怎樣鑒別蜂王漿和蜂花粉與蜂膠的真假 蜂制品真偽的鑒定

蜂王漿

蜂(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)又稱蜂(feng)皇(huang)漿(jiang)(jiang)、王(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)蜂(feng)乳(ru)。它是年輕工蜂(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)腺(xian)分泌的粘稠的膠狀物，顏色(se)呈(cheng)乳(ru)白色(se)、淡黃色(se)或(huo)微紅色(se)。具有典型(xing)的酚與酸的氣味，滋味酸、澀，略帶辛辣，回味略甜(tian)。蜂(feng)王(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)按其品質的好壞分為：優等(deng)品、一(yi)等(deng)品和(he)合(he)格品。

蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)常見的質量問題：水分含(han)量超標(biao)；變質；摻(chan)(chan)假問題（如摻(chan)(chan)入牛奶(nai)、淀粉(fen)、滑石粉(fen)或乳制品等）。由于蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)含(han)有豐富的活性(xing)物質，溫度、空(kong)氣和陽光對蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的質量影響都很大，在常溫下(xia)(xia)放置(zhi)一天，其(qi)新鮮度明顯下(xia)(xia)降，故(gu)購(gou)買純鮮蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)時，其(qi)產品應在干燥陰涼處密封出售；由于蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)含(han)有性(xing)激素，最好不(bu)要購(gou)買給兒童食用。

蜂王漿等級評價和品質巧鑒別

感官上對(dui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)等(deng)級(ji)評價和真(zhen)偽鑒別可(ke)從以下幾下方(fang)面進行；觀色(se)澤(ze)：蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)顏色(se)的(de)(de)差(cha)異(yi)與工蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)采集(ji)的(de)(de)植物(wu)花粉的(de)(de)色(se)素有(you)(you)關(guan)，顏色(se)多為(wei)(wei)乳白色(se)，其次為(wei)(wei)淡黃色(se)和黃紅色(se)，具有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)光(guang)澤(ze)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)的(de)(de)色(se)澤(ze)與其品(pin)質(zhi)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)關(guan)系，可(ke)作為(wei)(wei)評價蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)依據之(zhi)一。優等(deng)品(pin)呈(cheng)乳白色(se)，有(you)(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)光(guang)澤(ze)感；一等(deng)品(pin)呈(cheng)淡黃色(se)有(you)(you)光(guang)澤(ze)感；合格品(pin)呈(cheng)黃紅色(se)、光(guang)澤(ze)差(cha)。蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)色(se)澤(ze)蒼白或特別光(guang)亮，說明蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)摻(chan)有(you)(you)牛奶、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜等(deng)。如(ru)果色(se)澤(ze)變深，有(you)(you)小氣(qi)泡(pao)，主要是由于儲存不善，久(jiu)置空氣(qi)中(zhong)，產生(sheng)質(zhi)量腐敗變質(zhi)現象。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)光(guang)澤(ze)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)，則為(wei)(wei)次品(pin)。看狀(zhuang)態：蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)有(you)(you)漿(jiang)狀(zhuang)物(wu)，半透(tou)明，微粘，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲、蠟屑等(deng)雜質(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)泡(pao)（發(fa)酵征兆(zhao)）。優等(deng)品(pin)漿(jiang)狀(zhuang)呈(cheng)朵(duo)塊形，微粘，光(guang)澤(ze)明顯(xian)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)幼(you)蟲、蠟屑等(deng)雜質(zhi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氣(qi)泡(pao)。

