一.產品介紹
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,清宣統元年(nian)(1909年(nian))《黃安(an)鄉土(tu)志》商務篇六十九卷載“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛,亦有洋種(zhong)(zhong)本地種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)分,洋種(zhong)(zhong)顆大香遜(xun),根蒂固易捆”。到清末民初“落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛一日(ri)”,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽(zai)培面由(you)北(bei)向南(nan)擴展并(bing)覆蓋全縣。 紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)人視(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為吉祥喜慶的(de)象征,民間喜慶宴席必定少不(bu)了花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。訂婚男方(fang)送“聘禮”贈送禮品(pin)的(de)籮(luo)筐內要放柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等,結婚時(shi)女方(fang)的(de)嫁妝里也(ye)要放花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、百果之(zhi)類的(de),新房的(de)枕頭下、被(bei)褥(ru)里會提(ti)前藏好花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)棗。除夕夜守歲,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)人家家炒(chao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大年(nian)初一必定要以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)待客。1963年(nian)李(li)先(xian)念(nian)回故鄉視(shi)察,鄉親們炒(chao)了一簸箕花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)款待他,李(li)先(xian)念(nian)當時(shi)感慨紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就是(shi)香。1958年(nian)毛(mao)主(zhu)席在武(wu)昌接見(jian)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)種(zhong)(zhong)試驗田的(de)干部(bu)代(dai)表時(shi)曾連聲稱贊:“紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯!”
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況(kuang): 均州名(ming)曬煙地處(chu)漢(han)江(jiang)中上游,位居(ju)南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)北(bei)調中線工程核心(xin)水(shui)(shui)源區腹地,境(jing)內有全(quan)國著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)“一山(shan)一水(shui)(shui)”即道教(jiao)圣(sheng)地“武當(dang)山(shan)”和(he)亞(ya)洲最大人工淡水(shui)(shui)湖“丹江(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)庫”。南(nan)(nan)有巴山(shan)雄(xiong)峙,北(bei)有秦嶺(ling)余(yu)脈屏障,八(ba)百(bai)里武當(dang)居(ju)中,東(dong)連老河口市(shi)和(he)河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)淅川(chuan)縣,西接十堰市(shi)和(he)鄖縣。地形(xing)呈心(xin)臟形(xing),地勢西高東(dong)低,漢(han)江(jiang)自(zi)西向(xiang)東(dong)貫穿,將全(quan)境(jing)陸地分(fen)割成“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)”、“江(jiang)北(bei)”兩(liang)個(ge)自(zi)然板(ban)塊(kuai),俗稱江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)北(bei)。國土(tu)(tu)為(wei)“七山(shan)二(er)水(shui)(shui)一分(fen)田”自(zi)然格局。產(chan)地山(shan)清水(shui)(shui)秀,景(jing)色(se)宜人,平均海拔(ba)在350m;土(tu)(tu)壤以黃(huang)棕壤為(wei)主,夾有紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)和(he)石灰土(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:均(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名曬煙(yan)產(chan)區主(zhu)(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)丹(dan)江口庫(ku)(ku)區沿岸間的(de)(de)山地(di)丘陵、低山河谷(gu)環境。產(chan)地(di)南北(bei)物種交匯,環境優越,植(zhi)被覆蓋率(lv)達64.5%。產(chan)地(di)平(ping)均(jun)海拔400m,背(bei)山面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu),境內的(de)(de)丹(dan)江口水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是(shi)亞(ya)洲最大(da)的(de)(de)人工(gong)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)湖,是(shi)舉(ju)世矚目的(de)(de)南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)調中(zhong)(zhong)線工(gong)程(cheng)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源頭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源約有275.46億立(li)方米,絕大(da)部分由漢、丹(dan)二(er)江帶來(lai),加上(shang)本地(di)地(di)表徑流資源,河川徑流資源為(wei)285.12億立(li)方米。