一.產品介紹
湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)作(zuo)(zuo)為我國優良(liang)地(di)方良(liang)種太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)原產地(di)之(zhi)一,在(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)有(you)著(zhu)悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)養殖(zhi)歷史,據《湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)府志(zhi)》禽之(zhi)屬中記(ji)載(zai)在(zai)公(gong)元前(qian)350年(nian)左(zuo)右(you)就(jiu)有(you)養殖(zhi),同期的(de)(de)(de)《武康劉志(zhi)》也(ye)有(you)關于太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)夜間(jian)防盜(dao)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。可(ke)見早在(zai)1600年(nian)前(qian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)已(yi)經融入湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)生活。隨著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)推移(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)也(ye)成為了當(dang)(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)們生活不可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)物品,更是人(ren)(ren)們禮尚往來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)佳品,具明嘉靖(jing)《湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai),明朝時(shi)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)已(yi)有(you)將鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)翎列為貢賦歷史。此(ci)外由于湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)優雅(ya)的(de)(de)(de)外形也(ye)吸引(yin)了當(dang)(dang)地(di)很多文人(ren)(ren)志(zhi)士喜愛。史料記(ji)載(zai)晉代大(da)書法家(jia)王羲之(zhi)、王獻之(zhi)父(fu)子于東晉永(yong)和四年(nian)末至永(yong)和七(qi)年(nian)初(348—351)任吳興(xing)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守(今(jin)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市),特別(bie)喜愛書法和白(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e),有(you)“羲之(zhi)愛鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)”說法,并(bing)且被后人(ren)(ren)傳為佳話(hua)。正因湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)獨到的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)文歷史,太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)養規模(mo)也(ye)逐步擴(kuo)大(da),并(bing)成為了當(dang)(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)特色農產品。
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
(1)地貌(mao)情況(kuang):湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)處于浙(zhe)江北(bei)部,太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)岸,緊鄰江蘇、安(an)徽(hui)兩(liang)(liang)省(sheng)。現轄德清、長(chang)興(xing)、安(an)吉三縣和南(nan)(nan)潯、吳興(xing)兩(liang)(liang)區(qu)(qu),東(dong)(dong)部為(wei)水(shui)鄉(xiang)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),西(xi)部以(yi)山(shan)地、丘陵為(wei)主(zhu),俗稱“五山(shan)一(yi)水(shui)四分(fen)田”。全市(shi)(shi)地勢大(da)致由西(xi)南(nan)(nan)向東(dong)(dong)北(bei)傾斜,西(xi)部多山(shan),最高峰龍王山(shan)海拔(ba)1587米。東(dong)(dong)部為(wei)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)網區(qu)(qu),平(ping)均(jun)海拔(ba)僅3米左(zuo)右。有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)苕(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)溪(xi)、西(xi)苕(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)溪(xi)等(deng)眾多河流。本市(shi)(shi)屬亞熱帶(dai)濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)。 湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)主(zhu)要分(fen)布在水(shui)網平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)地區(qu)(qu),具有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)草資源,是個(ge)優(you)(you)越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)養(yang)鵝(e)(e)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。(2)水(shui)資源條件:湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)資源十分(fen)豐富,境(jing)內主(zhu)要河流有(you)(you)西(xi)苕(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)溪(xi)、東(dong)(dong)苕(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)溪(xi)中下游、塘(tang)(tang)、雙林塘(tang)(tang)、泗安(an)塘(tang)(tang)等(deng);境(jing)邊(bian)南(nan)(nan)接東(dong)(dong)苕(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)溪(xi)上游,北(bei)瀕太(tai)湖(hu)(hu),東(dong)(dong)聯大(da)運河及黃(huang)浦(pu)江。平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)河網湖(hu)(hu)蕩(dang)密(mi)布,山(shan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)有(you)(you)山(shan)塘(tang)(tang)水(shui)庫,庫容10立方以(yi)上水(shui)庫149座。域(yu)內水(shui)面(mian)面(mian)積(ji)536平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里,河道(dao)密(mi)度約2.6-3.8公(gong)(gong)里/平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里。豐富、優(you)(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)源,為(wei)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)飼(si)養(yang)提供良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然環境(jing)。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)地處北(bei)亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)(qu)。四季分(fen)明(ming),雨水(shui)充沛,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和。這一(yi)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件非(fei)常符合(he)湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)鵝(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)生活特性和生產需要,也有(you)(you)利于飼(si)料作(zuo)物生長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
