一.產品介紹
沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)產于(yu)山(shan)東省臨沂(yi)市,俗稱沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)區(qu),屬暖溫帶(dai)季風(feng)區(qu)大陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),四(si)季分明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,雨量(liang)充沛,光照(zhao)充足,常(chang)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)800毫米左右,平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫130C,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數2400~2600小(xiao)時(shi),無(wu)霜期200多天,境內有眾多丘陵、水庫。獨特的(de)地理位置、優良的(de)土壤質(zhi)地和適宜的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件,致使生產的(de)沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)具(ju)有“芽(ya)葉肥(fei)厚(hou)、栗香高(gao)爽、滋(zi)味(wei)醇(chun)濃、極耐沖(chong)泡(pao)”等品質(zhi),飲譽中(zhong)外(wai)。據測定,沂(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠茶(cha)(cha)(cha)中(zhong)所含氨基(ji)酸、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多酚(fen)、水浸出物等指標(biao)都較南方茶(cha)(cha)(cha)含量(liang)高(gao),是一(yi)種理想(xiang)的(de)健(jian)康(kang)飲品。
二.自然生態環境
1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌:臨沂市地(di)(di)處魯中南(nan)(nan)丘(qiu)陵區東(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)和魯東(dong)丘(qiu)陵區南(nan)(nan)部(bu)。北部(bu)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區,南(nan)(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)原(yuan),整個地(di)(di)勢大致呈西北高而(er)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)低(di)。南(nan)(nan)部(bu)的平(ping)原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)沂沭河沖積而(er)成,又(you)稱臨郯蒼平(ping)原(yuan)。這里海拔(ba)高度一般在50米以上,有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)小江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)”之(zhi)稱。沂山(shan)(shan)(shan)、魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)、尼山(shan)(shan)(shan)四條主(zhu)要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈呈西北-東(dong)南(nan)(nan)走(zou)向,較大山(shan)(shan)(shan)頭100余座。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵約占總(zong)面積的61%。
2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質特(te)點:全市(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)1718992.74 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(25784891.1畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全省土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)10.93%。境內西部、北部為(wei)山(shan)區,東部為(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區。中南部為(wei)平(ping)(ping)原。山(shan)地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)313855.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(4707825.0畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)18%;丘(qiu)陵(ling)為(wei)758812.00公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(11382180.0畝(mu)(mu))占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)44 %;平(ping)(ping)原洼地 46341.00 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(96915115.0畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)38%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型可(ke)分為(wei):棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、 潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、砂姜黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)五類,十一個亞類。其中,棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)615625.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(9234382.5畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)14.2%;褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)503586.70 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(75535800.5畝(mu)(mu))占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)33.7%;潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)242955.30公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(3644329.5畝(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.3 %;砂姜土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)81217.80公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(1218267.0畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)5.4%;水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)51261.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(768921.0畝(mu)(mu)),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 3.4%。據2006年(nian)全市(shi)(shi)(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查測(ce)定(ding)棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中的(de)有(you)機質含量(liang)平(ping)(ping)均1.1%、水(shui)解氮(dan)116.75mg/kg、有(you)效磷(lin)47.4 mg/kg,速效鉀85.4 mg/kg,pH值6.5左右。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松,保水(shui)保肥能力(li)強,適合茶樹生(sheng)長(chang)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候特點(dian):臨沂市屬于典型的暖溫帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候,冬季(ji)寒冷干燥(zao),夏(xia)季(ji)高溫多雨(yu),春季(ji)多風(feng)少雨(yu),秋季(ji)涼爽(shuang)晴朗,四季(ji)分明(ming)。極(ji)(ji)端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫-24、9℃,極(ji)(ji)端最高氣(qi)(qi)溫40℃。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)856. mm,降(jiang)水集中(zhong)在5-8月(yue)份,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年降(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)的71%;其(qi)季(ji)節分布是3-5月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)121.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)14.1%,6-8月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)545.2mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)63.6%,9-11月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)151.0mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17.6%,12-2月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)39.4mm、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.6%,空氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)對(dui)濕度70%左右。光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,日照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)長(chang),光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,有利于作物光(guang)(guang)合(he)作用(yong),常年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)(wei)2458.9小時,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)年可(ke)照(zhao)(zhao)時間(jian)的55%。
