一.產品介紹
沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)于山東省臨沂(yi)市,俗稱(cheng)沂(yi)蒙(meng)山區(qu),屬暖溫(wen)帶季風區(qu)大陸性氣候,四季分(fen)明,氣候溫(wen)和(he),雨量充沛(pei),光(guang)照充足,常年(nian)平(ping)均降水量800毫米左右,平(ping)均氣溫(wen)130C,年(nian)平(ping)均日照時數2400~2600小時,無霜期(qi)200多(duo)天,境內有(you)眾(zhong)多(duo)丘陵、水庫。獨(du)特的(de)(de)地理(li)位置、優良的(de)(de)土壤(rang)質地和(he)適(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)氣候條件(jian),致使生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)具有(you)“芽葉肥厚、栗香高爽、滋味醇濃、極耐沖泡”等(deng)(deng)品質,飲(yin)譽(yu)中外。據測定,沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)中所(suo)含氨基酸、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚、水浸(jin)出物等(deng)(deng)指標都較(jiao)南方茶(cha)(cha)(cha)含量高,是一種理(li)想的(de)(de)健康(kang)飲(yin)品。
二.自然生態環境
1、地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌:臨(lin)沂(yi)市地(di)(di)處魯(lu)(lu)中南(nan)(nan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區東南(nan)(nan)部(bu)和魯(lu)(lu)東丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區南(nan)(nan)部(bu)。北部(bu)為山(shan)區,南(nan)(nan)部(bu)為平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),整個地(di)(di)勢(shi)大致呈(cheng)西北高而東南(nan)(nan)低。南(nan)(nan)部(bu)的平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)為沂(yi)沭(shu)河沖積而成(cheng),又稱(cheng)臨(lin)郯蒼平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)。這里(li)海拔高度一(yi)般在50米以上,有“山(shan)東小(xiao)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)”之稱(cheng)。沂(yi)山(shan)、魯(lu)(lu)山(shan)、蒙山(shan)、尼山(shan)四條主要山(shan)脈呈(cheng)西北-東南(nan)(nan)走向,較大山(shan)頭(tou)100余(yu)座。山(shan)地(di)(di)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)約占總面積的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質特點:全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)總面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)1718992.74 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全省土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)總面(mian)積(ji)的10.93%。境內西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、北部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)區,東部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)丘陵(ling)區。中南部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)平原(yuan)。山(shan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)313855.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)總面(mian)積(ji)的18%;丘陵(ling)為(wei)(wei)758812.00公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)總面(mian)積(ji)的44 %;平原(yuan)洼地(di)(di) 46341.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)總面(mian)積(ji)的38%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型可分(fen)為(wei)(wei):棕(zong)壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、 潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、砂姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)五類(lei),十(shi)一個亞類(lei)。其中,棕(zong)壤(rang)面(mian)積(ji)615625.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)的14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.7%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.3 %;砂姜土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%;水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 3.4%。據(ju)2006年全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查測(ce)定棕(zong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中的有機質含量平均1.1%、水解氮(dan)116.75mg/kg、有效磷47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀85.4 mg/kg,pH值(zhi)6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松,保水保肥能力強,適合茶(cha)樹生長。
3、氣(qi)候特點:臨沂市(shi)屬于典型的暖溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷(leng)干燥,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)高溫(wen)多(duo)雨(yu)(yu),春季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)風少(shao)雨(yu)(yu),秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼爽晴朗,四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明。極端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)-24、9℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)40℃。年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)856. mm,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在5-8月(yue)(yue)份,占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的71%;其季(ji)(ji)(ji)節分布是3-5月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)121.2mm、占(zhan)14.1%,6-8月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)545.2mm、占(zhan)63.6%,9-11月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)151.0mm、占(zhan)17.6%,12-2月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)39.4mm、占(zhan)4.6%,空氣(qi)相對濕度70%左右。光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源豐富,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時間長,光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,有利(li)于作物光(guang)(guang)合作用,常年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)2458.9小(xiao)時,占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)可照(zhao)(zhao)時間的55%。
