怎樣鑒別蜂王漿和蜂花粉與蜂膠的真假 蜂制品真偽的鑒定
蜂王漿
蜂王漿又稱蜂皇(huang)漿、王漿或蜂乳。它是年輕工蜂王漿腺(xian)分(fen)泌的(de)(de)粘(zhan)稠(chou)的(de)(de)膠狀物,顏色(se)呈(cheng)乳白色(se)、淡黃色(se)或微紅(hong)色(se)。具有(you)典型的(de)(de)酚與酸的(de)(de)氣味(wei),滋味(wei)酸、澀(se),略帶辛辣,回味(wei)略甜。蜂王漿按其品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)好壞(huai)分(fen)為:優等品(pin)(pin)、一等品(pin)(pin)和合格品(pin)(pin)。
蜂(feng)王漿常見的質(zhi)量問(wen)題(ti):水(shui)分含量超標(biao);變質(zhi);摻假問(wen)題(ti)(如摻入牛(niu)奶、淀粉(fen)、滑石粉(fen)或乳制品(pin)等)。由于蜂(feng)王漿含有(you)(you)豐富的活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi),溫(wen)度、空氣和陽光對蜂(feng)王漿的質(zhi)量影(ying)響都很大,在(zai)常溫(wen)下(xia)放置一天(tian),其(qi)新鮮度明顯下(xia)降,故(gu)購買(mai)純鮮蜂(feng)王漿時,其(qi)產品(pin)應在(zai)干燥陰涼處密封出售;由于蜂(feng)王漿含有(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)激素(su),最好不要(yao)購買(mai)給兒童食用。
蜂王漿等級評價和品質巧鑒別
感官上對蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿的(de)(de)等級評(ping)價和真偽鑒別可從(cong)以下(xia)幾下(xia)方(fang)面進(jin)行;觀色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze):蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿顏色(se)(se)的(de)(de)差異與工蜂(feng)(feng)采集的(de)(de)植物花粉的(de)(de)色(se)(se)素有(you)關,顏色(se)(se)多為(wei)乳白(bai)色(se)(se),其次為(wei)淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)和黃(huang)紅色(se)(se),具有(you)一定的(de)(de)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze),蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿的(de)(de)色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)與其品(pin)質(zhi)有(you)很大的(de)(de)關系,可作為(wei)評(ping)價蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿等級的(de)(de)依據之一。優等品(pin)呈乳白(bai)色(se)(se),有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)感;一等品(pin)呈淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)有(you)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)感;合格品(pin)呈黃(huang)紅色(se)(se)、光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)差。蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)蒼(cang)白(bai)或特別光(guang)亮,說明(ming)蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿摻有(you)牛奶、蜂(feng)(feng)蜜等。如果色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)變深(shen),有(you)小氣泡(pao),主要是由于儲(chu)存不(bu)善(shan),久置空氣中,產生質(zhi)量腐敗變質(zhi)現象。無(wu)(wu)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿,則為(wei)次品(pin)。看狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態:蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿有(you)漿狀(zhuang)(zhuang)物,半(ban)透明(ming),微(wei)粘,無(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲(chong)、蠟屑等雜質(zhi),無(wu)(wu)發泡(pao)(發酵征兆)。優等品(pin)漿狀(zhuang)(zhuang)呈朵塊形,微(wei)粘,光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)明(ming)顯(xian),無(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲(chong)、蠟屑等雜質(zhi),無(wu)(wu)氣泡(pao)。
真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),稠(chou)度(du)適(shi)中,呈稀奶(nai)油狀。如(ru)果稠(chou)度(du)稀,說明其(qi)中水分多,或(huo)摻有(you)(you)(you)假(jia)(jia);如(ru)果稠(chou)度(du)濃(nong),說明采漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時間太晚或(huo)儲存不當。聞氣味(wei)(wei)(wei):蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)一種特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)醇(chun)、酸香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣,氣味(wei)(wei)(wei)純正,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣越濃(nong),品(pin)(pin)質越好(hao)。優(you)等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣濃(nong),氣純正;一等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)看氣淡,氣純正;合格(ge)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣,氣純正。真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),微帶花香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei),無(wu)(wu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)者是假(jia)(jia)貨。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)并有(you)(you)(you)氣泡,說明蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)已發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)變質。如(ru)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)哈喇味(wei)(wei)(wei),說明酸敗。如(ru)加(jia)入(ru)奶(nai)粉、玉米粉、麥乳精等(deng)(deng),則有(you)(you)(you)奶(nai)味(wei)(wei)(wei)或(huo)無(wu)(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)。