勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)有什(shen)么用？勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)簽訂(ding)要(yao)注意什(shen)么？

勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)是產(chan)(chan)生勞(lao)動法(fa)律關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律事實，是建立(li)勞(lao)動關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本形式。勞(lao)動者(zhe)同(tong)用人單位訂(ding)立(li)勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)，對(dui)于(yu)保(bao)障勞(lao)動者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)，合(he)(he)理使用勞(lao)動力(li)，增強企業活力(li)，發揮(hui)勞(lao)動者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積極性(xing)和創造性(xing)，提高勞(lao)動生產(chan)(chan)率(lv)，促進社會(hui)主義(yi)現(xian)代化建設，都(dou)有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，勞(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用主要(yao)表現(xian)在以下幾方面(mian)：

(1)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)的(de)重要保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)獲得(de)職業的(de)權(quan)利。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)生存的(de)權(quan)利。我國憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)定：“中華人民(min)共和(he)國公(gong)民(min)有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)權(quan)利和(he)義務(wu)。”國家(jia)(jia)通過憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)和(he)法(fa)(fa)律保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律形式。它(ta)可以將國家(jia)(jia)規(gui)定的(de)客(ke)觀(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)變為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)主(zhu)觀(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)訂(ding)立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)，意味著勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)的(de)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在合同(tong)期(qi)限內獲得(de)有保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)的(de)工(gong)作，用人單位(wei)不(bu)得(de)無(wu)故解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。國家(jia)(jia)通過促進(jin)經濟和(he)社會(hui)發展，創造就(jiu)業條件，擴大就(jiu)業機(ji)會(hui)，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)是(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)合(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)、鞏固勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv)、提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率的(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)可以根據生產(chan)經(jing)營或工作需要確定招收錄用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)時間、條件、方式和(he)數量(liang)，并(bing)且通過與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者簽(qian)訂(ding)不同(tong)(tong)類型、不同(tong)(tong)期限(xian)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，發揮(hui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)專長，做到(dao)人(ren)(ren)盡其(qi)才，合(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)享有依(yi)法訂(ding)立、變(bian)更、解除(chu)、終止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)自主(zhu)權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者能(neng)進能(neng)出，可以促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，優(you)化(hua)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)資源配(pei)置。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)規(gui)定勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者必須遵守其(qi)所在(zai)單(dan)位(wei)內部勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規(gui)則(ze)和(he)其(qi)他規(gui)章制度，有利于鞏固勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv)。簽(qian)訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)之一是(shi)為了提(ti)高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率。只要用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)認真履(lv)行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，就能(neng)調動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廣大勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)積(ji)極性，促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率的(de)(de)提(ti)高。

(3)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)是減(jian)(jian)少(shao)和(he)防止(zhi)發生(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議的重要措施。在我國社(she)會主(zhu)義(yi)制(zhi)度下，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者同(tong)用人單(dan)位的根本利益(yi)是一致的，但是由(you)于種種原因也會產生(sheng)(sheng)矛盾(dun)，發生(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議。簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)，明確(que)規定當事(shi)人雙方的權利和(he)義(yi)務，有助于提高雙方履行(xing)合(he)同(tong)的自(zi)覺性，促使他們正確(que)地(di)行(xing)使權利，嚴格地(di)履行(xing)義(yi)務。這樣，就可以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)和(he)防止(zhi)發生(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞動合同(tong)簽訂的時(shi)間

自(zi)用(yong)工(gong)之日(ri)起(qi)(qi)一個月內訂(ding)立書(shu)面勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同即可(ke)。否(fou)則(ze)用(yong)人單位(wei)須向勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)支付(fu)雙倍工(gong)資。自(zi)用(yong)工(gong)之日(ri)起(qi)(qi)超過一年未與勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽(qian)訂(ding)書(shu)面勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同的，視為(wei)雙方已(yi)經形成無固定期限勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有三種：有固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、無固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和以(yi)完(wan)成一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工作為期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。所以(yi)用人(ren)單位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者在簽訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時要根據雙方的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)來協商確定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時，如果有約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)是包含(han)在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內的(de)(de)(de)，若(ruo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)僅約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)不(bu)成立，該期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。并且以(yi)完(wan)成一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工作為期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或者勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)滿3個月的(de)(de)(de)，依照勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法(fa)規定(ding)(ding)該情形不(bu)得約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)。

三、對非全日制用工要特別注意(yi)

1、非全日制(zhi)勞動者在同一用人單位一般(ban)平均每日工作時間不(bu)超(chao)過4小(xiao)時。每周工作時間累計不(bu)超(chao)過24小(xiao)時。

2、非(fei)全日制用(yong)工(gong)不得約定試用(yong)期。

3、非全日制用工(gong)小時計酬標(biao)準(zhun)不得低于最(zui)低小時工(gong)資標(biao)準(zhun)。

4、非全日(ri)制用工(gong)勞動(dong)報酬結算支(zhi)付周(zhou)期最(zui)長不(bu)得超過15日(ri)。

5、用人單位必須為勞動(dong)者繳納工傷保(bao)險，否則發生工傷事故(gu)則要承擔相關責任。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一、聘任和解聘的問題

對于高級管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的聘(pin)任和(he)解(jie)聘(pin)不同(tong)于一般的勞動(dong)者，他主要是由《公司法(fa)(fa)》等法(fa)(fa)律專門(men)規定的，如依照公司法(fa)(fa)規定未(wei)經(jing)用人(ren)單位董(dong)事會的決議，用人(ren)單位是無(wu)權直接聘(pin)任或解(jie)聘(pin)高級管(guan)理人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的。所以在簽訂勞動(dong)合同(tong)時要規定明確，以便和(he)普通員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的勞動(dong)合同(tong)區別開來。

二、加班費問題

對于高級(ji)管(guan)理人員(yuan)來說，其工作性質是(shi)與普(pu)通勞動(dong)者不同(tong)的。在實務(wu)中，經(jing)常(chang)會有公司的高級(ji)管(guan)理人員(yuan)離(li)職(zhi)以后，向(xiang)公司要求給付加班(ban)費的問題，所(suo)以用人單(dan)位在簽訂勞動(dong)合同(tong)時應注意解決這個問題。

三、保密條款

由于高級管理人(ren)(ren)員會接觸到(dao)用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位的(de)商(shang)業秘密(mi)(mi)，所以為了防止高級管理人(ren)(ren)員將商(shang)業秘密(mi)(mi)泄露給(gei)他人(ren)(ren)損害用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位的(de)利益，就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)在勞(lao)動合同中增加(jia)保(bao)密(mi)(mi)條款，并且(qie)對違反保(bao)密(mi)(mi)條款時應(ying)承擔(dan)的(de)責任做好(hao)約定。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)是用人單(dan)位對勞動者(zhe)在(zai)用工時或(huo)終止、解(jie)除勞動合同(tong)后的(de)一(yi)定期限(xian)內不(bu)得(de)經(jing)營同(tong)類業(ye)務或(huo)在(zai)與(yu)本單(dan)位有競(jing)爭關(guan)(guan)系的(de)其他用人單(dan)位任職，也(ye)不(bu)得(de)自己(ji)生(sheng)產與(yu)原單(dan)位有競(jing)爭關(guan)(guan)系的(de)同(tong)類產品或(huo)經(jing)營同(tong)類業(ye)務。為了更好的(de)保護用人單(dan)位的(de)利益，在(zai)與(yu)高級管理人員簽訂的(de)勞動合同(tong)中根據實際情況添加(jia)競(jing)業(ye)限(xian)制(zhi)條款。