簡介
太乙(yi)觀地處全(quan)國(guo)“楠竹、桂花之鄉(xiang)”,湖北省(sheng)“全(quan)國(guo)溫(wen)泉之鄉(xiang)”咸寧溫(wen)泉之太乙(yi)山上,與楚天第一洞“太乙(yi)洞”首(shou)尾相應;距鄰武(wu)漢東南方(fang)80公里路程,是(shi)(shi)107國(guo)道、京珠高速(su)與京廣線的要口,是(shi)(shi)湖北省(sheng)道教著名宮(gong)觀之一。
歷史悠久
此處千巒環(huan)翠,萬壑流清。高山(shan)(shan)凹澤(ze),平臺峻懸,崎嶇山(shan)(shan)路(lu),似壅而通(tong)(tong)。崢嶸澗道,盤迂復(fu)直,竹里通(tong)(tong)幽,自成天然
職能和奉祀:《太(tai)上三(san)洞表文》中(zhong)稱天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)有(you)九(jiu),即:太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、十方救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、九(jiu)幽拔(ba)(ba)罪(zui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、朱(zhu)陵(ling)度命天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、火煉(lian)丹界天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、法橋大度天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、金闕化(hua)身天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、逍遙快樂天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)、寶(bao)華圓(yuan)滿(man)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)等。太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)居九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之首(shou)。太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之職就是「至(zhi)圣(sheng)至(zhi)仁,極(ji)慈極(ji)愛,乘(cheng)(cheng)九(jiu)師之仙馭,散百(bai)寶(bao)之祥光(guang)(guang),接引(yin)浮(fu)生(sheng)」。傳稱,人如遇到苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)難(nan),只(zhi)要念誦(song)太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)名號,太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)就會隨(sui)聲應化(hua),幫助人解憂排(pai)難(nan),化(hua)兇為(wei)(wei)吉。對於積功行(xing)善、功行(xing)圓(yuan)滿(man)之人,太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)會「乘(cheng)(cheng)九(jiu)師之仙馭,散百(bai)寶(bao)之祥光(guang)(guang)」,接引(yin)升仙。道(dao)教的主(zhu)(zhu)要宮觀(guan)一(yi)般都有(you)太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)殿,供(gong)奉太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之神(shen)(shen)像或神(shen)(shen)位(wei)。太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)之神(shen)(shen)像常(chang)作天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)騎獅子狀。道(dao)教徒通常(chang)只(zhi)是在上中(zhong)下三(san)元之日或為(wei)(wei)亡(wang)魂(hun)舉行(xing)黃(huang)箓超(chao)度道(dao)場時,才奉祀太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)。宋元以來,道(dao)教科儀中(zhong)以太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)神(shen)(shen)的,名目(mu)繁多。例如:《太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)說拔(ba)(ba)度血湖寶(bao)懺》、《靈寶(bao)煉(lian)度》、《九(jiu)幽燈儀》等等。在此(ci)類(lei)科儀中(zhong),太(tai)乙(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)(zun)除了(le)接引(yin)浮(fu)生(sheng)以外,還主(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)以水火交煉(lian)亡(wang)魂(hun)、主(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)清蕩血湖地獄(yu),破(po)獄(yu)拔(ba)(ba)度罪(zui)魂(hun)等等。
青帝(di),文學形象為太(tai)乙(yi)真人.就是救苦天尊.