嘗(chang)滋味(wei)(wei)(wei):用干凈的(de)(de)用具(ju)取少(shao)許(xu)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口嘗(chang)其(qi)滋味(wei)(wei)(wei),蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)應具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)它(ta)固的(de)(de)的(de)(de)酸、澀,帶辛辣(la),回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜(tian)。酸、澀和(he)辛辣(la)越明顯(xian),蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)質量就越好(hao)。優(you)等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)酸、澀,帶辣(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei),回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜(tian),不得有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)、發(fa)臭(chou)等(deng)(deng)異味(wei)(wei)(wei);一等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)酸、澀,帶辣(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei),回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜(tian);合格(ge)品(pin)(pin)酸、澀,帶辛辣(la),回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜(tian)。
蜂花粉
蜂(feng)(feng)花粉是蜜蜂(feng)(feng)從植物花內(nei)采集的(de)花粉粒,經過(guo)蜜蜂(feng)(feng)向其(qi)內(nei)部加(jia)入了花蜜與唾液,混合成不(bu)(bu)規則(ze)扁圓型(xing)、上面帶(dai)有(you)(you)蜂(feng)(feng)蜜后(hou)肢(zhi)嵌(qian)夾痕跡的(de)團狀物。蜂(feng)(feng)花粉臭有(you)(you)種種本類花源的(de)色澤和(he)特殊的(de)辛(xin)香氣息,不(bu)(bu)同(tong)種類花粉味道(dao)各不(bu)(bu)相同(tong),有(you)(you)的(de)味微甜,有(you)(you)的(de)略苦(ku)澀。
蜂花粉品質巧鑒別
感官鑒別(bie)蜂花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)和優劣,應(ying)從顏(yan)(yan)色(se)、組織(zhi)狀態、氣味(wei)、滋味(wei)等(deng)方(fang)面進(jin)行。比(bi)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜂花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),應(ying)是(shi)團粒整齊,顏(yan)(yan)色(se)基本一(yi)(yi)致,無雜(za)質、無異味(wei)、無霉變、無蟲跡(ji)、干燥(zao)好、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)純的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜂花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。觀顏(yan)(yan)色(se):不同(tong)種(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)各(ge)不相同(tong),顏(yan)(yan)色(se)是(shi)識別(bie)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)依據之一(yi)(yi)。同(tong)時,花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)是(shi)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)質量等(deng)級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要指標,其感官檢測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法是(shi):隨(sui)機抽取100顆蜂花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒。以顏(yan)(yan)色(se)相同(tong)數(shu)目最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒數(shu)除以100即為種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)百分例數(shu),單(dan)一(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)團率越高,表明花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純度越高。
聞氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):新鮮的(de)蜂花(hua)粉(fen)有(you)(you)(you)濃厚的(de)天然辛香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),霉(mei)變的(de)蜂花(hua)粉(fen)卻無(wu)(wu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)難聞的(de)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。優(you)等(deng)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)單(dan)一花(hua)種清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi);一等(deng)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)單(dan)一花(hua)種的(de)清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi);合(he)格品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)粉(fen)的(de)清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)。嘗滋味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):新鮮的(de)蜂花(hua)粉(fen)有(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)帶辛或(huo)澀的(de)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao),無(wu)(wu)其他異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。優(you)等(deng)品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)帶辛,無(wu)(wu)異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);一等(deng)品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)帶辛,無(wu)(wu)異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei);合(he)格品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian),有(you)(you)(you)澀的(de)回味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),無(wu)(wu)異(yi)(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。
