一.產品介紹
沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶產(chan)于山東省(sheng)臨沂市,俗稱沂蒙(meng)山區(qu),屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風區(qu)大陸性氣(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量充沛,光照(zhao)充足,常年平(ping)均降水(shui)量800毫(hao)米左右,平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)130C,年平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數2400~2600小(xiao)時,無(wu)霜期200多天,境內有眾多丘陵、水(shui)庫(ku)。獨特的(de)地(di)(di)理位置、優良的(de)土(tu)壤質地(di)(di)和適宜(yi)的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,致使生產(chan)的(de)沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶具有“芽葉肥厚(hou)、栗香(xiang)高爽、滋味醇濃、極(ji)耐(nai)沖泡”等(deng)品(pin)(pin)質,飲(yin)譽中外。據測定,沂蒙(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶中所含(han)氨基酸、茶多酚、水(shui)浸(jin)出物(wu)等(deng)指標都(dou)較南方茶含(han)量高,是一(yi)種理想的(de)健康飲(yin)品(pin)(pin)。
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境
1、地形地貌:臨(lin)沂市地處魯中南(nan)(nan)(nan)丘陵區東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和魯東(dong)丘陵區南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區,南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)為平原(yuan),整(zheng)個地勢大致(zhi)呈西(xi)北(bei)高(gao)而東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)低。南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)的平原(yuan)為沂沭(shu)河沖積而成(cheng),又稱(cheng)臨(lin)郯蒼(cang)平原(yuan)。這里海拔高(gao)度一(yi)般在50米以上(shang),有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)小(xiao)江南(nan)(nan)(nan)”之稱(cheng)。沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、尼(ni)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)四條(tiao)主要山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈呈西(xi)北(bei)-東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)走向,較大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭100余(yu)座。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地丘陵約占總面積的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)質特點:全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)地總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1718992.74 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)省土(tu)(tu)地總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)10.93%。境(jing)內西部、北部為(wei)山區(qu),東部為(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)。中(zhong)(zhong)南部為(wei)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)。山地面(mian)積(ji)313855.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)18%;丘(qiu)陵(ling)為(wei)758812.00公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝)占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)44 %;平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)洼地 46341.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)壤類型可分為(wei):棕壤、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、 潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、砂(sha)姜黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)五(wu)類,十一個亞類。其中(zhong)(zhong),棕壤面(mian)積(ji)615625.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝),占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝)占(zhan)33.7%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝,占(zhan)16.3 %;砂(sha)姜土(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝),占(zhan)5.4%;水稻土(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝),占(zhan) 3.4%。據2006年全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)壤普查測定(ding)棕壤土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有(you)機質含量平(ping)(ping)均1.1%、水解氮116.75mg/kg、有(you)效磷(lin)47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀(jia)85.4 mg/kg,pH值6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)質疏松,保水保肥(fei)能力(li)強,適合(he)茶樹(shu)生長。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點:臨沂市(shi)屬(shu)于(yu)典型的(de)暖溫帶大陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),冬季(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)干燥,夏季(ji)高溫多(duo)雨(yu),春季(ji)多(duo)風(feng)少雨(yu),秋季(ji)涼(liang)爽晴(qing)朗,四季(ji)分明。極端(duan)最低氣(qi)溫-24、9℃,極端(duan)最高氣(qi)溫40℃。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量為856. mm,降(jiang)水集中在5-8月(yue)(yue)份,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量的(de)71%;其季(ji)節分布(bu)是(shi)3-5月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量為121.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)14.1%,6-8月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量為545.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)63.6%,9-11月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量為151.0mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.6%,12-2月(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量為39.4mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.6%,空氣(qi)相對濕度70%左右。光(guang)照(zhao)資源豐富,日(ri)照(zhao)時間(jian)長,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,有利于(yu)作(zuo)物(wu)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用,常年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數為2458.9小時,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)可照(zhao)時間(jian)的(de)55%。