湖(hu)州太(tai)湖(hu)鵝產(chan)地(di)為湖(hu)州市域全境。包括:吳興和南潯2個(ge)市轄區和德清、長興、安吉3個(ge)縣(xian),共34個(ge)鎮(zhen)和5個(ge)鄉(xiang)。位于東經119度14分(fen)至(zhi)120度29分(fen)、北緯30度22分(fen)至(zhi)31度11分(fen)之間,東西長126公里,南北寬(kuan)90公里范圍內。2011年(nian)保護區飼養規(gui)模105萬(wan)羽,產(chan)量約3675噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)體(ti)型外貌 體(ti)態高(gao)昂,體(ti)質細(xi)致緊(jin)(jin)湊,全(quan)(quan)身(shen)羽(yu)毛緊(jin)(jin)貼(tie)。肉(rou)(rou)(rou)瘤圓而光(guang)(guang)滑,無皺(zhou)褶。頸細(xi)長(chang)呈(cheng)弓形(xing),無咽袋。從外表看,公(gong)母(mu)差異(yi)不大(da),公(gong)鵝體(ti)型較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)大(da)雄偉(wei),常昂首(shou)挺胸展翅行(xing)走,叫(jiao)聲宏亮,喜追逐啄人;母(mu)鵝性情溫馴(xun),叫(jiao)聲較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di),肉(rou)(rou)(rou)瘤較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)鵝小,喙較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)。全(quan)(quan)身(shen)羽(yu)毛潔白(bai),偶(ou)在(zai)眼(yan)梢、頭頂、腰(yao)背部有少(shao)量灰褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑點;喙、脛、蹼均橘紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se),喙端色(se)(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淡,爪白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se);眼(yan)瞼淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),肉(rou)(rou)(rou)瘤淡姜黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。雛(chu)鵝全(quan)(quan)身(shen)乳黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),喙、脛、蹼橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。(2)胴體(ti)感官特征: 湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝品質優(you)異(yi),風格獨特。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝屠宰(zai)后,胴體(ti)美(mei)觀(guan)。 整(zheng)個(ge)胴體(ti)均稱、光(guang)(guang)凈,肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)豐滿,腹部小而不下垂,皮膚緊(jin)(jin)湊,有彈(dan)性、光(guang)(guang)澤(ze)(ze),呈(cheng)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se),喙、蹠、蹼部呈(cheng)橘紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。分(fen)割胴體(ti),肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)光(guang)(guang)澤(ze)(ze),色(se)(se)(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)鮮(xian)艷,脂肪分(fen)布均勻,呈(cheng)淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。(3)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝與其他地域(yu)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鵝生產(chan)性能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)
五.特定(ding)生產方式
(1)環(huan)境與(yu)設(she)施 鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)場(chang)要求(qiu)遠離污染源,距離公(gong)路、村(cun)莊等500米以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),場(chang)址選擇要求(qiu)地勢高(gao),且干燥,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)分開(kai)(kai)(kai)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)或(huo)側風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)處(chu),污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)糞便(bian)處(chu)理(li)設(she)施和(he)(he)病死(si)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)處(chu)理(li)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)或(huo)側風(feng)(feng)(feng)向(xiang)處(chu);場(chang)內應(ying)(ying)配套(tao)與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)地;場(chang)內設(she)凈(jing)道、污道。人員、動(dong)物(wu)和(he)(he)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)運轉(zhuan)應(ying)(ying)采取(qu)單一流(liu)向(xiang),凈(jing)道和(he)(he)污道不交叉。(2)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)主要來源于(yu)湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市卓(zhuo)旺太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)型外(wai)貌、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)性能(neng)必須符合湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)要求(qiu)。選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包括:蛋選、苗選、初選、復選和(he)(he)成年鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)培育(yu)(yu)(yu)主要做好后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)、休蛋期和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋期的(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋率、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蛋受精率和(he)(he)孵(fu)化率。(3)育(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu) 育(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵技術:一是保溫。1~5日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室(shi)溫27~28℃;6~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室(shi)溫25~26℃;11~15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室(shi)溫22~24℃;16~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)室(shi)溫18~22℃。二是防(fang)(fang)濕(shi)。1~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)舍(she)內相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)60~65%,11~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)65~70%。三是開(kai)(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)食(shi)(shi)。雛(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)進(jin)入育(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)室(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)即行(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫25℃,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)添加0.5%電解多(duo)維素(su)和(he)(he)5~10%葡萄糖(tang)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)1小(xiao)(xiao)時開(kai)(kai)(kai)食(shi)(shi),10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)內每(mei)晝夜(ye)喂(wei)7次~8次,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)逐(zhu)漸減(jian)少飼(si)(si)喂(wei)次數,至21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)晝夜(ye)喂(wei)4次~5次(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)上(shang)(shang)1次~2次),開(kai)(kai)(kai)食(shi)(shi)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)雛(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)顆粒飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)切碎的(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)綠飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)按1:1比例配拌和(he)(he)飼(si)(si)喂(wei)。