一.產品介紹
沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶產于(yu)山東省臨沂(yi)(yi)市,俗稱(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)山區(qu),屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風區(qu)大陸性氣(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量充沛,光(guang)照充足(zu),常年平均降水量800毫米(mi)左右,平均氣(qi)溫(wen)130C,年平均日照時數2400~2600小時,無霜(shuang)期200多天,境(jing)內有眾多丘陵、水庫。獨特的(de)地(di)理(li)位置(zhi)、優良(liang)的(de)土壤質(zhi)地(di)和適(shi)宜的(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件,致使生(sheng)產的(de)沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶具有“芽(ya)葉肥厚、栗香高爽、滋味(wei)醇濃(nong)、極耐沖泡(pao)”等品質(zhi),飲譽(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)外。據測定,沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)含氨基酸、茶多酚、水浸出物等指標都較南方(fang)茶含量高,是一種理(li)想的(de)健康飲品。
二.自然生態環境
1、地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌:臨(lin)沂(yi)市地(di)處魯中南(nan)丘陵(ling)區東(dong)南(nan)部和魯東(dong)丘陵(ling)區南(nan)部。北部為(wei)山(shan)(shan)區,南(nan)部為(wei)平(ping)原,整個地(di)勢(shi)大(da)致呈西(xi)北高(gao)(gao)而(er)東(dong)南(nan)低。南(nan)部的平(ping)原為(wei)沂(yi)沭河沖積(ji)而(er)成,又稱臨(lin)郯蒼平(ping)原。這里海拔高(gao)(gao)度一般在50米以上,有(you)“山(shan)(shan)東(dong)小江南(nan)”之稱。沂(yi)山(shan)(shan)、魯山(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)、尼山(shan)(shan)四條主要山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)呈西(xi)北-東(dong)南(nan)走(zou)向,較(jiao)大(da)山(shan)(shan)頭(tou)100余座。山(shan)(shan)地(di)丘陵(ling)約占總面積(ji)的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質特點:全(quan)市(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)1718992.74 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)省土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)10.93%。境內西部(bu)(bu)、北部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)區,東部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)丘陵區。中(zhong)南部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)平原(yuan)。山(shan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)313855.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)18%;丘陵為(wei)(wei)758812.00公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝(mu))占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)44 %;平原(yuan)洼地(di) 46341.00 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型可(ke)分為(wei)(wei):棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、 潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、砂(sha)姜(jiang)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)五(wu)類,十一個亞類。其中(zhong),棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)615625.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝(mu))占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.7%;潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.3 %;砂(sha)姜(jiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%;水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 3.4%。據2006年全(quan)市(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)普查測定棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)的(de)有機質含量(liang)平均1.1%、水(shui)解(jie)氮116.75mg/kg、有效磷47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀(jia)85.4 mg/kg,pH值6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏(shu)松(song),保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)能力(li)強(qiang),適合茶樹生長。
3、氣候(hou)特點:臨沂市屬于典型的暖溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣候(hou),冬季(ji)寒冷干燥,夏季(ji)高溫(wen)多(duo)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),春季(ji)多(duo)風少雨(yu)(yu)(yu),秋季(ji)涼爽晴朗,四季(ji)分明。極端最(zui)低氣溫(wen)-24、9℃,極端最(zui)高氣溫(wen)40℃。年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)為856. mm,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中在5-8月份,占全(quan)年降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的71%;其(qi)季(ji)節(jie)分布(bu)是3-5月平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為121.2mm、占14.1%,6-8月平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為545.2mm、占63.6%,9-11月平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為151.0mm、占17.6%,12-2月平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)為39.4mm、占4.6%,空氣相對濕度70%左右。光(guang)照(zhao)資源豐富(fu),日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)間(jian)長,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,有利于作物光(guang)合作用,常(chang)年平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為2458.9小時(shi),占全(quan)年可(ke)照(zhao)時(shi)間(jian)的55%。
