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產地環境

涼山(shan)州(zhou)具有(you)發(fa)展馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)獨特自然資源，獨特的(de)(de)(de)立體氣(qi)(qi)候條件，一(yi)(yi)年四季都可以種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。高二(er)半山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、河谷流域、平(ping)壩地區(qu)(qu)具有(you)與馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)原產(chan)地極其相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態條件和良好的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)環境，被譽為中(zhong)國(guo)最佳(jia)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)域之一(yi)(yi)。涼山(shan)州(zhou)一(yi)(yi)年可種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)、秋、冬三季馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)，而且能規(gui)模發(fa)展。秋、冬季主(zhu)要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)菜用(yong)(yong)型馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)，春(chun)季主(zhu)要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)淀粉加工(gong)(gong)型、菜用(yong)(yong)型和糧用(yong)(yong)型馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。涼山(shan)州(zhou)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)主(zhu)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)遠(yuan)離城區(qu)(qu)，無(wu)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)污(wu)染(ran)，海拔較(jiao)高，晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)，光(guang)照充足，空氣(qi)(qi)清新，水質純凈(jing)，雨(yu)水充沛，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)涼，有(you)利于馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發(fa)育、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊的(de)(de)(de)膨(peng)大(da)、干物質的(de)(de)(de)積累和保(bao)持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)特性。相(xiang)同品種(zhong)(zhong)在該州(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)，淀粉含量比其它地區(qu)(qu)提高1～2個百分點，有(you)利于加工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)相(xiang)關產(chan)品。

品種品質

涼山馬鈴薯(shu)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)主要有(you)米拉、涼薯(shu)97、涼薯(shu)3、涼薯(shu)30、涼薯(shu)14號、克(ke)(ke)疫(yi)等。隨著市場(chang)發展的(de)需求(qiu)，加大了(le)新(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)選育、引進和(he)推廣力度，先后選育引進試驗示(shi)范(fan)推廣了(le)涼薯(shu)17、涼薯(shu)8號、合作88、會-2、HP2、抗青9-1、大西洋(yang)、布爾班(ban)克(ke)(ke)等品(pin)種(zhong)，既有(you)淀粉含(han)量高、芽眼(yan)淺(qian)的(de)淀粉加工型(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)，又有(you)早熟(shu)、淀粉含(han)量低的(de)菜用型(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)薯(shu)條(tiao)、薯(shu)片加工型(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)，還有(you)烏洋(yang)芋等地方特色品(pin)種(zhong)。

涼(liang)山馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊大，商品薯(shu)(shu)(shu)比例(li)高(gao)，畸(ji)形薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)、爛(lan)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)較少(shao)，耐貯藏(zang)。主栽品種淀粉含(han)量(liang)高(gao)，平(ping)均(jun)淀粉含(han)量(liang)在(zai)16%以上，最(zui)高(gao)的(de)涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)14達到(dao)20.07%；干(gan)物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)高(gao)，平(ping)均(jun)干(gan)物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)在(zai)24%以上。

截(jie)至2010年，涼(liang)山馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯獲得了(le)國家(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志、全(quan)國綠色(se)食品(pin)原料馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯標(biao)(biao)準化生產基地(di)(di)、國家(jia)商標(biao)(biao)注冊。布拖烏洋芋已成(cheng)為涼(liang)山馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯中的極品(pin)，成(cheng)為國宴上的美味佳肴。

生產情況

馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)是涼山(shan)傳(chuan)統優(you)勢(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)，是涼山(shan)州(zhou)二半山(shan)以(yi)上地(di)區最重要的(de)糧(liang)經(jing)作物(wu)，彝族(zu)祖(zu)祖(zu)輩輩都(dou)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)習慣(guan)，早在(zai)17世紀就(jiu)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。2005年開始，涼山(shan)州(zhou)把馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)(chan)業作為農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收(shou)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)支柱產(chan)(chan)業來抓(zhua)，2006年全州(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積137萬(wan)畝(mu)，總產(chan)(chan)200萬(wan)噸(dun)，商品率40%。分別比(bi)2004年增加21萬(wan)畝(mu)，50萬(wan)噸(dun)，7個百分點，產(chan)(chan)量居四川省第一(yi)位，平均畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)鮮薯(shu)1460公(gong)斤，薯(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)現金(jin)收(shou)入4億(yi)元(yuan)。2007年全州(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積突破160萬(wan)畝(mu)，總產(chan)(chan)235萬(wan)噸(dun)以(yi)上。

涼山馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)植規模(mo)大(da)，全州17縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)均有大(da)面(mian)積種(zhong)植。2007年(nian)馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)植大(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)較(jiao)多(duo)，種(zhong)植面(mian)積在(zai)10萬畝以上(shang)的(de)有鹽源縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、布拖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭(zhao)覺縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；5～10萬畝會(hui)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、喜(xi)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美姑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會(hui)理縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌(chang)市(shi)、甘(gan)洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)9個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)。154個馬鈴(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)植面(mian)積在(zai)3000畝以上(shang)的(de)大(da)鄉鎮。

在良(liang)種(zhong)繁育方面，到2007年基本形(xing)成(cheng)了以州農科所(suo)脫(tuo)毒種(zhong)薯繁殖中心生產

涼山加(jia)工企業大量收購馬(ma)鈴薯

原原種(zhong)(zhong)，縣級(ji)網室生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)原種(zhong)(zhong)，13個馬(ma)鈴薯生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)重點縣建立1300畝以上的原種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁(fan)(fan)(fan)基(ji)地，13000畝一級(ji)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育基(ji)地，130000畝二級(ji)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育基(ji)地供(gong)應大田生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的脫毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)育推(tui)廣體系。

加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)銷售方面，以2007年，全州(zhou)共有初精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)作坊、企(qi)(qi)業338家(jia)。豪(hao)吉集(ji)團、科興薯(shu)業、豐年農業、吉鑫薯(shu)業4家(jia)龍頭企(qi)(qi)業的(de)6個(ge)大型加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠已(yi)(yi)投(tou)入生產(chan)，鹽源縣世富農業的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠正在(zai)建(jian)設，布拖的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業正在(zai)籌建(jian)中(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業網絡已(yi)(yi)基(ji)本建(jian)成(cheng)。鮮(xian)薯(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)能力100萬噸，逐步(bu)實現馬鈴薯(shu)產(chan)地初加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，縣級精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，州(zhou)級深加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，提(ti)高了產(chan)品競爭力和(he)附加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)值。全州(zhou)馬鈴薯(shu)產(chan)業專業協會、營銷大戶(hu)、農民經紀(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)隊伍、股(gu)份公司等不斷涌現并發展壯大，到2007年，馬鈴薯(shu)鮮(xian)薯(shu)銷售為主的(de)營銷大戶(hu)60多戶(hu)，農民經紀(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)約900多人(ren)(ren)。