一.產品介紹
紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)種植花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)歷史悠久,清宣統元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1909年(nian)(nian))《黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)鄉(xiang)土志》商(shang)務篇六十九(jiu)卷載“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛,亦有(you)洋種本地種之分,洋種顆大(da)香遜,根(gen)蒂固易捆(kun)”。到清末民初“落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)日(ri)盛一日(ri)”,紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)栽培面由北向南擴展并覆蓋全縣。 紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)人視(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為吉(ji)祥喜(xi)慶的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征(zheng),民間(jian)喜(xi)慶宴(yan)席(xi)必定少不(bu)了花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。訂婚(hun)男(nan)方(fang)送“聘禮(li)”贈送禮(li)品的(de)(de)(de)籮(luo)筐內要放(fang)(fang)柏枝、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng),結婚(hun)時(shi)女(nv)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)嫁(jia)妝里也要放(fang)(fang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、百果之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de),新房的(de)(de)(de)枕頭下(xia)、被褥里會提前(qian)藏好(hao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、紅(hong)棗。除夕夜守歲,紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)人家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)炒(chao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大(da)年(nian)(nian)初一必定要以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)待(dai)客。1963年(nian)(nian)李先(xian)念(nian)回故鄉(xiang)視(shi)察,鄉(xiang)親們炒(chao)了一簸箕花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)款待(dai)他(ta),李先(xian)念(nian)當時(shi)感慨紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就是香。1958年(nian)(nian)毛(mao)主席(xi)在(zai)武(wu)昌接見紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)種試驗田(tian)的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)部代(dai)表時(shi)曾連聲稱贊(zan):“紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯(cuo),紅(hong)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)錯(cuo)!”
二(er).自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況: 均州名曬煙(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)漢(han)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中上游,位居(ju)南(nan)水(shui)北(bei)調中線工(gong)(gong)程核心水(shui)源區腹地(di)(di)(di)(di),境內(nei)有(you)全國(guo)著名的“一山(shan)一水(shui)”即道(dao)教圣地(di)(di)(di)(di)“武當(dang)山(shan)”和(he)亞洲(zhou)最(zui)大人工(gong)(gong)淡水(shui)湖(hu)“丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)庫”。南(nan)有(you)巴山(shan)雄峙,北(bei)有(you)秦嶺(ling)余(yu)脈(mo)屏障,八百里(li)武當(dang)居(ju)中,東(dong)連(lian)老(lao)河口市和(he)河南(nan)省淅川縣,西(xi)(xi)接十堰市和(he)鄖(yun)縣。地(di)(di)(di)(di)形呈心臟形,地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)(xi)高(gao)東(dong)低,漢(han)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)西(xi)(xi)向東(dong)貫穿(chuan),將(jiang)全境陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)分割成(cheng)“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)”、“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)”兩個自(zi)然(ran)(ran)板塊,俗稱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)。國(guo)土(tu)(tu)為“七山(shan)二水(shui)一分田”自(zi)然(ran)(ran)格局。產地(di)(di)(di)(di)山(shan)清水(shui)秀,景色(se)宜人,平均海拔在(zai)350m;土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)黃棕壤(rang)為主(zhu),夾有(you)紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)和(he)石灰土(tu)(tu)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:均(jun)州(zhou)名曬(shai)煙(yan)產(chan)區主要分布(bu)在(zai)丹江口(kou)庫(ku)(ku)區沿岸間的(de)(de)山地(di)丘陵、低(di)山河谷環(huan)境。產(chan)地(di)南北物種交匯,環(huan)境優(you)越,植被覆蓋率(lv)達64.5%。