沂蒙黑豬產于山東省臨沂地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)北部沂南、沂水(shui)、莒縣(xian)三(san)縣(xian)交界地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),其中(zhong)以蘇(su)村、張(zhang)家哨、蒲汪、銅(tong)井、姚家店子、十里、四十里鋪、院東頭(tou)、莊町、劉官(guan)莊、愛(ai)國、夏莊等地為中(zhong)心產區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。產區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于沂蒙山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的丘(qiu)陵地帶(dai),歷史上地多(duo)人少,耕作(zuo)粗放,農作(zuo)物一年兩熟或兩年三(san)熟,主產小麥、玉米、花生、甘薯等。飼(si)料來(lai)源較(jiao)豐富,放牧(mu)條件(jian)良(liang)好。群眾養(yang)豬多(duo)年來(lai)形成春買仔豬,夏吊架子,秋(qiu)催肥,入冬出售的習慣。
產地及環境
沂(yi)蒙黑(hei)豬產(chan)于山東(dong)省(sheng)臨沂(yi)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)部沂(yi)南、沂(yi)水(shui)、莒縣(xian)三縣(xian)交界地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),其中以蘇(su)村、張家哨、蒲汪、銅井(jing)、姚家店子、十里(li)、四(si)十里(li)鋪(pu)、院東(dong)頭、莊(zhuang)町、劉官莊(zhuang)、愛國、夏莊(zhuang)等地(di)(di)為中心產(chan)區(qu)(qu)。產(chan)區(qu)(qu)位于沂(yi)蒙山區(qu)(qu)的丘陵地(di)(di)帶,歷史(shi)上(shang)地(di)(di)多人(ren)少(shao),耕作粗放,農作物一年(nian)兩熟(shu)或兩年(nian)三熟(shu),主(zhu)產(chan)小麥、玉米、花生、甘(gan)薯等。飼料來(lai)(lai)源較(jiao)豐富,放牧條件良好。群(qun)眾(zhong)養(yang)豬多年(nian)來(lai)(lai)形成春(chun)買仔豬,夏吊(diao)架子,秋催肥(fei),入冬(dong)出(chu)售的習慣。
品種特征
沂(yi)蒙黑豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)等。頭大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)適(shi)中(zhong),額(e)寬,有金(jin)錢(qian)形(xing)皺紋,耳(er)中(zhong)等大(da)(da)(da),耳(er)根硬,耳(er)尖(jian)向前傾罩,嘴(zui)(zui)筒(tong)短而微撅(jue),頸部寬短。胸寬而深(shen),背腰(yao)平直(zhi)且寬,四(si)肢結實。皮(pi)灰色,毛(mao)黑色。乳頭7~9對。根據體(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)和(he)早熟性,可分為大(da)(da)(da)、中(zhong)、小(xiao)三型(xing)(xing)(xing):大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),體(ti)(ti)(ti)軀較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),結構疏松,四(si)肢粗(cu)壯,頭大(da)(da)(da)而方,嘴(zui)(zui)短微撅(jue)。額(e)部金(jin)錢(qian)皺褶(zhe)較(jiao)深(shen),成(cheng)熟晚,肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般在150公斤以上。小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),體(ti)(ti)(ti)軀較(jiao)小(xiao),皮(pi)薄毛(mao)細,結構緊湊,四(si)肢細短,頭較(jiao)小(xiao),額(e)部金(jin)錢(qian)皺褶(zhe)較(jiao)淺,較(jiao)為早熟,肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)80~90公斤。中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),介于大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)間(jian)。體(ti)(ti)(ti)軀稍長,皮(pi)灰毛(mao)稀,生(sheng)長發育較(jiao)快,肉質(zhi)好(hao),肥育豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)100~120公斤。中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)最(zui)受群眾歡迎,發展較(jiao)快,是選育的重(zhong)(zhong)點。
品種性能
沂蒙(meng)黑豬(zhu)成年公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)平均(jun)體(ti)重199.00±7.51公(gong)(gong)斤,體(ti)長153.20±2.46厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),胸圍132.80±2.01厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),體(ti)高(gao)80.64±1.06厘米(mi)(mi)(mi);成年母豬(zhu)相應(ying)為:154.33±2.58公(gong)(gong)斤,139.00±0.73厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),122.45±0.85厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),71.30±0.49厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 沂蒙(meng)黑豬(zhu)數量多,分(fen)布廣,具有耐粗放飼養、肉(rou)質好、屠宰率(lv)高(gao)等特點。