一.產品介紹
沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)產于山(shan)東省臨(lin)沂(yi)市,俗稱沂(yi)蒙(meng)山(shan)區,屬暖溫帶季風區大陸性氣候(hou),四季分明,氣候(hou)溫和,雨量(liang)充(chong)(chong)沛,光照充(chong)(chong)足,常年平(ping)均降水量(liang)800毫米左(zuo)右,平(ping)均氣溫130C,年平(ping)均日(ri)照時(shi)數2400~2600小時(shi),無(wu)霜期200多(duo)天,境內(nei)有眾多(duo)丘陵、水庫。獨(du)特的(de)地理(li)位(wei)置、優(you)良的(de)土壤質(zhi)地和適宜的(de)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件,致使(shi)生產的(de)沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)具有“芽葉肥厚、栗香高(gao)爽、滋(zi)味醇濃、極耐沖泡”等品(pin)質(zhi),飲譽(yu)中外。據(ju)測定,沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)中所含氨基酸、茶(cha)多(duo)酚、水浸出(chu)物(wu)等指標都較南方茶(cha)含量(liang)高(gao),是一種理(li)想的(de)健康飲品(pin)。
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境
1、地形地貌:臨沂(yi)市地處(chu)魯中南丘(qiu)陵區(qu)東(dong)南部(bu)(bu)和魯東(dong)丘(qiu)陵區(qu)南部(bu)(bu)。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)山區(qu),南部(bu)(bu)為(wei)平(ping)原,整個地勢大(da)致呈西北(bei)高而東(dong)南低。南部(bu)(bu)的平(ping)原為(wei)沂(yi)沭河沖積(ji)(ji)而成,又稱臨郯蒼平(ping)原。這里海拔高度一般在50米(mi)以上,有“山東(dong)小江南”之稱。沂(yi)山、魯山、蒙山、尼山四(si)條主(zhu)要(yao)山脈呈西北(bei)-東(dong)南走向,較大(da)山頭100余座。山地丘(qiu)陵約占(zhan)總面積(ji)(ji)的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)質特(te)點:全(quan)(quan)市土(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1718992.74 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)省土(tu)(tu)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)10.93%。境內西(xi)部、北(bei)部為(wei)山區,東部為(wei)丘陵區。中南部為(wei)平原。山地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)313855.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)18%;丘陵為(wei)758812.00公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)44 %;平原洼地(di) 46341.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型可分(fen)為(wei):棕壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、 潮土(tu)(tu)、砂姜(jiang)黑土(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)五類(lei),十一個亞類(lei)。其中,棕壤(rang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)615625.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.7%;潮土(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.3 %;砂姜(jiang)土(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%;水稻土(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 3.4%。據2006年全(quan)(quan)市土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查測定棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)中的(de)有機質含量平均1.1%、水解氮(dan)116.75mg/kg、有效磷47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀85.4 mg/kg,pH值6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚,土(tu)(tu)質疏松,保水保肥能(neng)力(li)強,適合茶樹生長。
3、氣(qi)候特點:臨沂市(shi)屬于典型的(de)(de)暖溫帶大(da)陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候,冬季寒冷干燥,夏季高溫多雨(yu),春季多風(feng)少雨(yu),秋(qiu)季涼爽晴朗,四季分明。極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫-24、9℃,極(ji)端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫40℃。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)856. mm,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)集中在5-8月(yue)份,占全年降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)71%;其季節分布(bu)是3-5月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)121.2mm、占14.1%,6-8月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)545.2mm、占63.6%,9-11月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)151.0mm、占17.6%,12-2月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)39.4mm、占4.6%,空氣(qi)相(xiang)對濕度70%左(zuo)右(you)。光(guang)(guang)照資(zi)源豐(feng)富,日照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間長,光(guang)(guang)照充足,有利于作(zuo)物光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用,常年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2458.9小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),占全年可照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)55%。
4、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:臨沂(yi)市(shi)境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)系發(fa)育呈(cheng)脈狀分布,有(you)沂(yi)河(he)(he)(he)、沭河(he)(he)(he)、中運河(he)(he)(he)、濱(bin)海(hai)四(si)大(da)水(shui)(shui)系,區域劃分屬淮河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域。主要河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)為沂(yi)河(he)(he)(he)和沭河(he)(he)(he),有(you)較(jiao)大(da)支流(liu)1035條(tiao),10公(gong)里以上(shang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)300余(yu)條(tiao)。境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)利設施配套(tao)齊全,地下水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充(chong)足,農(nong)田排(pai)灌設施配套(tao),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈,無(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran),達到(dao)了旱能澆、澇能排(pai)。同時沂(yi)蒙綠(lv)茶種植區內無(wu)(wu)大(da)型工廠,灌溉水(shui)(shui)均來自山泉水(shui)(shui),不受污(wu)(wu)染(ran)。