產(chan)地(di)平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔400m,背(bei)山面(mian)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源豐富,境內(nei)的(de)(de)丹江口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)亞洲(zhou)最大的(de)(de)人工淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖,是(shi)(shi)舉(ju)世矚目的(de)(de)南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)中線工程調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源頭,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源約有275.46億(yi)立方米,絕大部分由漢、丹二江帶來,加上本地(di)地(di)表徑流資(zi)(zi)源,河川徑流資(zi)(zi)源為285.12億(yi)立方米。產(chan)地(di)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好,礦(kuang)化度低(di),ph、總(zong)硬度適中,水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中主要離(li)子含量(liang)一般(ban)都在(zai)正常(chang)范(fan)圍內(nei),主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)河床落差(cha)大、水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)蘊藏量(liang)累計5.5萬千瓦(wa),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達國家Ⅱ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)以上標準(zhun)。豐富的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源為均(jun)州(zhou)名曬(shai)煙(yan)“色(se)澤(ze)黃亮、葉片(pian)較(jiao)大、厚薄適中”的(de)(de)外觀特征形成,提供了(le)得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然條件。
3、氣(qi)侯特點:均州(zhou)名曬(shai)煙(yan)產地(di)處于(yu)南(nan)北氣(qi)候過渡帶,屬(shu)亞熱帶半(ban)濕潤(run)季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,由于(yu)秦嶺山(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)障作用,加(jia)之丹江口水庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)“湖泊熱效應”及垂(chui)直地(di)貌(mao)影響,構成了優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)“四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明、光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)、熱量(liang)豐富、雨熱同(tong)季(ji),無(wu)霜期長,相對濕度(du)大”的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)氣(qi)候特點。種植區氣(qi)候溫和,夏無(wu)酷(ku)署,冬無(wu)嚴寒,光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu),雨水充(chong)沛(pei),氣(qi)溫年(nian)較差(cha)小,日較差(cha)大,光(guang)合(he)(he)效率(lv)高(gao),葉片的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)合(he)(he)能力較強,十分(fen)有利煙(yan)葉光(guang)合(he)(he)作用的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)積累,形成“香氣(qi)充(chong)足(zu)”的(de)(de)(de)優(you)質曬(shai)煙(yan)風格特征。
三.地域范圍
均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)(yan)產地范(fan)圍(wei)為湖北(bei)省丹江口市所轄(xia)的均(jun)縣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、習家店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蒿坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)鼓鎮(zhen)(zhen)等4個鎮(zhen)(zhen)、計46個行政村。其地理位(wei)置位(wei)于東(dong)經110°08'—111°34'、北(bei)緯(wei)32°14'—32°58'之間(jian)。均(jun)州名曬煙(yan)(yan)種植面積733公頃,年產量1000噸,產值0.18億元。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、外觀感(gan)官(guan)特(te)征:生煙(yan)外觀:莖葉(xie)角度較(jiao)小,著葉(xie)28~34片(pian),葉(xie)片(pian)較(jiao)窄而(er)厚,筋(jin)脈細(xi)(xi),呈(cheng)闊橢圓形;葉(xie)柄(bing)生毛,露浸不(bu)拖頭;易退(tui)青變黃(huang),水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)少;顏色深黃(huang),色度飽滿,油分充(chong)(chong)足,組織細(xi)(xi)致(zhi),厚薄適中(zhong)(zhong),成熟度好,填充(chong)(chong)力強,彈性(xing)好,香(xiang)味充(chong)(chong)足。成品(pin)煙(yan)葉(xie):香(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)濃郁,手揉葉(xie)呈(cheng)麩(fu)片(pian)狀,燃(ran)燒性(xing)好,燃(ran)燒后灰 呈(cheng)潔白;吸味飽滿,勁(jing)頭足,刺激性(xing)小;含(han)糖量(liang)(liang)適中(zhong)(zhong),化學成分協調(diao)(diao);煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)柔和、細(xi)(xi)膩(ni),余味舒適純凈(jing),濃勁(jing)比協調(diao)(diao),配伍性(xing)好,工業可用性(xing)強。
2、內在品質指標:煙葉安全性高,無殘毒(du),無農(nong)藥殘留;煙葉中(zhong)“高糖、適煙堿(jian)、富鉀、蛋白質”是形(xing)成均州名(ming)曬煙的重(zhong)要(yao)化學物質基礎(chu)。蛋白質6%~8%,總糖12%~16%,總氮2.2%~2.8%,煙堿(jian)3%~3.8%,鉀1.2%~1.7%,氯0.6%~1.2%。
3、安(an)全要求(qiu):產地環(huan)境要求(qiu)執(zhi)行NY/T852煙(yan)(yan)草產地環(huan)境技術條件;農藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用符合《煙(yan)(yan)草農藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用推薦意(yi)見》(中國煙(yan)(yan)葉公(gong)司發布);質量要求(qiu)按DB42/T225—2002《均(jun)縣名(ming)曬煙(yan)(yan)》標準執(zhi)行。