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產地環境

涼(liang)山(shan)州具有(you)(you)發展(zhan)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)的獨特自然資源，獨特的立體氣(qi)候條件，一年四季(ji)(ji)都可以種(zhong)(zhong)植馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)。高(gao)二(er)半山(shan)區(qu)(qu)、河谷流域(yu)、平(ping)壩(ba)地區(qu)(qu)具有(you)(you)與馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)原產(chan)地極(ji)其相(xiang)似的生態(tai)條件和良(liang)好(hao)的無(wu)污染(ran)環境，被譽(yu)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)最佳馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)域(yu)之(zhi)一。涼(liang)山(shan)州一年可種(zhong)(zhong)植春、秋、冬(dong)三季(ji)(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)，而且能規模發展(zhan)。秋、冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)主要生產(chan)菜(cai)用型(xing)(xing)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)，春季(ji)(ji)主要生產(chan)淀粉加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)型(xing)(xing)、菜(cai)用型(xing)(xing)和糧用型(xing)(xing)馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)。涼(liang)山(shan)州馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)主產(chan)區(qu)(qu)遠離城區(qu)(qu)，無(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業污染(ran)，海拔(ba)較(jiao)高(gao)，晝(zhou)夜溫差大，光照(zhao)充足，空氣(qi)清新，水質純凈，雨水充沛(pei)，氣(qi)候溫涼(liang)，有(you)(you)利(li)于馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)的生長發育、薯(shu)(shu)塊的膨大、干物質的積(ji)累和保持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特性。相(xiang)同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在該州種(zhong)(zhong)植，淀粉含量(liang)比其它地區(qu)(qu)提高(gao)1～2個百分點，有(you)(you)利(li)于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)相(xiang)關產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。

品種品質

涼(liang)山馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)主要有米拉、涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)97、涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3、涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)30、涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)14號、克(ke)疫等。隨著市場發(fa)展的(de)需求，加大(da)了(le)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育、引(yin)進(jin)和推廣力度，先后(hou)選育引(yin)進(jin)試(shi)驗示范推廣了(le)涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)17、涼(liang)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8號、合(he)作88、會-2、HP2、抗青9-1、大(da)西洋、布(bu)爾班克(ke)等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，既有淀(dian)粉含量高、芽眼淺(qian)的(de)淀(dian)粉加工型品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，又有早熟、淀(dian)粉含量低的(de)菜用型品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)和薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)條、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)片加工型品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，還有烏(wu)洋芋等地方(fang)特色品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。

涼山(shan)馬鈴薯(shu)(shu)薯(shu)(shu)塊大，商(shang)品薯(shu)(shu)比(bi)例高(gao)(gao)，畸形薯(shu)(shu)、小薯(shu)(shu)、爛薯(shu)(shu)較少，耐貯藏。主栽品種淀粉含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)，平均(jun)(jun)淀粉含(han)量(liang)在(zai)16%以上(shang)(shang)，最高(gao)(gao)的涼薯(shu)(shu)14達到20.07%；干物質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)，平均(jun)(jun)干物質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)在(zai)24%以上(shang)(shang)。

截至(zhi)2010年，涼山馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)獲得了國家地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志、全國綠(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)原料(liao)馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)標(biao)(biao)準化生(sheng)產基地(di)、國家商標(biao)(biao)注冊。布(bu)拖烏洋芋(yu)已成為(wei)涼山馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)中的(de)(de)極(ji)品(pin)，成為(wei)國宴上的(de)(de)美(mei)味佳肴。

生產情況

馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)是涼山傳統優勢(shi)農作(zuo)物，是涼山州(zhou)二半山以上地區最重(zhong)要的糧經作(zuo)物，彝族(zu)祖祖輩輩都(dou)有(you)(you)種植馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的習(xi)慣，早在17世紀就(jiu)有(you)(you)種植。2005年開始，涼山州(zhou)把馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)作(zuo)為(wei)農民增(zeng)收的優勢(shi)支柱產(chan)業(ye)來抓，2006年全州(zhou)種植面積137萬畝(mu)，總產(chan)200萬噸(dun)，商品率40%。分別比2004年增(zeng)加21萬畝(mu)，50萬噸(dun)，7個百(bai)分點，產(chan)量居四川省(sheng)第一位(wei)，平均(jun)畝(mu)產(chan)鮮薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1460公(gong)斤，薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)農現金收入4億元。2007年全州(zhou)種植面積突破160萬畝(mu)，總產(chan)235萬噸(dun)以上。

涼山馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)種植(zhi)(zhi)規模大(da)，全(quan)州(zhou)17縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)均有大(da)面(mian)積種植(zhi)(zhi)。2007年馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)種植(zhi)(zhi)大(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)較多，種植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積在10萬畝(mu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的有鹽源(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、布拖(tuo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昭覺(jue)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、越西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、金陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；5～10萬畝(mu)會東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、雷波(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、喜(xi)德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、普格縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、美姑(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、冕寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、會理(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、西昌市(shi)(shi)、甘洛縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)9個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)市(shi)(shi)。154個馬(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)薯(shu)種植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積在3000畝(mu)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的大(da)鄉鎮。

在良種繁育方面，到2007年基(ji)本形成了以州農科所脫(tuo)毒種薯繁殖中心生產(chan)

涼(liang)山加(jia)工企(qi)業大量收購馬(ma)鈴薯

原原種(zhong)(zhong)，縣級(ji)網室生(sheng)產原種(zhong)(zhong)，13個馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)生(sheng)產重點縣建立1300畝以上(shang)的原種(zhong)(zhong)擴繁(fan)基(ji)地，13000畝一級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)基(ji)地，130000畝二級(ji)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)育(yu)基(ji)地供(gong)應大田生(sheng)產的脫毒種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)生(sheng)產繁(fan)育(yu)推廣體系。

加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)銷(xiao)售方(fang)面，以2007年，全(quan)州(zhou)共有初(chu)精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)坊(fang)、企業338家。豪吉(ji)集團、科興薯(shu)(shu)(shu)業、豐(feng)年農業、吉(ji)鑫薯(shu)(shu)(shu)業4家龍(long)頭企業的6個大(da)(da)型加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)已(yi)投入生產，鹽源縣世富(fu)農業的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)正(zheng)在建設(she)，布拖(tuo)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業正(zheng)在籌建中，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業網(wang)絡已(yi)基本(ben)建成(cheng)。鮮薯(shu)(shu)(shu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)能力100萬(wan)噸，逐(zhu)步實現馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產地初(chu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，縣級精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，州(zhou)級深加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，提高了產品競爭力和附加(jia)值(zhi)。全(quan)州(zhou)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產業專(zhuan)業協會、營銷(xiao)大(da)(da)戶(hu)、農民經(jing)紀(ji)人隊伍、股份公司(si)等不斷涌(yong)現并發(fa)展壯大(da)(da)，到2007年，馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)(shu)鮮薯(shu)(shu)(shu)銷(xiao)售為(wei)主的營銷(xiao)大(da)(da)戶(hu)60多戶(hu)，農民經(jing)紀(ji)人約900多人。