無(wu)(wu)“三廢”排(pai)放(fang)和空氣(qi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran),也沒(mei)有(you)重金屬污(wu)(wu)染(ran)歷(li)史。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)蒙綠茶(cha)產于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi),俗稱沂(yi)蒙山(shan)區(qu)(qu),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)級(ji)市(shi)(shi)。位于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部,地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標為:東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北緯34°22′-36°22′,素有“魯東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)大門”之稱。它東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與日照市(shi)(shi)接壤,西連泰(tai)安、濟寧和棗莊三(san)市(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)鄰江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)連云港市(shi)(shi),北靠濰坊、淄博兩(liang)市(shi)(shi),為齊魯大地(di)(di)與江淮地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)交往的(de)重(zhong)要通道。臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)現(xian)轄(xia)(xia)3區(qu)(qu)(蘭(lan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)(qu)、羅莊區(qu)(qu))9縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(費縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、郯城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)沭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、莒南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),沂(yi)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沂(yi)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒙陰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),南(nan)(nan)北最(zui)大距離228千米,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西最(zui)大距離161千米,總面積(ji)(ji)17257、52平方千米,是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)17個地(di)(di)級(ji)市(shi)(shi)中面積(ji)(ji)和人口最(zui)大的(de)市(shi)(shi)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官(guan)特征:(1)卷(juan)曲形(xing)茶(cha)外形(xing):條索(suo)卷(juan)曲、緊(jin)結、勻整;不同(tong)級別(bie)(bie)茶(cha)葉(xie)色澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)翠綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)到(dao)墨綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),但不得枯黃(huang)(huang)、斷碎。內質:香(xiang)氣高,從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)栗香(xiang)到(dao)純正;湯(tang)色從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮,不渾濁;滋味濃醇、無(wu)異(yi)味;葉(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮。(2)扁(bian)形(xing)茶(cha)外形(xing):光扁(bian)平直,不同(tong)級別(bie)(bie)茶(cha)葉(xie)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)光滑(hua)到(dao)扁(bian)平;色澤從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv),勻整潔凈。內質:栗香(xiang)濃郁(yu),從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)香(xiang)到(dao)純正;滋味醇厚,無(wu)異(yi)味;湯(tang)色從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮;葉(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮到(dao)黃(huang)(huang)亮。(3)針形(xing)茶(cha)。外形(xing):扁(bian)平挺直,綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)潤勻齊(qi)。內質:栗香(xiang)高而持久,湯(tang)色嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)清澈;滋味鮮醇爽口;葉(xie)底(di)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮均勻。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標:沂蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)具(ju)有(you)葉(xie)片肥厚、香(xiang)氣高、滋味鮮(xian)爽(shuang)醇和(he)、耐沖(chong)泡、湯(tang)色嫩綠明亮(liang)、并帶有(you)獨特(te)的板栗香(xiang)等特(te)點(dian)。這些特(te)點(dian)的形成(cheng)與(yu)其特(te)有(you)的鮮(xian)葉(xie)形態(tai)與(yu)內(nei)在營養成(cheng)分(fen)是分(fen)不(bu)開的,具(ju)體指標為(wei)(wei):水浸出物40-45%、氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)4.0-4.5%、茶(cha)多酚(fen)28.0-32.0%、咖(ka)啡堿4.0-4.5%,而(er)(er)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)茶(cha)的水浸出物為(wei)(wei)38.9%、氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)為(wei)(wei)2.39%、茶(cha)多酚(fen)為(wei)(wei)24.61%、咖(ka)啡堿為(wei)(wei)3.8%。由此可知,沂蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)中(zhong)所含(han)氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)、茶(cha)多酚(fen)、水浸出物三項(xiang)指標較南(nan)(nan)方(fang)茶(cha)含(han)量分(fen)別高出155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而(er)(er)且茶(cha)多酚(fen)與(yu)氨(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)比(bi)(bi)值小于(yu)10,為(wei)(wei)綠茶(cha)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)最佳比(bi)(bi)例,能使(shi)茶(cha)湯(tang)清香(xiang)甘醇,耐沖(chong)泡;同時由于(yu)沂蒙(meng)山區獨特(te)的地理條(tiao)件,使(shi)沂蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)含(han)豐富有(you)益礦物質(zhi)(zhi),因此,沂蒙(meng)綠茶(cha)是一種理想(xiang)的健康(kang)飲品(pin)。
3、安(an)全要求(qiu):沂(yi)蒙綠茶必須達到(dao)農業部“無(wu)公害食品茶葉(xie)”的衛生指標(biao)。有《農產品質量安(an)全法》第三十三條規定情形的不得上市(shi)銷售。