怎樣鑒別蜂王漿和蜂花粉與蜂膠的真假 蜂制品真偽的鑒定

蜂王漿

蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)又稱蜂(feng)(feng)皇漿(jiang)、王(wang)漿(jiang)或蜂(feng)(feng)乳。它是年輕工蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)腺分(fen)泌的(de)粘稠的(de)膠狀物，顏色呈乳白色、淡黃(huang)色或微紅色。具有典型的(de)酚與酸的(de)氣味，滋味酸、澀，略(lve)帶辛辣(la)，回味略(lve)甜。蜂(feng)(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)按其品(pin)質的(de)好(hao)壞分(fen)為：優(you)等(deng)品(pin)、一等(deng)品(pin)和合格品(pin)。

蜂王(wang)(wang)漿常(chang)見的質量問題：水分含(han)量超標；變質；摻(chan)(chan)假問題（如摻(chan)(chan)入牛奶、淀(dian)粉、滑石粉或(huo)乳(ru)制(zhi)品(pin)等(deng)）。由于蜂王(wang)(wang)漿含(han)有豐(feng)富的活性(xing)物質，溫度、空氣和陽光對蜂王(wang)(wang)漿的質量影(ying)響都很大，在(zai)常(chang)溫下(xia)(xia)放置一天(tian)，其新鮮度明顯下(xia)(xia)降，故購買純鮮蜂王(wang)(wang)漿時，其產品(pin)應在(zai)干燥(zao)陰涼處密封出售；由于蜂王(wang)(wang)漿含(han)有性(xing)激素，最好不要(yao)購買給(gei)兒童(tong)食用。

蜂王漿等級評價和品質巧鑒別

感官上對蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)的等級評(ping)價(jia)(jia)和真(zhen)偽鑒別可從以下(xia)幾下(xia)方(fang)面進行；觀(guan)色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)：蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)顏色(se)(se)的差異與工蜂(feng)采集的植物花粉的色(se)(se)素有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)，顏色(se)(se)多為乳(ru)白色(se)(se)，其次(ci)為淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)和黃(huang)紅(hong)色(se)(se)，具有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)，蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)的色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)與其品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)很大的關(guan)系，可作為評(ping)價(jia)(jia)蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)等級的依據之一(yi)。優(you)等品(pin)(pin)(pin)呈乳(ru)白色(se)(se)，有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)(xian)的光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)感；一(yi)等品(pin)(pin)(pin)呈淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)感；合格品(pin)(pin)(pin)呈黃(huang)紅(hong)色(se)(se)、光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)差。蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)蒼白或(huo)特別光(guang)亮，說明蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)摻有(you)(you)(you)牛奶、蜂(feng)蜜等。如果色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)變深(shen)，有(you)(you)(you)小氣泡(pao)，主要是由(you)于儲存不善，久置空氣中，產生(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)量腐敗變質(zhi)(zhi)現象。無(wu)(wu)光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)的蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)，則為次(ci)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。看狀態：蜂(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)漿(jiang)狀物，半透明，微粘(zhan)，無(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲、蠟屑等雜質(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)發泡(pao)（發酵(jiao)征兆）。優(you)等品(pin)(pin)(pin)漿(jiang)狀呈朵塊形，微粘(zhan)，光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)明顯(xian)(xian)，無(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲、蠟屑等雜質(zhi)(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)氣泡(pao)。