蜂花粉安全購買、食用小竅門
因現(xian)今蜂花(hua)粉大多(duo)是(shi)(shi)作為保健(jian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)、特殊營養食(shi)(shi)品(pin)來(lai)銷售的,因此,消費者在購買時(shi)一定要(yao)注意(yi)產品(pin)的標簽標識,是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)規廠(chang)家所(suo)生產,是(shi)(shi)否獲得了(le)保健(jian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)批準證書,認(ren)清保健(jian)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)的“藍(lan)色(se)草帽”標志及批準文號等。食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)花(hua)粉的最(zui)適宜的時(shi)間是(shi)(shi)早晨空腹(fu)服用(yong)(yong),或(huo)早、中晚分(fen)次用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)開(kai)水、牛(niu)奶或(huo)蜜(mi)水調(diao)服。花(hua)粉的服用(yong)(yong)應連(lian)續(xu)、長(chang)期服用(yong)(yong),逐漸發揮其效果。
蜂膠
蜂(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)是蜜(mi)蜂(feng)從膠(jiao)(jiao)源植物(wu)(wu)新生枝腋芽處(chu)采(cai)集(ji)的樹脂類(lei)物(wu)(wu)質,經(jing)(jing)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)混入其上腭(e)腺(xian)、蠟腺(xian)分(fen)(fen)泌物(wu)(wu)反復加工而成的膠(jiao)(jiao)狀物(wu)(wu)質,蜂(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)的基(ji)本含有是黃酮類(lei)化(hua)合物(wu)(wu),目前(qian)已經(jing)(jing)分(fen)(fen)離確(que)認(ren)的黃酮就有20多種(zhong),其中有2種(zhong)是人(ren)類(lei)首次(ci)從自然界中發現的。
蜂膠品質巧鑒別
鑒別蜂(feng)膠質(zhi)量(liang)的優劣主要(yao)從以(yi)下三(san)點進行(xing):一(yi)是新鮮(xian)度:要(yao)求是當年采集的新鮮(xian)蜂(feng)膠,氣味清香濃郁。二是雜質(zhi)含量(liang):雜質(zhi)含量(liang)要(yao)低于5%。三(san)是有效物質(zhi)含量(liang):有效物質(zhi)含量(liang)越(yue)高,其品質(zhi)越(yue)高。
蜂膠安全購買食用小竅門
注(zhu)意產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)類(lei)(lei)型和(he)用(yong)(yong)途:消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)購買(mai)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)時要注(zhu)意市場銷售產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型和(he)用(yong)(yong)途。如標(biao)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)準溶(rong)液(ye),系蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)乙醇溶(rong)液(ye),適(shi)于(yu)外用(yong)(yong)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin);如標(biao)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水溶(rong)液(ye),適(shi)于(yu)稀(xi)釋后服(fu)(fu)用(yong)(yong),或(huo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin);如果標(biao)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you),系蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)液(ye),適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)美(mei)容化(hua)(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)日常皮膚保養;如標(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)干膏(gao),系蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)提純物,適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)(pin);如標(biao)明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin),系含蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)妝(zhuang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。注(zhu)意標(biao)簽標(biao)識(shi):因現今蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)大(da)多是(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、特殊營養食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)來銷售的(de)(de),因此,消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)在購買(mai)時一(yi)定(ding)要注(zhu)意產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)標(biao)簽標(biao)識(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正規廠家所生(sheng)產(chan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否獲得了保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)批準證書(shu),認清保健食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)“藍色草帽”標(biao)志及批準文號等(deng)。安(an)(an)全(quan)服(fu)(fu)用(yong)(yong):蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)既可內服(fu)(fu),又(you)可外用(yong)(yong)。但為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)起見,首次(ci)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe),應(ying)從(cong)極少(shao)量(liang)開始逐漸增加(jia)至常用(yong)(yong)量(liang)。 極少(shao)數人(過(guo)敏體質者(zhe))可能對蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有過(guo)敏反應(ying),要謹慎食(shi)用(yong)(yong)。