太(tai)乙(yi)救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)有“尋聲救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)”、“十方(fang)(fang)救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)”等(deng)號,簡稱(cheng)救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)。相傳其為(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)皇大(da)帝(di)二侍者之一,配合玉(yu)帝(di)統(tong)御萬類。道(dao)教說他由青玄上帝(di)神(shen)化而來(lai),誓愿救度一切眾生,所(suo)以(yi)炁化救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)以(yi)度世。據《太(tai)乙(yi)救苦護身(shen)妙(miao)經》說:“東方(fang)(fang)長樂世界有大(da)慈仁者,太(tai)乙(yi)救苦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)化身(shen)如恒(heng)沙數,物隨聲應。或(huo)(huo)(huo)住天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮,或(huo)(huo)(huo)降人間,或(huo)(huo)(huo)居地(di)獄(yu),或(huo)(huo)(huo)攝群(qun)耶,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)仙童玉(yu)女,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)君(jun)圣人,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)(zun)真人,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金剛(gang)神(shen)王,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)魔王力士(shi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)師道(dao)士(shi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)皇人老君(jun),或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)醫功曹,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)男子女子,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)武官宰,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)都大(da)元師,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)教師禪師,或(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)風(feng)師雨(yu)師,神(shen)通無(wu)量,功行無(wu)窮,尋聲救苦,應物隨機(ji)。”
“此圣在(zai)(zai)天(tian)呼太一福(fu)神,在(zai)(zai)世呼為(wei)(wei)大慈仁者,在(zai)(zai)地獄呼為(wei)(wei)日耀帝君,在(zai)(zai)外道攝耶呼為(wei)(wei)獅子明王(wang),在(zai)(zai)水(shui)府呼為(wei)(wei)洞洲帝君。”若遇到困難,只(zhi)要祈禱天(tian)尊或“誦念圣號”,即可(ke)“解憂(you)排難,化兇為(wei)(wei)吉”,亦(yi)可(ke)“功(gong)行圓(yuan)滿,天(tian)日升(sheng)天(tian)”。
至于天尊的(de)形(xing)象,《道(dao)教靈驗(yan)記》描繪(hui)道(dao):端坐(zuo)于九色(se)蓮花座(zuo),周圍有九頭(tou)獅子口吐火(huo)焰,簇(cu)擁寶座(zuo),頭(tou)上環(huan)繞九色(se)神光(guang),放(fang)射(she)萬丈光(guang)芒,眾(zhong)多真(zhen)人、力士、金剛神王、金童玉女恃衛在他身旁(pang)。其誕辰日為(wei)農歷的(de)十(shi)一月十(shi)一日,相傳民間的(de)《拔度(du)血湖寶懺(chan)》是他傳授的(de)。又(you)《青玄(xuan)濟煉鐵罐施自全集》稱他:身騎九頭(tou)獅子,手(shou)持楊柳灑(sa)瓊漿以救苦(ku)(ku)度(du)亡,“東極青華妙嚴(yan)宮,紫霧(wu)霞光(guang)徹(che)太空;千朵蓮花映寶座(zuo),九頭(tou)獅子出云中;南極丹臺開寶笈,北都(dou)玄(xuan)禁破羅豐;唯愿垂光(guang)來救苦(ku)(ku),眾(zhong)等稽首禮慈窖(jiao);施食功德不(bu)思議(yi),孤(gu)魂滯魄早超升”。
