西(xi)周(zhou)夔紋禁是西(xi)周(zhou)時期的青(qing)銅(tong)器,現收藏于天津博物館(guan)。
1926年曾為古玩店(dian)學徒(tu)的(de)(de)陜西軍(jun)閥黨(dang)玉琨,組(zu)織(zhi)人員在(zai)(zai)寶雞斗雞臺(tai)戴家溝進(jin)行(xing)大規模的(de)(de)盜掘(jue),挖出了(le)大批(pi)珍貴的(de)(de)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就有這件(jian)西周(zhou)夔(kui)紋銅禁(jin)。后來黨(dang)玉琨在(zai)(zai)戰亂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)死去,他盜掘(jue)的(de)(de)這批(pi)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)落在(zai)(zai)了(le)隸(li)屬(shu)國(guo)民革命軍(jun)第二集團軍(jun)的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)哲元手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。宋(song)(song)哲元將其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)送給了(le)馮(feng)玉祥,大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)則運回(hui)了(le)北京、天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin),有很多則被轉賣到國(guo)外,此件(jian)夔(kui)紋銅禁(jin)則一直(zhi)保存在(zai)(zai)宋(song)(song)哲元在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。抗日(ri)戰爭期(qi)間,日(ri)軍(jun)占領(ling)天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)英(ying)租界,并對宋(song)(song)哲元的(de)(de)公館查抄,掠去很多財物(wu)(wu)(wu),這件(jian)銅禁(jin)也在(zai)(zai)劫(jie)難逃,宋(song)(song)哲元三弟(di)宋(song)(song)慧泉得(de)知此事(shi)后多方打點才(cai)將這件(jian)銅禁(jin)及其(qi)他文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)從日(ri)軍(jun)手中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)贖回(hui),并在(zai)(zai)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)盡心收藏保管。直(zhi)到1968年,天(tian)(tian)津(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管理處(chu)在(zai)(zai)宋(song)(song)氏親屬(shu)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),發現了(le)被砸成幾(ji)十(shi)塊的(de)(de)銅禁(jin)碎塊,加上文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)工作者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資回(hui)收部(bu)(bu)門找(zhao)到的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)銅禁(jin)碎塊。1972年5月送到北京中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)史(shi)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館由高英(ying)、張蘭惠等老師傅進(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)復。首先進(jin)行(xing)整形(xing),然后進(jin)行(xing)焊(han)接,缺失的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)用厚(hou)銅板補(bu)配(pei),并按原樣予(yu)以(yi)鏨花,最(zui)后在(zai)(zai)補(bu)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)再(zai)作上假銹。西周(zhou)銅禁(jin)又完好如初地展現它的(de)(de)風采。
西周夔紋(wen)銅禁(jin)高23厘米(mi),長126厘米(mi),寬46.6厘米(mi)。整體呈(cheng)扁平(ping)立體長方(fang)(fang)形,中空(kong)無底,禁(jin)面(mian)上有(you)三(san)個(ge)(ge)微(wei)凸起(qi)的(de)橢圓形子(zi)口,中間的(de)子(zi)口略小于兩(liang)邊子(zi)口,禁(jin)前后兩(liang)面(mian)各(ge)有(you)兩(liang)排(pai)鏤空(kong)的(de)長方(fang)(fang)形孔十(shi)六個(ge)(ge),左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)面(mian)各(ge)有(you)兩(liang)排(pai)鏤空(kong)的(de)長方(fang)(fang)形孔四(si)個(ge)(ge),禁(jin)的(de)四(si)周都(dou)飾(shi)有(you)精美(mei)的(de)夔紋(wen),紋(wen)飾(shi)生動(dong),造(zao)型端莊(zhuang),鑄造(zao)精良(liang)。
傳(chuan)世(shi)的(de)西周(zhou)銅(tong)禁(jin)(jin)僅(jin)見(jian)(jian)兩件(jian)(jian),此其(qi)一。另(ling)一件(jian)(jian)夔(kui)紋(wen)銅(tong)禁(jin)(jin)現(xian)藏于美國(guo)紐約大(da)都(dou)會博(bo)物(wu)館,禁(jin)(jin)上及周(zhou)圍擺放了各式青(qing)銅(tong)酒具。禁(jin)(jin)這種形制的(de)銅(tong)器(qi)在國(guo)內外均十分罕見(jian)(jian),極其(qi)珍(zhen)(zhen)貴,天津博(bo)物(wu)館藏的(de)這件(jian)(jian)西周(zhou)夔(kui)紋(wen)銅(tong)禁(jin)(jin)是(shi)中國(guo)出土的(de)銅(tong)禁(jin)(jin)中形體最大(da)的(de)一件(jian)(jian),亦為我國(guo)禁(jin)(jin)止出國(guo)(境)展覽文物(wu),它(ta)是(shi)我國(guo)青(qing)銅(tong)器(qi)中的(de)稀世(shi)珍(zhen)(zhen)品。是(shi)研究中國(guo)青(qing)銅(tong)禁(jin)(jin)歷史的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)貴實(shi)物(wu)資料。