3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)(zeng)加青(qing)(qing)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)比例,21日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)比例為1:3。四是放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)與(yu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)雛(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)適度(du)放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu),選擇晴暖天氣放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu),放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)時間(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)距離由短到長(chang)(chang)(chang),由近到遠。放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)自由下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),游水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時間(jian)(jian)每(mei)次3~5分鐘(zhong),隨日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)放(fang)(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)時間(jian)(jian)也逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。五是管(guan)理(li)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)期間(jian)(jian)注意用(yong)(yong)具墊料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥和(he)(he)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),定期消(xiao)毒(du),定期通風(feng)(feng)(feng)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)雛(chu)舍(she)通夜(ye)照明,光照強(qiang)度(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雛(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)能(neng)采食(shi)(shi)、活(huo)動(dong)為度(du)。六是飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)密 度(du)。1~5日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)每(mei)平方(fang)米室(shi)內飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)20~25只(zhi)(zhi),6~10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)15~20只(zhi)(zhi),11~15日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)12~15只(zhi)(zhi),16~20日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)8~12只(zhi)(zhi),21~28日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)6~8只(zhi)(zhi)。群體(ti)(ti)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)視實際(ji)情(qing)況而定,小(xiao)(xiao)群飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)群25~30只(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)群飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)150~200只(zhi)(zhi),放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)群體(ti)(ti)300~600只(zhi)(zhi)。 (4)育(yu)(yu)(yu)成 湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)肉質以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)70日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)最佳,肉質細嫩和(he)(he)松脆,若湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時間(jian)(jian)過(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang),則(ze)肉質過(guo)老,若飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時間(jian)(jian)過(guo)短,則(ze)肉質過(guo)嫩,肌肉豐滿(man)度(du)降低,無(wu)(wu)光澤,血管(guan)毛、絨毛多(duo),感官差。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)肉用(yong)(yong)仔鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)主要技術:一是放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)。上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)(xia)午各放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)1次,中(zhong)(zhong)午趕回鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)舍(she)。夏天上(shang)(shang)午早放(fang)(fang)(fang)早歸(gui),下(xia)(xia)午晚(wan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)晚(wan)歸(gui);冬天上(shang)(shang)午晚(wan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)晚(wan)歸(gui),下(xia)(xia)午早放(fang)(fang)(fang)早歸(gui)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)時間(jian)(jian)隨日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da)延長(chang)(chang)(chang), 45日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)(ke)全天候放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)。二是補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)期間(jian)(jian)不喂(wei)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),牧(mu)(mu)歸(gui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)晚(wan)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si),補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)用(yong)(yong)青(qing)(qing)綠飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)加適量米糠、秕谷(gu)及(ji)薯類(lei)粗飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)和(he)(he)補(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)體(ti)(ti)質,促進(jin)骨骼和(he)(he)肌肉的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育(yu)(yu)(yu),提(ti)高(gao)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)肉品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,充分利用(yong)(yong)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)資源和(he)(he)青(qing)(qing)粗飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),降低飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成本(ben)。