電動車蓄電池的使用和保養

鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)是(shi)現在(zai)電(dian)動車主(zhu)要(yao)采(cai)用的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)不是(shi)用壞的(de)而是(shi)充(chong)壞的(de)，決非危(wei)言(yan)聳聽，蓄電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)性(xing)能好壞對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用性(xing)能起著舉足輕重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)作用，必須重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)。

1、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)循環使用(yong)壽命影響(xiang)很大(da)，這是因(yin)為(wei)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)越(yue)深(shen)(shen)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極膨脹(zhang)收(shou)縮(suo)量越(yue)大(da)，正(zheng)極的活性(xing)物(wu)質脫落越(yue)多，從而失去放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)，性(xing)能下降(jiang)，直至壽命終止。所以(yi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用(yong)時應盡量避免深(shen)(shen)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，做(zuo)到(dao)淺放(fang)勤(qin)充，一般情況應做(zuo)到(dao)：蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以(yi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)為(wei)50%-70%時充一次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)佳。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)到終止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，繼續放電(dian)(dian)(dian)（過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)）會嚴重損害蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，這是因為此時(shi)(shi)(shi)極易形成不可逆硫酸(suan)鹽(yan)化，從而使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)能(neng)力變差，甚至無法(fa)修(xiu)復(fu)。所以蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應防止過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，“欠壓(ya)保護”是有效的(de)措(cuo)施。“欠壓(ya)保護”措(cuo)施是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)控制器控制的(de)，但(dan)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)儀表和指(zhi)示燈(deng)等耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器不受(shou)控制器控制，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)鎖(suo)一旦合(he)上就開始用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小，但(dan)若長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池就會出(chu)現過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此，不得長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間開鎖(suo)，不用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應立即(ji)關(guan)掉。

3、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流應小于或等于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以接受的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則，過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生的(de)過(guo)剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水液過(guo)快地(di)消耗(hao)掉，并產生嚴重(zhong)的(de)析氣現象，時(shi)間長(chang)了將使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變得(de)十分困難，所以充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)因盡可能防(fang)止過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。正(zheng)規廠家生產的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器可確保(bao)不(bu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)尤其怕(pa)虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，虧(kui)(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放置(zhi)3-7天，將(jiang)有可(ke)能永久損壞，因此，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用過后(hou)請盡快(kuai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對(dui)于長期不使用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，應每隔15天左右對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)次，以補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存放時的(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量損失(shi)。

5、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)季節運行(xing)，主要存在(zai)(zai)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。因(yin)此，夏天應盡量降低蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度，保證良好的(de)(de)散熱(re)，防止(zhi)在(zai)(zai)烈日暴曬后即(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并應遠離熱(re)源。在(zai)(zai)低溫(wen)(wen)情況下，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要存在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力差、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)問題。低溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)應采取(qu)保溫(wen)(wen)防凍措(cuo)施，特別(bie)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)應放(fang)在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)(wen)暖的(de)(de)環境中，有利于保證充(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，防止(zhi)不(bu)可逆硫酸鹽化的(de)(de)產(chan)生，延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。

6、一般情況下，放電(dian)深度較(jiao)大的蓄電(dian)池使用(yong)壽命在(zai)1年(nian)左右(you)(you)，放電(dian)深度在(zai)50%-70%的蓄電(dian)池壽命在(zai)1年(nian)半左右(you)(you)。個別廠家生(sheng)產的蓄電(dian)池可以達(da)到2年(nian)以上(shang)。