真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)，稠(chou)度適中(zhong)，呈稀奶油(you)狀。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)稠(chou)度稀，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)其中(zhong)水(shui)分(fen)多，或摻有(you)(you)(you)(you)假；如(ru)果(guo)(guo)稠(chou)度濃，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)采漿(jiang)時間(jian)太晚或儲存不(bu)當。聞氣味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一種特(te)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)醇、酸香(xiang)氣，氣味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)純(chun)正，香(xiang)氣越(yue)(yue)濃，品(pin)質越(yue)(yue)好。優等(deng)品(pin)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)香(xiang)氣濃，氣純(chun)正；一等(deng)品(pin)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)看氣淡，氣純(chun)正；合格(ge)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)香(xiang)氣，氣純(chun)正。真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)，微帶(dai)(dai)花香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，無香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者是假貨(huo)。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并有(you)(you)(you)(you)氣泡，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)已發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)變質。如(ru)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)哈喇味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)酸敗。如(ru)加(jia)入(ru)奶粉、玉米粉、麥乳精(jing)等(deng)，則有(you)(you)(you)(you)奶味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)或無味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。嘗(chang)滋味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：用干凈的(de)(de)(de)用具取少許的(de)(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)口嘗(chang)其滋味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)應(ying)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)它固的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)酸、澀(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辛(xin)(xin)辣(la)(la)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略甜(tian)。酸、澀(se)和辛(xin)(xin)辣(la)(la)越(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)質量就越(yue)(yue)好。優等(deng)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)酸、澀(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辣(la)(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略甜(tian)，不(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)臭等(deng)異味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)；一等(deng)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)酸、澀(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辣(la)(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略甜(tian)；合格(ge)品(pin)酸、澀(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辛(xin)(xin)辣(la)(la)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略甜(tian)。

蜂花粉

蜂(feng)花粉是蜜(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)從植物花內采集的花粉粒，經過蜜(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)向其內部加入了花蜜(mi)(mi)與唾液，混合(he)成不規則(ze)扁圓(yuan)型、上面帶有蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)后肢嵌夾痕跡的團狀物。蜂(feng)花粉臭有種種本類花源的色澤和特殊的辛(xin)香氣息，不同種類花粉味道各不相同，有的味微甜(tian)，有的略苦(ku)澀。

蜂花粉品質巧鑒別

感官鑒別(bie)蜂(feng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)(deng)級和優劣，應(ying)從顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)、組織(zhi)狀態、氣味(wei)、滋味(wei)等(deng)(deng)方面進行。比較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)蜂(feng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)，應(ying)是(shi)團(tuan)粒整齊(qi)，顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)基本(ben)一(yi)致(zhi)，無(wu)雜質(zhi)(zhi)、無(wu)異味(wei)、無(wu)霉變、無(wu)蟲跡、干燥好(hao)、品種純的(de)(de)(de)蜂(feng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。觀顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)：不同(tong)(tong)種類的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)各不相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)是(shi)識別(bie)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)品種的(de)(de)(de)依據之一(yi)。同(tong)(tong)時，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)品種的(de)(de)(de)單一(yi)是(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)量等(deng)(deng)級的(de)(de)(de)重要指標，其感官檢測的(de)(de)(de)方法是(shi)：隨機抽(chou)取100顆(ke)(ke)蜂(feng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顆(ke)(ke)粒。以(yi)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)數(shu)目最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)顆(ke)(ke)粒數(shu)除以(yi)100即為種花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)單一(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)百分例數(shu)，單一(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)團(tuan)率越高，表明花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)純度(du)越高。

聞(wen)氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)：新鮮的(de)蜂花(hua)粉有(you)濃厚的(de)天(tian)然(ran)辛(xin)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)，霉(mei)變的(de)蜂花(hua)粉卻無(wu)(wu)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)或有(you)難(nan)聞(wen)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)。優等(deng)(deng)品(pin)有(you)明顯的(de)單(dan)一花(hua)種清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)；一等(deng)(deng)品(pin)有(you)單(dan)一花(hua)種的(de)清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)；合格品(pin)有(you)花(hua)粉的(de)清(qing)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)。嘗(chang)滋味(wei)(wei)：新鮮的(de)蜂花(hua)粉有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛(xin)或澀(se)的(de)味(wei)(wei)道(dao)，無(wu)(wu)其他異味(wei)(wei)。優等(deng)(deng)品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛(xin)，無(wu)(wu)異味(wei)(wei)；一等(deng)(deng)品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛(xin)，無(wu)(wu)異味(wei)(wei)；合格品(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)，有(you)澀(se)的(de)回味(wei)(wei)，無(wu)(wu)異味(wei)(wei)。