真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)，稠(chou)(chou)度(du)(du)(du)適中(zhong)，呈稀奶油狀。如(ru)果稠(chou)(chou)度(du)(du)(du)稀，說明(ming)(ming)其(qi)中(zhong)水分(fen)多，或(huo)摻有(you)(you)(you)假(jia)；如(ru)果稠(chou)(chou)度(du)(du)(du)濃，說明(ming)(ming)采漿(jiang)(jiang)時間太晚(wan)或(huo)儲存不當。聞氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)一種(zhong)特有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)醇、酸(suan)(suan)(suan)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)純正，香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)越濃，品質越好。優(you)等(deng)品蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濃，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)純正；一等(deng)品蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)看氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)淡，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)純正；合(he)格品有(you)(you)(you)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)純正。真蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)，微(wei)帶(dai)(dai)花香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，無(wu)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者是(shi)假(jia)貨。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并有(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡，說明(ming)(ming)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)已發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)變質。如(ru)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)有(you)(you)(you)哈喇味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，說明(ming)(ming)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)敗。如(ru)加(jia)入奶粉、玉米粉、麥乳精等(deng)，則有(you)(you)(you)奶味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)或(huo)無(wu)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。嘗滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：用(yong)干凈的(de)(de)用(yong)具取少許的(de)(de)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)口嘗其(qi)滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)應具有(you)(you)(you)它固(gu)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、澀(se)(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辛辣(la)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜。酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、澀(se)(se)和辛辣(la)越明(ming)(ming)顯，蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)質量就越好。優(you)等(deng)品有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、澀(se)(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辣(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜，不得有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)、發(fa)臭(chou)等(deng)異味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)；一等(deng)品有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、澀(se)(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辣(la)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜；合(he)格品酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、澀(se)(se)，帶(dai)(dai)辛辣(la)，回(hui)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)略(lve)甜。

蜂花粉

蜂花(hua)粉(fen)(fen)是蜜蜂從植物花(hua)內采集的花(hua)粉(fen)(fen)粒，經過蜜蜂向其(qi)內部加(jia)入(ru)了花(hua)蜜與唾液，混(hun)合成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)規(gui)則扁圓型、上面帶有蜂蜜后肢(zhi)嵌夾痕跡的團狀物。蜂花(hua)粉(fen)(fen)臭有種種本類花(hua)源(yuan)的色澤和(he)特殊(shu)的辛香氣息(xi)，不(bu)(bu)同種類花(hua)粉(fen)(fen)味道各不(bu)(bu)相同，有的味微甜(tian)，有的略苦澀。

蜂花粉品質巧鑒別

感(gan)官(guan)鑒別蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)等(deng)級和優(you)劣，應(ying)(ying)從(cong)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色、組織狀(zhuang)態、氣(qi)味、滋味等(deng)方面進行。比較好的(de)(de)蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，應(ying)(ying)是團粒整齊，顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色基本一致，無雜質、無異味、無霉(mei)變、無蟲跡、干燥好、品種(zhong)(zhong)純的(de)(de)蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。觀顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色：不同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)類的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色各不相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色是識別花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)依據之一。同(tong)(tong)時，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)單一是花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)質量(liang)等(deng)級的(de)(de)重要指標，其(qi)感(gan)官(guan)檢(jian)測的(de)(de)方法是：隨機(ji)抽取100顆蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒。以顏(yan)(yan)(yan)色相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)數目最(zui)多的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)顆粒數除以100即為種(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)單一花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)團的(de)(de)百分例(li)數，單一花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)團率(lv)越(yue)高，表明花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)純度越(yue)高。

聞氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)：新鮮(xian)的蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)有(you)濃(nong)厚的天然(ran)辛香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)，霉變的蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)卻無(wu)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)(wei)或有(you)難(nan)聞的氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)。優等品(pin)(pin)有(you)明顯的單一花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種清香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)；一等品(pin)(pin)有(you)單一花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)種的清香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)；合(he)(he)格品(pin)(pin)有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)的清香(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)。嘗滋(zi)味(wei)(wei)：新鮮(xian)的蜂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛或澀的味(wei)(wei)道，無(wu)其他(ta)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)。優等品(pin)(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)；一等品(pin)(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)帶(dai)辛，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)；合(he)(he)格品(pin)(pin)香(xiang)(xiang)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)，有(you)澀的回味(wei)(wei)，無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)。

