電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池是現(xian)在(zai)電(dian)動車(che)主要采用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池，蓄電(dian)池不是用(yong)壞(huai)的(de)而是充壞(huai)的(de)，決非危言(yan)聳聽(ting)，蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)性能好壞(huai)對蓄電(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命和(he)使(shi)用(yong)性能起(qi)著(zhu)舉足(zu)輕(qing)重的(de)作用(yong)，必須重視。

1、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循環使用壽命影(ying)響很大，這是(shi)因為放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)越深(shen)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)膨脹收縮量越大，正極(ji)的活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質脫落越多(duo)，從而失(shi)去放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)(xing)，性(xing)(xing)能下降，直至壽命終止。所以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用時應盡量避(bi)免深(shen)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，做到淺(qian)放(fang)勤充，一(yi)般情況(kuang)應做到：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)為50%-70%時充一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳。

2、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)到終止電(dian)壓后，繼續放(fang)電(dian)（過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)）會(hui)嚴(yan)重損(sun)害蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，這是因為此時(shi)(shi)極易形(xing)成不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化，從而(er)使充電(dian)恢復(fu)能力(li)變差，甚至無(wu)法修復(fu)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)防止過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)，“欠(qian)壓保護(hu)”是有效的(de)措(cuo)施(shi)。“欠(qian)壓保護(hu)”措(cuo)施(shi)是由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)，但因電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)儀表(biao)和(he)指示燈等(deng)耗電(dian)電(dian)器不(bu)受控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)鎖一旦(dan)合上(shang)就(jiu)開(kai)始用(yong)電(dian)，雖然電(dian)流(liu)小，但若長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)放(fang)電(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)會(hui)出現過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)。因此，不(bu)得長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)開(kai)鎖，不(bu)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)立即(ji)關掉。

3、充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流應小于或等于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池可(ke)(ke)以(yi)接受(shou)的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，否(fou)則，過充電(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)的過剩電(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)解水液過快地消耗掉，并產生(sheng)嚴重的析(xi)氣現象，時(shi)間(jian)長了(le)將(jiang)使充電(dian)(dian)變得(de)十分困難，所(suo)以(yi)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)因盡可(ke)(ke)能防(fang)止過充電(dian)(dian)。正規(gui)廠家(jia)生(sheng)產的充電(dian)(dian)器可(ke)(ke)確保不對電(dian)(dian)池過充電(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)尤其怕虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)置(zhi)3-7天，將有可能永(yong)久損壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用過后請盡快充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于長期不使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，應每(mei)隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，以(yi)補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)存(cun)放(fang)時(shi)的自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在高溫(wen)季(ji)節運行(xing)，主(zhu)要存(cun)在過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的問題。因此，夏天應(ying)盡量降低蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度(du)，保證良好的散熱(re)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止在烈(lie)日(ri)暴曬后即充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應(ying)遠離熱(re)源。在低溫(wen)情況下，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要存(cun)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能(neng)力差、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)的問題。低溫(wen)時應(ying)采(cai)取保溫(wen)防(fang)(fang)(fang)凍(dong)措施(shi)，特(te)別是充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應(ying)放在溫(wen)暖(nuan)的環境中，有利(li)于保證充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止不(bu)(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化的產生，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

6、一般情況下，放(fang)電深(shen)度較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)蓄電池使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)(zai)1年左(zuo)右，放(fang)電深(shen)度在(zai)(zai)50%-70%的(de)(de)(de)蓄電池壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)(zai)1年半左(zuo)右。個別廠家(jia)生產的(de)(de)(de)蓄電池可以(yi)達到2年以(yi)上(shang)。