產地環境
涼山州(zhou)(zhou)具有(you)發展馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)自然資源(yuan),獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)立體氣(qi)候條件,一(yi)(yi)年四(si)季都可以種(zhong)(zhong)植馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。高二半山區、河谷流域、平壩地(di)(di)區具有(you)與(yu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)原產(chan)地(di)(di)極其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)生(sheng)態條件和良好的(de)(de)無污染環境,被譽為中國最佳馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)植區域之一(yi)(yi)。涼山州(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)(yi)年可種(zhong)(zhong)植春、秋、冬(dong)三季馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),而且能規模發展。秋、冬(dong)季主要生(sheng)產(chan)菜用(yong)型(xing)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),春季主要生(sheng)產(chan)淀(dian)粉加(jia)工型(xing)、菜用(yong)型(xing)和糧用(yong)型(xing)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)。涼山州(zhou)(zhou)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)主產(chan)區遠(yuan)離城區,無工業(ye)污染,海拔較高,晝夜溫差大,光照充(chong)足,空氣(qi)清新(xin),水質純凈(jing),雨水充(chong)沛,氣(qi)候溫涼,有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)發育(yu)、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊的(de)(de)膨大、干(gan)物質的(de)(de)積累和保(bao)持良好的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特(te)(te)性。相(xiang)(xiang)同品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在該州(zhou)(zhou)種(zhong)(zhong)植,淀(dian)粉含量比其(qi)它地(di)(di)區提高1~2個百分(fen)點(dian),有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)加(jia)工生(sheng)產(chan)相(xiang)(xiang)關產(chan)品(pin)。
品種品質
涼(liang)(liang)山馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種主(zhu)要有(you)米(mi)拉、涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)97、涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)3、涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)30、涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)14號、克(ke)疫等(deng)。隨著(zhu)市場發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)需求,加大(da)了(le)(le)新品(pin)種選育、引進(jin)和推(tui)廣力度,先(xian)后選育引進(jin)試驗示范推(tui)廣了(le)(le)涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)17、涼(liang)(liang)薯(shu)8號、合作88、會-2、HP2、抗青9-1、大(da)西洋(yang)、布(bu)爾班克(ke)等(deng)品(pin)種,既有(you)淀(dian)粉(fen)含(han)量高、芽眼淺的(de)(de)(de)淀(dian)粉(fen)加工型品(pin)種,又有(you)早熟(shu)、淀(dian)粉(fen)含(han)量低的(de)(de)(de)菜用型品(pin)種和薯(shu)條、薯(shu)片(pian)加工型品(pin)種,還(huan)有(you)烏(wu)洋(yang)芋等(deng)地方特色(se)品(pin)種。
涼(liang)山馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)大,商品薯(shu)(shu)比例高,畸形薯(shu)(shu)、小薯(shu)(shu)、爛(lan)薯(shu)(shu)較少,耐貯(zhu)藏(zang)。主栽(zai)品種(zhong)淀粉(fen)(fen)含(han)量高,平均(jun)淀粉(fen)(fen)含(han)量在16%以上,最高的涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)14達到20.07%;干(gan)物質(zhi)含(han)量高,平均(jun)干(gan)物質(zhi)含(han)量在24%以上。
截至2010年,涼山(shan)馬鈴薯獲得了國(guo)家地理(li)標志(zhi)、全國(guo)綠色食品(pin)原料馬鈴薯標準化(hua)生產基地、國(guo)家商標注冊(ce)。布拖烏(wu)洋芋已成為涼山(shan)馬鈴薯中的極品(pin),成為國(guo)宴上的美味佳肴。
生產情況
馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)是(shi)涼山(shan)傳統優(you)勢農作(zuo)物,是(shi)涼山(shan)州(zhou)二半山(shan)以(yi)上地區最重要的(de)糧(liang)經(jing)作(zuo)物,彝族祖祖輩輩都有種植(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)的(de)習慣(guan),早在17世紀就有種植(zhi)(zhi)。2005年(nian)開始,涼山(shan)州(zhou)把馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業作(zuo)為農民增(zeng)(zeng)收的(de)優(you)勢支柱產(chan)(chan)業來抓,2006年(nian)全州(zhou)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積137萬(wan)畝(mu),總產(chan)(chan)200萬(wan)噸,商品率40%。分別(bie)比2004年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加21萬(wan)畝(mu),50萬(wan)噸,7個百(bai)分點(dian),產(chan)(chan)量居(ju)四川(chuan)省第(di)一位(wei),平均(jun)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)鮮薯(shu)(shu)1460公斤,薯(shu)(shu)農現金收入4億(yi)元。2007年(nian)全州(zhou)種植(zhi)(zhi)面積突破160萬(wan)畝(mu),總產(chan)(chan)235萬(wan)噸以(yi)上。
涼山馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯種植規模大,全州17縣(xian)(xian)市均(jun)有(you)大面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)種植。2007年馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯種植大縣(xian)(xian)較(jiao)多,種植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)在(zai)10萬畝(mu)以(yi)上的有(you)鹽(yan)源縣(xian)(xian)、布拖縣(xian)(xian)、昭(zhao)覺縣(xian)(xian)、越(yue)西縣(xian)(xian)、金(jin)陽縣(xian)(xian)5個縣(xian)(xian);5~10萬畝(mu)會東縣(xian)(xian)、雷波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)、喜德縣(xian)(xian)、普(pu)格縣(xian)(xian)、美姑縣(xian)(xian)、冕寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、會理縣(xian)(xian)、西昌市、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)9個縣(xian)(xian)市。154個馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯種植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)在(zai)3000畝(mu)以(yi)上的大鄉鎮。
在良(liang)種(zhong)繁育方面,到(dao)2007年基(ji)本形成(cheng)了以州農(nong)科所脫毒種(zhong)薯繁殖中心(xin)生產
涼山(shan)加工企業大量收購(gou)馬鈴薯
原原種(zhong)(zhong),縣級(ji)網室生產原種(zhong)(zhong),13個馬鈴薯生產重點縣建立1300畝(mu)以上(shang)的原種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁(fan)(fan)基地(di)(di),13000畝(mu)一(yi)級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)育(yu)基地(di)(di),130000畝(mu)二級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)育(yu)基地(di)(di)供應(ying)大田生產的脫毒種(zhong)(zhong)薯生產繁(fan)(fan)育(yu)推廣體系(xi)。
加工(gong)(gong)(gong)銷售(shou)方(fang)面,以2007年,全(quan)州共(gong)有初(chu)精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)作坊、企業(ye)(ye)338家(jia)。豪吉集團、科興(xing)薯(shu)業(ye)(ye)、豐(feng)年農(nong)業(ye)(ye)、吉鑫薯(shu)業(ye)(ye)4家(jia)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)的6個(ge)大型加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)已投入生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),鹽(yan)源(yuan)縣(xian)世(shi)富農(nong)業(ye)(ye)的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)正(zheng)在(zai)建(jian)設(she),布(bu)拖的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)正(zheng)在(zai)籌建(jian)中(zhong),加工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業(ye)(ye)網絡(luo)已基本建(jian)成(cheng)。鮮薯(shu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)能力100萬噸,逐(zhu)步(bu)實(shi)現(xian)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)(chan)地初(chu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong),縣(xian)級精加工(gong)(gong)(gong),州級深加工(gong)(gong)(gong),提高了產(chan)(chan)品競爭力和附加值。全(quan)州馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會、營(ying)銷大戶(hu)、農(nong)民經紀人隊伍、股份公司等不斷涌現(xian)并(bing)發展壯大,到2007年,馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)鮮薯(shu)銷售(shou)為主的營(ying)銷大戶(hu)60多(duo)戶(hu),農(nong)民經紀人約(yue)900多(duo)人。