蜂花粉安全購買、食用小竅門

因現今(jin)蜂花粉大多是(shi)(shi)作為保健(jian)食品(pin)、特殊營養食品(pin)來銷售的(de)，因此，消費(fei)者在購買(mai)時(shi)(shi)一定要注意產(chan)品(pin)的(de)標(biao)簽(qian)標(biao)識，是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)規廠家(jia)所生產(chan)，是(shi)(shi)否獲(huo)得了保健(jian)食品(pin)批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)證書(shu)，認清保健(jian)食品(pin)的(de)“藍色草帽”標(biao)志及(ji)批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)文(wen)號等。食用(yong)花粉的(de)最適(shi)宜的(de)時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)(shi)早(zao)晨(chen)空腹服(fu)用(yong)，或早(zao)、中(zhong)晚分次(ci)用(yong)溫開(kai)水、牛奶或蜜水調(diao)服(fu)。花粉的(de)服(fu)用(yong)應連續、長期服(fu)用(yong)，逐漸發揮其效果(guo)。

蜂膠

蜂(feng)膠(jiao)是蜜蜂(feng)從膠(jiao)源植物新生枝腋芽處采集(ji)的樹脂類(lei)物質，經(jing)蜜蜂(feng)混入其(qi)上(shang)腭腺(xian)、蠟腺(xian)分泌物反復加工(gong)而成的膠(jiao)狀物質，蜂(feng)膠(jiao)的基本含有是黃酮類(lei)化合物，目前已經(jing)分離確認的黃酮就有20多種，其(qi)中有2種是人(ren)類(lei)首次從自(zi)然界中發現(xian)的。

蜂膠品質巧鑒別

鑒別蜂(feng)膠(jiao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)優劣主要從以下(xia)三(san)點進(jin)行：一是新鮮度：要求(qiu)是當年采集(ji)的(de)(de)新鮮蜂(feng)膠(jiao)，氣(qi)味(wei)清香濃郁。二是雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量：雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量要低于5％。三(san)是有效物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量：有效物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量越(yue)高，其品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越(yue)高。

蜂膠安(an)全購買食(shi)用小(xiao)竅門

注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)產品(pin)類型和用(yong)(yong)(yong)途：消費者(zhe)購買蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)時(shi)要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)市場銷(xiao)售產品(pin)的類型和用(yong)(yong)(yong)途。如(ru)標(biao)(biao)明是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)溶液，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)乙(yi)醇溶液，適(shi)于外用(yong)(yong)(yong)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)于食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)明是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水溶液，適(shi)于稀釋后服(fu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，或用(yong)(yong)(yong)于食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)；如(ru)果(guo)標(biao)(biao)明是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油液，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于美容(rong)化(hua)(hua)妝品(pin)或日常皮膚保(bao)(bao)養；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)干膏(gao)，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)提純物，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)、制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)品(pin)、化(hua)(hua)妝品(pin)；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)明是(shi)(shi)(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)，系(xi)含蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)、制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)品(pin)、化(hua)(hua)妝品(pin)。注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)標(biao)(biao)簽標(biao)(biao)識：因現(xian)今蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產品(pin)大多是(shi)(shi)(shi)作為(wei)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)、特殊營養食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)來銷(xiao)售的，因此，消費者(zhe)在購買時(shi)一定要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)產品(pin)的標(biao)(biao)簽標(biao)(biao)識，是(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正規廠家(jia)所(suo)生產，是(shi)(shi)(shi)否獲得了保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)批準(zhun)證書，認(ren)清(qing)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)的“藍(lan)色草帽”標(biao)(biao)志及批準(zhun)文號等。安全服(fu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)：蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)既可內服(fu)，又可外用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但為(wei)安全起見，首次食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)，應從極少(shao)量開始逐(zhu)漸增(zeng)加(jia)至常用(yong)(yong)(yong)量。 極少(shao)數人（過敏體質者(zhe)）可能對蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有過敏反(fan)應，要(yao)謹慎食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。