對(dui)于天尊(zun)的(de)神職(zhi),《漂放蓮燈集·放生(sheng)(sheng)咒》曰:“天羅(luo)(luo)神,地羅(luo)(luo)神,慧(hui)劍出鞘斬妖精,一切災難化(hua)(hua)(hua)為塵,尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)解(jie)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)羅(luo)(luo)網(wang)苦(ku)(ku)辛,太(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)難度眾生(sheng)(sheng)。”《靈寶(bao)無量度人上經大法》卷五(wu)七曰:“太(tai)一尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)主煉仙魄(po)”和“太(tai)一救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)隨形赴感,尋聲(sheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)應念垂慈。”道(dao)經還稱東(dong)極青玄上帝即(ji)化(hua)(hua)(hua)太(tai)乙救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun),又應化(hua)(hua)(hua)十方,而為十方救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)。《十王告簡全(quan)集》中即(ji)列有十方救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)(ku)天尊(zun)的(de)職(zhi)能,稱:
東方玉寶皇(huang)上天尊(zun):“位列震宮(gong),尊(zun)居卯位,執掌(zhang)風雷地獄(yu),權衡霹(pi)靂之威,行善者(zhe)作于(yu)青篇(pian),作惡者(zhe)標于(yu)黑(hei)簿,考察(cha)無私。
南(nan)方玄真萬福(fu)天(tian)尊:“位列離宮,尊居午位,執掌火醫(yi)地獄,威專烈(lie)焰之權,杳杳冥譴,莫(mo)破幽之燭,茫(mang)(mang)茫(mang)(mang)苦(ku)梅,難逢濟險之舟,生死殊途,輪目不免(mian)。”
西方太妙至極天(tian)尊(zun):“位列兌宮,尊(zun)居酉位,執掌金鋼地獄,威(wei)司考掠之(zhi)權,詮量功德(de),了無(wu)毫發(fa)之(zhi)私,報對冤仇(chou),備極再(zai)三之(zhi)間,善篇(pian)有記(ji),罪(zui)積無(wu)差(cha)。
北方(fang)玄(xuan)上玉宸天尊(zun):“位居坎宮(gong),尊(zun)居子位,執(zhi)掌冥冷地獄,權衡冰雪之威,城峙四(si)同之鐵,欲出無門,劍生萬樹之傍,實(shi)觀有懼,眾生無賴(lai),五苦(ku)難逃。
東北方度仙(xian)上圣天(tian)尊:“位(wei)列艮宮,尊居丑位(wei),執掌(zhang)鑊揚(yang)地獄,威張煮潰之權,七情六欲,難逃業(ye)境之分明(ming),五(wu)體四(si)肢,最苦風月(yue)之持(chi)掠(lve),死生(sheng)判(pan)注,善惡攸分。”
東南方好生度命天(tian)尊:“位列巽宮,尊居幽府,執掌(zhang)銅柱地獄,威專履足之刑,辯(bian)明(ming)善(shan)惡(e),如(ru)日月之無私,注判姓名,若風雷之莫測(ce)。凡有眾(zhong)生,難逃六(liu)道(dao)。”
西(xi)南方太靈虛皇天尊(zun):“位列坤宮,尊(zun)居泉曲,執掌屠(tu)割地(di)獄,威權(quan)刀(dao)割之(zhi)刑(xing),無(wu)偏(pian)無(wu)黨,賞刑(xing)罰(fa)于多劫(jie)千(qian)生(sheng),難理難明,辨枉直(zhi)于四甸九日,死(si)生(sheng)展轉,功德定分。”
西北方無(wu)量太華(hua)天尊(zun):“位列乾宮,尊(zun)居陰府(fu),執掌火車地獄,威司運(yun)轉之權,設(she)衡石(shi)而考功過(guo),平等(deng)無(wu)私,主夙(su)人以(yi)判升沉(chen),磨(mo)研(yan)有當,無(wu)私無(wu)曲,不(bu)順不(bu)逆。”
上方(fang)玉虛明皇(huang)天尊:“敕合乾元,德隆坤域,執掌昔掠地獄,威張熾盛之(zhi)權,三百六甸之(zhi)黜陟,事事難明,一十八(ba)地獄之(zhi)經由,人(ren)人(ren)戰栗,凡積(ji)愆于平日,必定罪于斯時,九地輪目,三途往返。”
下方(fang)真皇(huang)洞神天尊(zun)(zun):“位(wei)尊(zun)(zun)幽(you)都,名(ming)尊(zun)(zun)十帝,執掌羅豐之府(fu),權(quan)衡(heng)憲(xian)法之嚴(yan),有生有死,兩分而入(ru)之機,無黨無偏,三等幽(you)冥之持,他時(shi)所造,此(ci)際何(he)逃。”
上(shang)述諸天尊的(de)神性職(zhi)(zhi)守,已體現出(chu)地府冥王(wang)的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)能。為了(le)治理九幽冥府神鬼之事,十方(fang)救苦天尊還化十方(fang)冥王(wang)、真(zhen)君(jun)。
東方(fang)玉寶皇(huang)上天尊化冥(ming)府一殿(dian)泰素妙廣真(zhen)君秉廣大(da)王,神(shen)居玄冥(ming)宮(gong),神(shen)誕二月一日。