產(chan)地(di)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好,礦化度低,ph、總硬度適中(zhong)(zhong),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要離子含量一(yi)般都在(zai)正常范(fan)圍內,主(zhu)(zhu)要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系河床落差大(da)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)蘊藏量累計5.5萬千瓦,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達國家Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)以上(shang)標(biao)準。豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源為(wei)均(jun)州(zhou)(zhou)名曬煙(yan)“色澤黃亮、葉片較大(da)、厚(hou)薄適中(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)外(wai)觀特征形成(cheng),提供了得天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)自然條件。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)侯特點:均(jun)州名曬煙產地(di)處于南北氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)過渡帶,屬亞熱(re)(re)帶半濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,由(you)于秦嶺(ling)山(shan)脈的屏障作用,加之丹江(jiang)口水庫(ku)的“湖泊熱(re)(re)效應”及垂直(zhi)地(di)貌影響,構(gou)成了(le)優越的“四季分明、光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)(zu)、熱(re)(re)量豐富、雨熱(re)(re)同季,無霜期長,相對濕度大”的山(shan)地(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點。種植區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,夏無酷署,冬無嚴寒,光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)(zu),雨水充(chong)沛,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫年較差小,日較差大,光(guang)合(he)(he)效率高(gao),葉片的光(guang)合(he)(he)能(neng)力(li)較強,十分有(you)利煙葉光(guang)合(he)(he)作用的高(gao)積累,形成“香氣(qi)(qi)(qi)充(chong)足(zu)(zu)”的優質曬煙風格特征。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)產地(di)范圍為湖北(bei)省丹江(jiang)口市所轄的均(jun)縣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、習(xi)家店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石鼓鎮(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)4個鎮(zhen)(zhen)、計46個行政村。其地(di)理位置位于東經110°08'—111°34'、北(bei)緯32°14'—32°58'之間。均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)種植面(mian)積733公頃(qing),年產量1000噸(dun),產值(zhi)0.18億元(yuan)。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外觀感官特征:生(sheng)煙外觀:莖葉角(jiao)度較小,著葉28~34片(pian),葉片(pian)較窄而(er)厚,筋脈細(xi),呈(cheng)闊(kuo)橢圓形;葉柄生(sheng)毛,露浸不拖(tuo)頭;易退青變黃,水分(fen)含量(liang)少(shao);顏色深(shen)黃,色度飽(bao)滿,油分(fen)充足(zu),組織細(xi)致,厚薄(bo)適(shi)中,成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度好(hao)(hao),填(tian)充力強(qiang),彈性(xing)好(hao)(hao),香味(wei)充足(zu)。成(cheng)(cheng)品煙葉:香氣(qi)濃郁,手揉葉呈(cheng)麩片(pian)狀,燃燒性(xing)好(hao)(hao),燃燒后灰 呈(cheng)潔白;吸味(wei)飽(bao)滿,勁頭足(zu),刺激性(xing)小;含糖量(liang)適(shi)中,化學成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)協調;煙氣(qi)柔(rou)和、細(xi)膩,余味(wei)舒(shu)適(shi)純(chun)凈,濃勁比協調,配伍性(xing)好(hao)(hao),工(gong)業可(ke)用性(xing)強(qiang)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉安(an)全性高,無殘(can)毒,無農藥殘(can)留;煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉中“高糖、適煙(yan)(yan)(yan)堿、富(fu)鉀(jia)、蛋白質(zhi)”是形成均州名(ming)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的重要化學物質(zhi)基礎。蛋白質(zhi)6%~8%,總糖12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)堿3%~3.8%,鉀(jia)1.2%~1.7%,氯(lv)0.6%~1.2%。
3、安全要求:產(chan)地環(huan)境要求執(zhi)行(xing)NY/T852煙(yan)草產(chan)地環(huan)境技術條件(jian);農藥使(shi)用符合《煙(yan)草農藥使(shi)用推薦(jian)意見》(中國煙(yan)葉公司發布(bu));質量(liang)要求按DB42/T225—2002《均縣名曬煙(yan)》標(biao)準執(zhi)行(xing)。