4、水(shui)(shui)文情況:臨沂(yi)市(shi)境內水(shui)(shui)系發(fa)育呈脈(mo)狀分布(bu),有(you)沂(yi)河(he)、沭河(he)、中運河(he)、濱海四(si)大水(shui)(shui)系,區域劃分屬(shu)淮(huai)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域。主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)為沂(yi)河(he)和沭河(he),有(you)較大支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)1035條,10公里以上河(he)流(liu)(liu)300余(yu)條。境內水(shui)(shui)利設(she)施(shi)配套齊全,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充足,農(nong)田排灌設(she)施(shi)配套,水(shui)(shui)質清(qing)澈(che),無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染,達到(dao)了(le)旱能(neng)澆、澇能(neng)排。同時沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶種(zhong)植區內無(wu)(wu)大型工廠(chang),灌溉水(shui)(shui)均來(lai)自山泉水(shui)(shui),不(bu)受污(wu)染。無(wu)(wu)“三廢”排放(fang)和空(kong)氣污(wu)染,也沒有(you)重金屬(shu)污(wu)染歷(li)史。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠茶產(chan)于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省臨沂(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi),俗稱(cheng)沂(yi)(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)區(qu),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省所轄地(di)(di)(di)級市(shi)(shi)(shi)。位于(yu)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南部,地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為:東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)經117°24′-119°11′、北緯34°22′-36°22′,素有“魯東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南大(da)門”之稱(cheng)。它東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與日照市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤(rang),西連(lian)泰安、濟寧和棗莊三市(shi)(shi)(shi),南鄰(lin)江蘇省連(lian)云港市(shi)(shi)(shi),北靠(kao)濰坊(fang)、淄博兩(liang)市(shi)(shi)(shi),為齊魯大(da)地(di)(di)(di)與江淮地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)交(jiao)往的重要通道。臨沂(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)現轄3區(qu)(蘭山(shan)區(qu)、河東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)、羅莊區(qu))9縣(xian)(費縣(xian)、平邑縣(xian)、蒼山(shan)縣(xian)、郯城縣(xian)、臨沭縣(xian)、莒南縣(xian),沂(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)縣(xian)、沂(yi)(yi)(yi)南縣(xian)、蒙(meng)(meng)陰縣(xian)),南北最(zui)大(da)距離(li)228千(qian)米(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西最(zui)大(da)距離(li)161千(qian)米(mi)(mi),總面(mian)積17257、52平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi),是山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省17個地(di)(di)(di)級市(shi)(shi)(shi)中面(mian)積和人口最(zui)大(da)的市(shi)(shi)(shi)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征
1、外(wai)在感官(guan)特征:(1)卷曲形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶(cha)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):條索卷曲、緊結、勻(yun)整(zheng);不(bu)同級別茶(cha)葉(xie)色澤(ze)從(cong)(cong)翠綠(lv)到墨綠(lv),但(dan)不(bu)得枯黃、斷碎。內(nei)質(zhi):香氣高,從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)栗(li)香到純正;湯(tang)色從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)到黃綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang),不(bu)渾(hun)濁;滋(zi)味濃醇(chun)、無異味;葉(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)到黃綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。(2)扁(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶(cha)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):光扁(bian)平(ping)(ping)直(zhi),不(bu)同級別茶(cha)葉(xie)從(cong)(cong)光滑到扁(bian)平(ping)(ping);色澤(ze)從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)綠(lv)到黃綠(lv),勻(yun)整(zheng)潔凈。內(nei)質(zhi):栗(li)香濃郁(yu),從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)香到純正;滋(zi)味醇(chun)厚,無異味;湯(tang)色從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)到黃綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang);葉(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)到黃亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。(3)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)茶(cha)。外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing):扁(bian)平(ping)(ping)挺(ting)直(zhi),綠(lv)潤勻(yun)齊。內(nei)質(zhi):栗(li)香高而持久(jiu),湯(tang)色嫩(nen)綠(lv)清澈;滋(zi)味鮮(xian)醇(chun)爽(shuang)口;葉(xie)底(di)嫩(nen)綠(lv)明亮(liang)(liang)(liang)均勻(yun)。
2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)具有葉(xie)片(pian)肥厚、香(xiang)氣高、滋味鮮爽(shuang)醇和、耐(nai)沖泡(pao)、湯(tang)色嫩綠(lv)明(ming)亮、并(bing)帶(dai)有獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)板栗香(xiang)等(deng)特(te)點。這些特(te)點的(de)(de)形成與(yu)(yu)其特(te)有的(de)(de)鮮葉(xie)形態與(yu)(yu)內(nei)在營養成分(fen)(fen)是分(fen)(fen)不開的(de)(de),具體指標為(wei):水浸出(chu)物(wu)(wu)40-45%、氨(an)基酸4.0-4.5%、茶(cha)多(duo)酚28.0-32.0%、咖啡堿4.0-4.5%,而南(nan)方(fang)(fang)茶(cha)的(de)(de)水浸出(chu)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)38.9%、氨(an)基酸為(wei)2.39%、茶(cha)多(duo)酚為(wei)24.61%、咖啡堿為(wei)3.8%。由(you)此(ci)可知,沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)中所含氨(an)基酸、茶(cha)多(duo)酚、水浸出(chu)物(wu)(wu)三項指標較南(nan)方(fang)(fang)茶(cha)含量分(fen)(fen)別高出(chu)155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而且茶(cha)多(duo)酚與(yu)(yu)氨(an)基酸比(bi)值(zhi)小于10,為(wei)綠(lv)茶(cha)品質(zhi)最(zui)佳比(bi)例,能使(shi)茶(cha)湯(tang)清香(xiang)甘醇,耐(nai)沖泡(pao);同時(shi)由(you)于沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)山區獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)地理條件,使(shi)沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)含豐富有益(yi)礦物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),因此(ci),沂蒙(meng)(meng)(meng)綠(lv)茶(cha)是一種理想的(de)(de)健康飲品。
3、安全要(yao)求:沂蒙綠茶必(bi)須達到農業(ye)部“無公害食品茶葉”的衛生指標。有《農產品質量(liang)安全法》第三十三條規定情形的不得上(shang)市銷售。