電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是現在電(dian)(dian)動車主要采用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)不是用壞的(de)(de)而是充(chong)壞的(de)(de)，決非危言聳聽，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)好壞對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命和使用性(xing)能(neng)起著(zhu)舉足輕重的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，必須重視(shi)。

1、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的放(fang)電(dian)深度(du)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)循環使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命影響很(hen)大(da)，這(zhe)是因(yin)為放(fang)電(dian)深度(du)越(yue)(yue)深，電(dian)極膨脹(zhang)收(shou)縮量越(yue)(yue)大(da)，正極的活(huo)性物(wu)質脫落(luo)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)，從(cong)而失(shi)去(qu)放(fang)電(dian)特性，性能(neng)下降，直(zhi)至壽(shou)命終(zhong)止(zhi)。所(suo)以蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)應盡量避免深度(du)放(fang)電(dian)，做到淺放(fang)勤充(chong)，一般(ban)情況應做到：蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)以放(fang)電(dian)深度(du)為50%-70%時(shi)充(chong)一次電(dian)最(zui)佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后(hou)，繼續放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）會(hui)嚴重(zhong)損害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，這是因(yin)為此時(shi)極易形成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)可逆硫(liu)酸鹽化，從而使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能(neng)力變差，甚至無(wu)法(fa)修復(fu)。所(suo)以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)防止(zhi)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓保護(hu)”是有效(xiao)的措(cuo)施。“欠壓保護(hu)”措(cuo)施是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)的，但(dan)(dan)因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車儀表和指示燈(deng)等耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器不(bu)(bu)受控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鎖一旦合上就開始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但(dan)(dan)若長時(shi)間(jian)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就會(hui)出現過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因(yin)此，不(bu)(bu)得(de)長時(shi)間(jian)開鎖，不(bu)(bu)用(yong)時(shi)應(ying)立(li)即(ji)關(guan)掉。

3、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流應小(xiao)于(yu)或(huo)等于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)接受的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，否則，過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)(sheng)的過(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)流會使(shi)電(dian)(dian)解水液過(guo)快(kuai)地(di)消耗(hao)掉，并產生(sheng)(sheng)嚴重(zhong)的析氣現象，時間長了將(jiang)使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)變得(de)十分困難，所以(yi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時因盡(jin)可(ke)能防止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。正(zheng)規廠(chang)家生(sheng)(sheng)產的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器可(ke)確保不對電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)尤其怕(pa)虧電(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置3-7天，將有可能永久損壞，因(yin)此，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用過后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)。對于長期不使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應(ying)每隔(ge)15天左右對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)一次，以補償電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存放(fang)時的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)損失(shi)。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)季節運行，主(zhu)要存在(zai)過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。因此，夏(xia)天應(ying)(ying)盡量降低蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度，保(bao)證良好的(de)(de)散熱(re)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)烈日暴曬后即充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應(ying)(ying)遠離(li)熱(re)源。在(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要存在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力差、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)取保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)防(fang)(fang)凍措施，特別是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)放在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖的(de)(de)環(huan)境中，有利于(yu)保(bao)證充(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)不可逆硫(liu)酸(suan)鹽化的(de)(de)產(chan)生，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

6、一般情況下，放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(du)較大(da)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池使用壽命在1年左右，放(fang)電(dian)深(shen)度(du)在50%-70%的蓄(xu)電(dian)池壽命在1年半(ban)左右。個別廠家生(sheng)產(chan)的蓄(xu)電(dian)池可以(yi)達到2年以(yi)上。