(pi)器(qi)(qi)形(xing)高大，胎體厚(hou)重、花(hua)(hua)紋繁密、色彩濃(nong)艷的(de)青花(hua)(hua)瓷(ci)和做工(gong)精細的(de)藍(lan)釉(you)描(miao)金(jin)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)。其中就(jiu)有(you)青花(hua)(hua)釉(you)里紅鏤雕開光蓋(gai)罐兩件(jian)，此外還有(you)青花(hua)(hua)海水(shui)龍紋帶蓋(gai)八(ba)棱梅瓶2件(jian)、青花(hua)(hua)八(ba)棱玉(yu)壺(hu)春小(xiao)瓶1件(jian)、青花(hua)(hua)八(ba)棱執壺(hu)1件(jian)，共6件(jian)元青花(hua)(hua)，還有(you)其他種類(lei)的(de)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)5件(jian)。

文物特征

元青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)釉里紅鏤雕蓋(gai)罐(guan)(guan)，通高41cm，口(kou)徑15.5cm，足(zu)徑18.5cm。罐(guan)(guan)直口(kou)，短頸(jing)，溜肩，鼓(gu)腹，圈足(zu)，砂底無釉。胎(tai)體(ti)上薄下厚，胎(tai)質(zhi)細膩，青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色(se)彩濃艷，釉里紅略(lve)暗。罐(guan)(guan)蓋(gai)頂堆塑坐獅鈕。通體(ti)青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)釉里紅紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)。罐(guan)(guan)蓋(gai)繪(hui)青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、卷草(cao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、回(hui)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)各(ge)一周(zhou)。罐(guan)(guan)身近(jin)口(kou)沿處繪(hui)青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)纏枝花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、卷草(cao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)各(ge)一周(zhou)。肩部繪(hui)下垂如(ru)意云頭(tou)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，云頭(tou)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)內(nei)繪(hui)青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水波(bo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)托白蓮(lian)，云頭(tou)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)間繪(hui)折枝牡丹(dan)(dan)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。腹部四(si)面堆塑雙菱形(xing)串(chuan)珠(zhu)開光，開光內(nei)山(shan)石、牡丹(dan)(dan)、菊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等四(si)季園景，以釉里紅繪(hui)山(shan)石、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)卉，青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)繪(hui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葉，紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)有浮(fu)雕效果(guo)。腹下部飾(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)折枝蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，與肩部云頭(tou)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)應。近(jin)底處繪(hui)卷草(cao)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)及變形(xing)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，蓮(lian)瓣(ban)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)內(nei)繪(hui)倒垂寶相(xiang)(xiang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。罐(guan)(guan)型(xing)豐滿渾厚，紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)層次鮮(xian)明，綜合繪(hui)、鏤、塑、貼(tie)等多種技(ji)(ji)法。青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、釉里紅互為襯托，紅、藍交(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)輝(hui)(hui)映。造型(xing)豐滿渾厚，紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)飾(shi)層次鮮(xian)明，綜合了繪(hui)、鏤、塑、模印、貼(tie)等多種技(ji)(ji)法。青(qing)(qing)(qing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、釉里紅在作(zuo)品中互為襯托，紅、藍交(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)輝(hui)(hui)映，整(zheng)體(ti)形(xing)成一種氣度雍容而又(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)團錦簇的藝術(shu)效果(guo)。

文物價值

元青花釉(you)(you)里紅(hong)鏤(lou)雕蓋罐采用模印貼花的(de)復雜工(gong)藝，造型厚重典雅，氣(qi)勢(shi)宏(hong)大；裝(zhuang)飾(shi)技(ji)法多(duo)樣，紋(wen)樣繁縟精美，色彩(cai)藍艷含蓄，彩(cai)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)和胎裝(zhuang)飾(shi)技(ji)法得到完(wan)美的(de)結合，青花和釉(you)(you)里紅(hong)集于一器，白(bai)地藍花與藍地白(bai)花相映成(cheng)趣；罐腹(fu)部(bu)開光紋(wen)飾(shi)采用貼花技(ji)法，使器物的(de)平面(mian)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)又增(zeng)添了幾分鏤(lou)雕藝術的(de)立體效果(guo)，這種集多(duo)種裝(zhuang)飾(shi)手法于一器的(de)工(gong)藝特征，在珍貴的(de)元代(dai)青花瓷中(zhong)也(ye)極為(wei)少見，當(dang)為(wei)國之(zhi)瑰寶。

青(qing)(qing)花的呈(cheng)色(se)劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)鈷，呈(cheng)色(se)穩定；釉里(li)紅(hong)的呈(cheng)色(se)劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)銅，極易(yi)揮(hui)發，因(yin)此對窯(yao)室的燒成氣(qi)溫要(yao)求十分嚴格。由于青(qing)(qing)花和(he)(he)釉里(li)紅(hong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)性質(zhi)不同(tong)、燒成條件(jian)不同(tong)的兩種釉下彩，要(yao)使(shi)青(qing)(qing)花和(he)(he)釉里(li)紅(hong)都呈(cheng)色(se)鮮艷，燒制工藝難度(du)很大。元(yuan)代瓷器是(shi)(shi)(shi)中國陶(tao)瓷發展當中的重大轉(zhuan)折(zhe)點，在陶(tao)瓷裝飾(shi)歷史上有(you)著劃(hua)時代的意義。但因(yin)元(yuan)代青(qing)(qing)花瓷器燒制時間短等原(yuan)因(yin)使(shi)其(qi)存(cun)世量較(jiao)少(shao)，元(yuan)代青(qing)(qing)花釉里(li)紅(hong)作品(pin)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)，存(cun)世也(ye)就更(geng)為罕見。

文物研究

青花(hua)瓷(ci)(ci)出現于唐代(dai)(dai)，釉(you)里(li)紅(hong)則(ze)是(shi)元代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)品種。以氧化(hua)鈷和(he)氧化(hua)銅在白色瓷(ci)(ci)坯上(shang)繪彩(cai)，施高(gao)溫釉(you)后(hou)在窯爐中以約(yue)1200℃的(de)(de)(de)還原焰(yan)燒造而成，表面呈現藍、白、紅(hong)相間的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紋的(de)(de)(de)瓷(ci)(ci)器，就是(shi)青花(hua)釉(you)里(li)紅(hong)瓷(ci)(ci)器。這一新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)釉(you)下彩(cai)品種的(de)(de)(de)出現，是(shi)元代(dai)(dai)瓷(ci)(ci)器生產(chan)技術進步的(de)(de)(de)重要標(biao)志(zhi)。

開光內花卉形似鏤(lou)空，其實嚴格意義上應(ying)是貼塑。已發現(xian)的此類器(qi)物很(hen)少，元代青花釉里紅開光鏤(lou)雕(diao)大罐的有幾個部分是模壓成型，然后組合粘(zhan)貼完成，整個過程(cheng)不存在鏤(lou)雕(diao)過程(cheng)。