4、水文情況:臨沂市境內(nei)水系發(fa)育(yu)呈脈狀分(fen)布(bu),有(you)沂河(he)、沭(shu)河(he)、中運河(he)、濱海四大水系,區域劃分(fen)屬淮(huai)河(he)流(liu)域。主要河(he)流(liu)為沂河(he)和沭(shu)河(he),有(you)較(jiao)大支流(liu)1035條(tiao),10公里以上河(he)流(liu)300余條(tiao)。境內(nei)水利(li)設施配套齊全(quan),地下水源充(chong)足(zu),農田排(pai)灌設施配套,水質清澈,無污(wu)染,達(da)到了(le)旱(han)能(neng)澆(jiao)、澇能(neng)排(pai)。同時沂蒙綠茶種植區內(nei)無大型工廠,灌溉水均來自山泉水,不受污(wu)染。無“三廢”排(pai)放和空氣污(wu)染,也(ye)沒有(you)重金屬污(wu)染歷史。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)蒙綠茶產于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi),俗稱沂(yi)蒙山(shan)區(qu),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省所轄地(di)級(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。位于山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部,地(di)理坐(zuo)標為:東(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北(bei)(bei)緯34°22′-36°22′,素有“魯(lu)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大門”之稱。它東(dong)(dong)與日照市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤(rang),西(xi)連泰安(an)、濟寧和棗(zao)莊三(san)市(shi)(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)鄰江(jiang)蘇省連云港(gang)市(shi)(shi)(shi),北(bei)(bei)靠濰坊、淄博兩市(shi)(shi)(shi),為齊(qi)魯(lu)大地(di)與江(jiang)淮地(di)區(qu)交(jiao)往(wang)的重要通道(dao)。臨(lin)沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現轄3區(qu)(蘭(lan)山(shan)區(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)區(qu)、羅莊區(qu))9縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(費縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平邑(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、郯(tan)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨(lin)沭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、莒(ju)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),沂(yi)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、沂(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒙陰縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)最大距離228千(qian)(qian)(qian)米,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)最大距離161千(qian)(qian)(qian)米,總面(mian)(mian)積17257、52平方千(qian)(qian)(qian)米,是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省17個地(di)級(ji)市(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)面(mian)(mian)積和人口最大的市(shi)(shi)(shi)。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感官特征:(1)卷曲形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)外(wai)形(xing):條索卷曲、緊結、勻整;不(bu)同級(ji)別(bie)茶(cha)(cha)葉色(se)(se)澤從(cong)翠綠到墨綠,但不(bu)得(de)枯黃(huang)、斷碎。內(nei)(nei)質(zhi)(zhi):香氣高,從(cong)嫩(nen)栗(li)(li)(li)香到純正;湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)從(cong)嫩(nen)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃(huang)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang),不(bu)渾濁;滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)濃醇(chun)、無異(yi)味(wei)(wei);葉底從(cong)嫩(nen)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃(huang)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)。(2)扁形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)外(wai)形(xing):光扁平(ping)(ping)直,不(bu)同級(ji)別(bie)茶(cha)(cha)葉從(cong)光滑到扁平(ping)(ping);色(se)(se)澤從(cong)嫩(nen)綠到黃(huang)綠,勻整潔(jie)凈(jing)。內(nei)(nei)質(zhi)(zhi):栗(li)(li)(li)香濃郁(yu),從(cong)嫩(nen)香到純正;滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)醇(chun)厚(hou),無異(yi)味(wei)(wei);湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)從(cong)嫩(nen)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃(huang)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang);葉底從(cong)嫩(nen)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃(huang)亮(liang)。(3)針形(xing)茶(cha)(cha)。外(wai)形(xing):扁平(ping)(ping)挺直,綠潤勻齊(qi)。內(nei)(nei)質(zhi)(zhi):栗(li)(li)(li)香高而持久,湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)嫩(nen)綠清(qing)澈;滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)鮮醇(chun)爽口;葉底嫩(nen)綠明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)均勻。
2、內(nei)在品(pin)質指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao):沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶具有葉(xie)片肥厚、香(xiang)氣高、滋(zi)味鮮爽醇和、耐(nai)沖泡(pao)、湯(tang)(tang)色嫩綠(lv)(lv)明亮(liang)、并(bing)帶有獨特(te)的(de)板栗香(xiang)等特(te)點。這些特(te)點的(de)形成與(yu)其特(te)有的(de)鮮葉(xie)形態與(yu)內(nei)在營養成分是分不(bu)開(kai)的(de),具體指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)為(wei):水浸(jin)出(chu)物40-45%、氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)4.0-4.5%、茶多(duo)(duo)酚28.0-32.0%、咖啡堿(jian)4.0-4.5%,而(er)南方茶的(de)水浸(jin)出(chu)物為(wei)38.9%、氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)為(wei)2.39%、茶多(duo)(duo)酚為(wei)24.61%、咖啡堿(jian)為(wei)3.8%。由此可知,沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶中所(suo)含(han)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)、茶多(duo)(duo)酚、水浸(jin)出(chu)物三項指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)較南方茶含(han)量分別高出(chu)155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而(er)且茶多(duo)(duo)酚與(yu)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)比值小于(yu)10,為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)茶品(pin)質最佳比例,能(neng)使茶湯(tang)(tang)清香(xiang)甘醇,耐(nai)沖泡(pao);同時由于(yu)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)山區獨特(te)的(de)地理條件,使沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶含(han)豐(feng)富有益礦物質,因此,沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)茶是一種理想的(de)健(jian)康(kang)飲品(pin)。
3、安(an)全要求:沂蒙綠茶必須(xu)達到農(nong)業(ye)部“無公害(hai)食品茶葉”的衛生指標。有(you)《農(nong)產品質(zhi)量安(an)全法(fa)》第三(san)十三(san)條(tiao)規定情形的不得上市銷售。