4、水(shui)文情況(kuang):臨(lin)沂市境內水(shui)系(xi)發育(yu)呈脈(mo)狀分(fen)布,有沂河、沭河、中運河、濱(bin)海四大(da)水(shui)系(xi),區(qu)域劃分(fen)屬淮河流域。主要河流為沂河和(he)沭河,有較(jiao)大(da)支流1035條,10公里以上河流300余(yu)條。境內水(shui)利設(she)施(shi)(shi)配套(tao)齊全,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)源充足,農田排(pai)灌設(she)施(shi)(shi)配套(tao),水(shui)質清澈(che),無(wu)污(wu)染,達到了旱能澆(jiao)、澇(lao)能排(pai)。同時沂蒙(meng)綠茶種植區(qu)內無(wu)大(da)型工廠(chang),灌溉水(shui)均來自山泉水(shui),不(bu)受污(wu)染。無(wu)“三廢”排(pai)放(fang)和(he)空氣污(wu)染,也沒有重(zhong)金屬污(wu)染歷史(shi)。
三.地域范圍
沂(yi)蒙(meng)綠茶產于山(shan)東省(sheng)臨沂(yi)市(shi)(shi),俗(su)稱沂(yi)蒙(meng)山(shan)區,山(shan)東省(sheng)所轄地(di)(di)級市(shi)(shi)。位(wei)于山(shan)東省(sheng)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部,地(di)(di)理坐標為:東經117°24′-119°11′、北(bei)緯34°22′-36°22′,素有“魯(lu)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)門”之稱。它東與日照市(shi)(shi)接壤,西連泰安(an)、濟寧和棗莊三市(shi)(shi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄰江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)連云港市(shi)(shi),北(bei)靠(kao)濰坊、淄博兩市(shi)(shi),為齊魯(lu)大(da)地(di)(di)與江(jiang)淮地(di)(di)區交往的重要(yao)通道。臨沂(yi)市(shi)(shi)現轄3區(蘭(lan)山(shan)區、河東區、羅(luo)莊區)9縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(費(fei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒼(cang)山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、郯(tan)城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、臨沭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、莒南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),沂(yi)水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、沂(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、蒙(meng)陰(yin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)最(zui)大(da)距離(li)228千米(mi)(mi),東西最(zui)大(da)距離(li)161千米(mi)(mi),總面(mian)積(ji)17257、52平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi),是山(shan)東省(sheng)17個地(di)(di)級市(shi)(shi)中面(mian)積(ji)和人口最(zui)大(da)的市(shi)(shi)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感官特(te)征:(1)卷曲形(xing)(xing)茶外(wai)形(xing)(xing):條(tiao)索(suo)卷曲、緊(jin)結、勻整(zheng);不同級(ji)別茶葉(xie)(xie)色澤從(cong)(cong)翠綠(lv)(lv)到墨綠(lv)(lv),但(dan)不得枯(ku)黃、斷碎。內質:香氣高,從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)栗(li)(li)香到純(chun)正;湯(tang)(tang)色從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang),不渾濁;滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)濃醇(chun)(chun)、無(wu)異味(wei);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)。(2)扁(bian)形(xing)(xing)茶外(wai)形(xing)(xing):光扁(bian)平直,不同級(ji)別茶葉(xie)(xie)從(cong)(cong)光滑(hua)到扁(bian)平;色澤從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)到黃綠(lv)(lv),勻整(zheng)潔(jie)凈。內質:栗(li)(li)香濃郁,從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)香到純(chun)正;滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)醇(chun)(chun)厚(hou),無(wu)異味(wei);湯(tang)(tang)色從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)從(cong)(cong)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)到黃亮(liang)。(3)針形(xing)(xing)茶。外(wai)形(xing)(xing):扁(bian)平挺直,綠(lv)(lv)潤勻齊。內質:栗(li)(li)香高而(er)持(chi)久(jiu),湯(tang)(tang)色嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)清澈;滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)鮮醇(chun)(chun)爽口(kou);葉(xie)(xie)底(di)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)明(ming)(ming)亮(liang)均(jun)勻。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)茶具(ju)有葉片肥(fei)厚、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣高、滋味鮮爽醇和、耐(nai)沖泡、湯(tang)色嫩綠(lv)(lv)(lv)明(ming)亮、并帶有獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)板栗香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)特(te)(te)點(dian)。這些(xie)特(te)(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)形(xing)成與其(qi)特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)鮮葉形(xing)態與內在營養(yang)成分是分不開的(de)(de),具(ju)體指標(biao)為(wei):水(shui)浸出物(wu)40-45%、氨(an)基酸(suan)4.0-4.5%、茶多(duo)酚28.0-32.0%、咖(ka)啡(fei)堿4.0-4.5%,而(er)南方茶的(de)(de)水(shui)浸出物(wu)為(wei)38.9%、氨(an)基酸(suan)為(wei)2.39%、茶多(duo)酚為(wei)24.61%、咖(ka)啡(fei)堿為(wei)3.8%。由此可知,沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)茶中所含(han)氨(an)基酸(suan)、茶多(duo)酚、水(shui)浸出物(wu)三項指標(biao)較南方茶含(han)量分別高出155.2%、46.3%、21.9%,而(er)且(qie)茶多(duo)酚與氨(an)基酸(suan)比值(zhi)小(xiao)于(yu)10,為(wei)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)茶品質(zhi)最(zui)佳比例,能使茶湯(tang)清香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甘醇,耐(nai)沖泡;同時由于(yu)沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)山區(qu)獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)地理條件,使沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)茶含(han)豐富有益礦物(wu)質(zhi),因(yin)此,沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)(meng)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)茶是一(yi)種理想的(de)(de)健康飲品。
3、安全要求:沂蒙(meng)綠茶必須達到農(nong)業(ye)部“無公害食品(pin)茶葉”的衛(wei)生指標。有(you)《農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安全法(fa)》第三(san)十三(san)條(tiao)規(gui)定情形(xing)的不(bu)得上市(shi)銷售。