4、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:臨沂市境內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)系發育呈脈狀分(fen)布,有沂河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、沭河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、中運河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、濱海四大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)系,區域(yu)(yu)劃(hua)分(fen)屬(shu)淮河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)。主(zhu)要河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)為沂河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)沭河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),有較(jiao)大(da)(da)支流(liu)1035條(tiao),10公里以上河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)300余條(tiao)。境內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)配套(tao)齊全,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)源充足(zu),農田排灌(guan)設(she)施(shi)(shi)配套(tao),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈,無污染(ran)(ran),達到了旱(han)能(neng)澆、澇能(neng)排。同時沂蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)種(zhong)植區內(nei)(nei)無大(da)(da)型工廠,灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)均(jun)來自山泉水(shui)(shui),不(bu)受污染(ran)(ran)。無“三廢(fei)”排放和(he)空(kong)氣污染(ran)(ran),也沒有重金屬(shu)污染(ran)(ran)歷史。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)蒙綠茶產(chan)于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)沂(yi)蒙山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省所轄(xia)地(di)級市(shi)(shi)(shi)。位于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu),地(di)理坐標為(wei):東(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北緯(wei)34°22′-36°22′,素有(you)“魯(lu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大門”之稱(cheng)(cheng)。它東(dong)(dong)(dong)與日(ri)照市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤,西連泰安、濟寧和棗莊三市(shi)(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄰(lin)江蘇省連云港(gang)市(shi)(shi)(shi),北靠濰(wei)坊、淄(zi)博兩市(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)齊魯(lu)大地(di)與江淮(huai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)交(jiao)往的重要通(tong)道。臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現轄(xia)3區(qu)(qu)(qu)(蘭山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、羅莊區(qu)(qu)(qu))9縣(xian)(費縣(xian)、平(ping)邑(yi)縣(xian)、蒼(cang)山(shan)縣(xian)、郯城(cheng)縣(xian)、臨(lin)沭縣(xian)、莒(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian),沂(yi)水(shui)縣(xian)、沂(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)、蒙陰縣(xian)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北最(zui)大距離(li)228千米(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西最(zui)大距離(li)161千米(mi),總面積(ji)17257、52平(ping)方千米(mi),是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省17個地(di)級市(shi)(shi)(shi)中面積(ji)和人口最(zui)大的市(shi)(shi)(shi)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1、外在感官特征:(1)卷曲(qu)形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)外形(xing)(xing):條索(suo)卷曲(qu)、緊(jin)結、勻(yun)(yun)整;不同(tong)(tong)級(ji)別茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)色(se)澤從翠綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)到(dao)墨綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),但不得枯黃(huang)(huang)、斷碎(sui)。內(nei)質:香氣高(gao),從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)栗香到(dao)純(chun)正;湯色(se)從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang),不渾濁;滋味(wei)(wei)濃醇、無異味(wei)(wei);葉(xie)(xie)底從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)。(2)扁(bian)形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)外形(xing)(xing):光扁(bian)平(ping)直(zhi),不同(tong)(tong)級(ji)別茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)從光滑(hua)到(dao)扁(bian)平(ping);色(se)澤從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),勻(yun)(yun)整潔凈。內(nei)質:栗香濃郁(yu),從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)香到(dao)純(chun)正;滋味(wei)(wei)醇厚,無異味(wei)(wei);湯色(se)從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang);葉(xie)(xie)底從嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)亮(liang)(liang)。(3)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)茶(cha)。外形(xing)(xing):扁(bian)平(ping)挺直(zhi),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)潤(run)勻(yun)(yun)齊。內(nei)質:栗香高(gao)而持久,湯色(se)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)清澈;滋味(wei)(wei)鮮醇爽口(kou);葉(xie)(xie)底嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)(liang)均勻(yun)(yun)。
2、內在品質指標(biao):沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)具有(you)葉片肥厚、香(xiang)氣高、滋味鮮爽醇(chun)和、耐(nai)沖(chong)泡(pao)、湯(tang)色嫩綠(lv)明(ming)亮、并帶有(you)獨(du)特的板栗(li)香(xiang)等特點(dian)。這些特點(dian)的形成與(yu)其(qi)特有(you)的鮮葉形態與(yu)內在營養成分(fen)是分(fen)不開(kai)的,具體指標(biao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):水浸(jin)出物40-45%、氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)4.0-4.5%、茶(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚(fen)28.0-32.0%、咖啡堿4.0-4.5%,而南(nan)(nan)方茶(cha)(cha)的水浸(jin)出物為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)38.9%、氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.39%、茶(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)24.61%、咖啡堿為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.8%。由此可知,沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)中所含(han)氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)、茶(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚(fen)、水浸(jin)出物三項指標(biao)較南(nan)(nan)方茶(cha)(cha)含(han)量分(fen)別高出155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而且茶(cha)(cha)多(duo)酚(fen)與(yu)氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)比值小于(yu)10,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)品質最佳比例,能使茶(cha)(cha)湯(tang)清(qing)香(xiang)甘醇(chun),耐(nai)沖(chong)泡(pao);同時由于(yu)沂蒙(meng)山區獨(du)特的地(di)理條件,使沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)含(han)豐富(fu)有(you)益(yi)礦物質,因此,沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)是一種理想的健康飲(yin)品。
3、安(an)全要求:沂蒙綠茶(cha)必須(xu)達(da)到(dao)農業部“無公害食品(pin)茶(cha)葉(xie)”的(de)衛(wei)生指(zhi)標。有《農產品(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)全法》第三(san)十三(san)條規(gui)定情(qing)形(xing)的(de)不得(de)上市(shi)銷(xiao)售。