(5)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)育(yu)(yu)(yu)成至60日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)齡(ling)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)體(ti)(ti)重,加快脂肪(fang)沉(chen)積,提(ti)高(gao)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)肉的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質,使鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)肉更具鮮(xian)美、爽口、嫩滑的(de)(de)(de)味道。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技術與(yu)特點:不作種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)育(yu)(yu)(yu)成鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)在(zai)(zai)主翼羽長(chang)(chang)(chang)出時(60日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)左右,體(ti)(ti)重3~3.5公(gong)斤(jin))進(jin)行(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),作商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)肉鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)出售。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時間(jian)(jian)10~14日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)期舍(she)飼(si)(si),每(mei)天喂(wei)4次,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)1次。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)前期用(yong)(yong)精飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)青(qing)(qing)綠飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1:1混合飼(si)(si)喂(wei);育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期先喂(wei)精飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)喂(wei)青(qing)(qing)綠飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。精飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)能(neng)量飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為主,一般為稻(dao)谷(gu)占50%,餅粕占5%,米糠45%。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)期管(guan)理(li):限制(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)動(dong),控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)光照,保持(chi)安靜(jing),充足飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。同(tong)時環(huan)境清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥,定期消(xiao)毒(du)。 (6)安全衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng) 湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)環(huan)境、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質符合動(dong)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)疫條件和(he)(he)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關規(gui)定要求(qiu);商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)肉鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)不得使用(yong)(yong)《食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)動(dong)物(wu)禁用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)獸藥及(ji)其(qi)他化合物(wu)清(qing)單》規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)藥物(wu),出售前用(yong)(yong)藥必須執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)《獸藥休藥期規(gui)定》;鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)場(chang)建立(li)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)常衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)消(xiao)毒(du)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)和(he)(he)緊急消(xiao)毒(du)預(yu)案(an)(an)。嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)免(mian)(mian)疫程序:出殼后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽流(liu)感首免(mian)(mian),28~30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽流(liu)感二免(mian)(mian),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)90~100日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)禽流(liu)感加強(qiang)免(mian)(mian)疫;產(chan)(chan)(chan)蛋前1個月(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)瘟免(mian)(mian)疫,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)年免(mian)(mian)疫2次。其(qi)他疫病預(yu)防(fang)(fang)免(mian)(mian)疫根據當地疫情(qing)或(huo)動(dong)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)疫部門的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定確定。(7)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)記錄要求(qiu)。 湖(hu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)湖(hu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程,都準確、清(qing)晰、工整、完(wan)全地建立(li)飼(si)(si) 養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)記錄檔案(an)(an),全面記載飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)情(qing)況,并妥善保存,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備查(cha)閱。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規(gui)定
(1)分級:按標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)分級(2)包裝:按要(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)分級包裝、標(biao)(biao)記。(3)標(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用執行(xing)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)(zhi)量安全中(zhong)心(農(nong)質(zhi)(zhi)安發(fa)[2008]13號)的(de)(de)規定,標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用人應在其產(chan)(chan)品或其包裝上統(tong) 一(yi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(湖州(zhou)太湖鵝(e)、公共標(biao)(biao)識圖(tu)案和標(biao)(biao)注形式(shi))。(4)貯藏:相對濕度50%以下。必(bi)須符(fu)(fu)合(he)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。(5)運輸(shu):執行(xing)NY/T1056-2006《綠色食(shi)品貯藏運輸(shu)準(zhun)則(ze)》農(nong) 業(ye)(ye)部(bu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和符(fu)(fu)合(he)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)運輸(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)。