蜂花粉安全購買、食用小竅門

因(yin)現今蜂(feng)花(hua)粉大多是(shi)作為保健食(shi)品(pin)、特(te)殊營養食(shi)品(pin)來(lai)銷售的(de)(de)，因(yin)此，消費者在購買(mai)時一定要(yao)注意產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)標(biao)簽標(biao)識(shi)，是(shi)否(fou)是(shi)正規廠(chang)家(jia)所生產(chan)，是(shi)否(fou)獲得了保健食(shi)品(pin)批準(zhun)證書，認清(qing)保健食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)“藍色(se)草帽”標(biao)志及批準(zhun)文號等。食(shi)用花(hua)粉的(de)(de)最(zui)適宜的(de)(de)時間是(shi)早(zao)晨空(kong)腹服用，或早(zao)、中晚分次用溫開水(shui)、牛奶或蜜水(shui)調服。花(hua)粉的(de)(de)服用應連(lian)續、長期服用，逐漸發(fa)揮其效(xiao)果。

蜂膠

蜂(feng)膠(jiao)是蜜蜂(feng)從(cong)膠(jiao)源植物(wu)新生枝腋芽處采集的(de)(de)樹脂類物(wu)質，經蜜蜂(feng)混入其上腭(e)腺(xian)、蠟腺(xian)分(fen)泌物(wu)反(fan)復(fu)加工而成的(de)(de)膠(jiao)狀物(wu)質，蜂(feng)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)基本含(han)有是黃酮類化合物(wu)，目前已經分(fen)離確認的(de)(de)黃酮就(jiu)有20多(duo)種(zhong)，其中有2種(zhong)是人類首次(ci)從(cong)自然界中發現的(de)(de)。

蜂膠品質巧鑒別

鑒(jian)別蜂膠(jiao)質(zhi)量的優劣(lie)主要從以(yi)下三(san)點進行：一是(shi)新(xin)鮮度：要求是(shi)當年采集的新(xin)鮮蜂膠(jiao)，氣(qi)味清(qing)香濃(nong)郁。二是(shi)雜質(zhi)含(han)量：雜質(zhi)含(han)量要低于5％。三(san)是(shi)有(you)效物質(zhi)含(han)量：有(you)效物質(zhi)含(han)量越高(gao)，其品質(zhi)越高(gao)。

蜂膠安全購買食用(yong)小竅門(men)

注(zhu)(zhu)意產(chan)(chan)品(pin)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)：消費(fei)者購買(mai)(mai)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)時(shi)要注(zhu)(zhu)意市場銷(xiao)售產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。如(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明是(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準溶液，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)乙醇溶液，適于(yu)(yu)外用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明是(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水溶液，適于(yu)(yu)稀(xi)釋后服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)；如(ru)果標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明是(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油液，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)美(mei)容化妝(zhuang)品(pin)或(huo)日常皮膚(fu)保(bao)養(yang)；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)是(shi)是(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)干膏，系(xi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)提純物，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)食(shi)品(pin)、制品(pin)品(pin)、化妝(zhuang)品(pin)；如(ru)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明是(shi)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制品(pin)，系(xi)含蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)食(shi)品(pin)、制品(pin)品(pin)、化妝(zhuang)品(pin)。注(zhu)(zhu)意標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識：因(yin)(yin)現今(jin)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)大多是(shi)作(zuo)為保(bao)健食(shi)品(pin)、特殊營養(yang)食(shi)品(pin)來銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，消費(fei)者在購買(mai)(mai)時(shi)一定要注(zhu)(zhu)意產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識，是(shi)是(shi)正規廠家(jia)所生產(chan)(chan)，是(shi)否獲得了保(bao)健食(shi)品(pin)批準證書，認(ren)清保(bao)健食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)“藍(lan)色草帽”標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志及批準文號等。安(an)全服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)既可內服，又可外用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)為安(an)全起見(jian)，首次食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者，應從(cong)極少(shao)量開始逐(zhu)漸增加至(zhi)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量。 極少(shao)數人（過(guo)敏(min)體質者）可能對蜂(feng)(feng)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有過(guo)敏(min)反應，要謹(jin)慎食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。