西周夔紋禁是西周時期的青(qing)銅(tong)器,現收藏于天津博物館。
1926年曾(ceng)為古(gu)玩店學徒的陜西(xi)軍(jun)閥黨玉琨,組織人員在(zai)寶雞斗雞臺戴家溝(gou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)規模(mo)的盜(dao)掘,挖出了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)批珍貴的文物(wu)(wu),其(qi)中(zhong)就(jiu)有(you)這件(jian)西(xi)周(zhou)夔紋銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)。后來黨玉琨在(zai)戰(zhan)亂(luan)中(zhong)死去,他盜(dao)掘的這批文物(wu)(wu)落在(zai)了(le)(le)(le)隸屬國民革命(ming)軍(jun)第二(er)集團軍(jun)的宋(song)(song)哲元(yuan)(yuan)手中(zhong)。宋(song)(song)哲元(yuan)(yuan)將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)中(zhong)的一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)送給了(le)(le)(le)馮玉祥,大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)則(ze)運回(hui)了(le)(le)(le)北京(jing)、天(tian)津(jin),有(you)很(hen)多則(ze)被(bei)轉賣到國外,此件(jian)夔紋銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)則(ze)一(yi)直保存(cun)在(zai)宋(song)(song)哲元(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)天(tian)津(jin)的家中(zhong)。抗日戰(zhan)爭期間,日軍(jun)占(zhan)領天(tian)津(jin)英租界,并(bing)(bing)對宋(song)(song)哲元(yuan)(yuan)的公館(guan)查抄,掠去很(hen)多財物(wu)(wu),這件(jian)銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)也(ye)在(zai)劫難逃,宋(song)(song)哲元(yuan)(yuan)三弟宋(song)(song)慧泉得知此事后多方打點才(cai)將(jiang)(jiang)這件(jian)銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)及其(qi)他文物(wu)(wu)從日軍(jun)手中(zhong)贖回(hui),并(bing)(bing)在(zai)家中(zhong)盡心收藏(zang)保管。直到1968年,天(tian)津(jin)文物(wu)(wu)管理處在(zai)宋(song)(song)氏親(qin)屬家中(zhong),發現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)被(bei)砸成(cheng)幾十塊的銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)碎(sui)塊,加上文物(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)者在(zai)物(wu)(wu)資回(hui)收部(bu)門找(zhao)到的部(bu)分(fen)銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)碎(sui)塊。1972年5月送到北京(jing)中(zhong)國歷史博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)由(you)高英、張蘭(lan)惠等老(lao)師傅進(jin)行(xing)(xing)修復。首先進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)形,然后進(jin)行(xing)(xing)焊接,缺失的部(bu)分(fen)用厚(hou)銅(tong)(tong)板補(bu)配,并(bing)(bing)按原樣予以(yi)鏨(zan)花,最(zui)后在(zai)補(bu)的部(bu)分(fen)再作(zuo)上假銹。西(xi)周(zhou)銅(tong)(tong)禁(jin)(jin)又完好如初地(di)展現(xian)它的風采。
西周夔紋(wen)銅禁(jin)(jin)高23厘(li)米(mi),長(chang)(chang)126厘(li)米(mi),寬46.6厘(li)米(mi)。整體呈扁平立(li)體長(chang)(chang)方形,中空(kong)無底,禁(jin)(jin)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)有三個微凸起(qi)的(de)(de)橢圓(yuan)形子(zi)口(kou)(kou),中間的(de)(de)子(zi)口(kou)(kou)略小(xiao)于兩(liang)邊子(zi)口(kou)(kou),禁(jin)(jin)前(qian)后兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)各有兩(liang)排鏤空(kong)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)方形孔十六個,左右兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)各有兩(liang)排鏤空(kong)的(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)方形孔四(si)(si)個,禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)四(si)(si)周都飾有精美的(de)(de)夔紋(wen),紋(wen)飾生動,造(zao)型端莊,鑄(zhu)造(zao)精良。
傳世的(de)(de)西周銅(tong)(tong)禁僅見(jian)兩(liang)件(jian),此其(qi)一。另一件(jian)夔(kui)(kui)紋銅(tong)(tong)禁現藏(zang)于(yu)美國紐約大都會博物(wu)館(guan)(guan),禁上及周圍擺(bai)放了(le)各式青銅(tong)(tong)酒具(ju)。禁這種(zhong)形制(zhi)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)在(zai)國內(nei)外均十分罕見(jian),極(ji)其(qi)珍貴,天(tian)津博物(wu)館(guan)(guan)藏(zang)的(de)(de)這件(jian)西周夔(kui)(kui)紋銅(tong)(tong)禁是(shi)中國出(chu)土的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)禁中形體最大的(de)(de)一件(jian),亦(yi)為我國禁止出(chu)國(境)展覽文物(wu),它是(shi)我國青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)中的(de)(de)稀世珍品。是(shi)研(yan)究中國青銅(tong)(tong)禁歷史的(de)(de)珍貴實(shi)物(wu)資料。