西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)粵東(dong)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),位于廣東(dong)省梅州市大埔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)峰海(hai)(hai)拔1256米(mi),連(lian)綿起(qi)伏、峰戀疊嶂、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)泉(quan)滲流、云(yun)霧繚繞(rao),滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遍野都是(shi)形態各異(yi)、活靈活現的自然景(jing)致(zhi),其中有“公雞髻(ji)石(shi)”、“清(qing)泉(quan)石(shi)上(shang)流”、“仙人橋”、“仙人打鼓(gu)石(shi)”、 “蟒(mang)蛇出山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“仙人茶(cha)壺”、“飛來石(shi)”等景(jing)點(dian),清(qing)康熙年(nian)間進(jin)士(shi)楊之徐游覽西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后曾(ceng)寫詩贊(zan)道(dao)(dao):“望到西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)不盡峰,連(lian)天翠色(se)意何(he)濃;一朝雷雨(yu)繞(rao)云(yun)起(qi),卻怪(guai)深山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有伏龍(long)(long)。”西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝景(jing)美不勝收,自然奇觀、數不勝數。清(qing)道(dao)(dao)光二年(nian),阮元撰寫《廣東(dong)通志(zhi)》時(shi),已(yi)將西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)列為(wei)“名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勝景(jing)大埔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)烏(wu)龍(long)(long)茶(cha)產(chan)區(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)光照充(chong)足,熱(re)量(liang)(liang)豐富,雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),夏長(chang)冬(dong)短。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)21.2℃—22℃,年(nian)日照時(shi)數1730.4小時(shi),年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)1400—2500毫米(mi)。西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)烏(wu)龍(long)(long)茶(cha)產(chan)區(qu)具有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)日照短,云(yun)霧雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)多,冬(dong)春不嚴寒,盛(sheng)夏無酷暑的氣(qi)候特點(dian),非常適合茶(cha)樹生長(chang),茶(cha)樹生長(chang)更沒有明(ming)顯的休(xiu)眠期。大埔縣(xian)(xian)(xian)區(qu)域(yu)土壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型為(wei):黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)土壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)水(shui)稻土四大類(lei)。黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要分布在海(hai)(hai)拔500—1000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang),西(xi)(xi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)黃(huang)紅(hong)土壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土壤(rang)(rang)疏松(song)、濕潤(run)、肥(fei)沃,植(zhi)被生長(chang)良好。PH值為(wei)3.97—4.46,土層深厚,富含有機質(有機質含量(liang)(liang)2.35%~3.93%)和(he)幾十(shi)種微量(liang)(liang)元素,是(shi)不可多得的優質產(chan)茶(cha)地。低海(hai)(hai)拔地區(qu)和(he)平(ping)(ping)原以(yi)赤紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)水(shui)稻土為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。這部(bu)分地區(qu),水(shui)熱(re)條件較(jiao)好,土壤(rang)(rang)熟化程(cheng)度較(jiao)深,肥(fei)效較(jiao)高(gao),P H值3.97—4.46,適宜茶(cha)樹生長(chang),是(shi)不可多得的高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產(chan)茶(cha)區(qu)。 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
西(xi)(xi)巖烏(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)地大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)置源于(yu)東(dong)(dong)晉義(yi)(yi)熙九年(nian)(公元(yuan)413年(nian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)(yi)招縣(xian)(xian),明嘉靖五年(nian)(1526年(nian))析饒平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)之(zhi)清遠、戀(lian)洲兩都置縣(xian)(xian),改名大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)。大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)地處粵(yue)東(dong)(dong)北邊垂,這里(li)群山(shan)(shan)環(huan)抱,峰戀(lian)重疊(die),溪(xi)河遍布,山(shan)(shan)青水秀(xiu),有(you)(you)(you)“山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)”之(zhi)稱;俗話說(shuo):“高山(shan)(shan)云霧出名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”。歷(li)史上位于(yu)楓朗(lang)西(xi)(xi)巖山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“西(xi)(xi)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)”出產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)便(bian)(bian)馳名遐邇,這就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)巖烏(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)最初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淵源。大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)歷(li)史悠久,是(shi)(shi)佛教(jiao)(jiao)慚愧祖師(817-866)靜心修(xiu)行(xing),默誦佛經之(zhi)所(suo),有(you)(you)(you)著濃厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。目前大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要景點包括西(xi)(xi)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)、倚(yi)巖寺(si)(si)、萬福(fu)寺(si)(si)、赤蕨寺(si)(si)等都是(shi)(shi)禪(chan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載體(ti)。佛教(jiao)(jiao)不僅開(kai)創了(le)(le)自身特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),而(er)(er)(er)且成熟了(le)(le)本土自有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),且使禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)融為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)而(er)(er)(er)成為(wei)禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。因而(er)(er)(er)自古便(bian)(bian)有(you)(you)(you)“禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)一(yi)(yi)味”之(zhi)說(shuo)。它(ta)由禪(chan)而(er)(er)(er)興,繼(ji)由禪(chan)而(er)(er)(er)成熟,終因而(er)(er)(er)成就(jiu)(jiu)禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。創立中(zhong)國茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸羽(yu)在其《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)不少對佛教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頌揚(yang)和對僧人(ren)(ren)嗜茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載。在實踐中(zhong),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)道(dao)與佛教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)間也找到越來(lai)越多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想內涵方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共通之(zhi)處。大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)注重“和、靜、怡、真”,既理(li)事(shi)圓融和諧(xie),又(you)雅(ya)俗同享,在人(ren)(ren)生日常(chang)事(shi)務中(zhong)普遍落實和操作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現實意義(yi)(yi)。西(xi)(xi)巖烏(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)便(bian)(bian)是(shi)(shi)大埔(pu)(pu)禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)精品之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。大埔(pu)(pu)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禪(chan)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)將(jiang)(jiang)正氣溶(rong)入(ru)(ru)和中(zhong),將(jiang)(jiang)分享溶(rong)入(ru)(ru)平(ping)靜中(zhong),將(jiang)(jiang)雅(ya)氣溶(rong)入(ru)(ru)神怡中(zhong),將(jiang)(jiang)聚(ju)集人(ren)(ren)心溶(rong)入(ru)(ru)真心中(zhong),發揮凝聚(ju)人(ren)(ren)心,化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)解矛盾、優化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)素質、和諧(xie)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛移默化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,為(wei)構建(jian)(jian)和諧(xie)社會作(zuo)出了(le)(le)積極(ji)貢獻。