勞動(dong)合同(tong)有什(shen)(shen)么(me)用？勞動(dong)合同(tong)簽訂要注意什(shen)(shen)么(me)？

勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)是產生勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)律關系的法(fa)(fa)律事實，是建(jian)立勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系的基(ji)本形式(shi)。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)同(tong)用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)訂立勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)，對于保(bao)障勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的合法(fa)(fa)權益，合理(li)使用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，增(zeng)強企業活力(li)(li)，發揮(hui)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的積極性(xing)和(he)創造性(xing)，提高勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)生產率，促進社會主(zhu)義(yi)現代化(hua)建(jian)設，都有重要(yao)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)主(zhu)要(yao)表現在以下幾方面：

(1)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的重要保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者獲(huo)(huo)得(de)職業的權(quan)(quan)利。它(ta)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者生存的權(quan)(quan)利。我國(guo)憲法(fa)規定：“中華人民共和(he)國(guo)公民有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的權(quan)(quan)利和(he)義務。”國(guo)家通(tong)過(guo)憲法(fa)和(he)法(fa)律(lv)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的法(fa)律(lv)形式。它(ta)可以將國(guo)家規定的客觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)變為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者的主觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者訂立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，意(yi)味著勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的實(shi)現(xian)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者在(zai)合同(tong)(tong)期限(xian)內獲(huo)(huo)得(de)有保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)的工作，用人單(dan)位不得(de)無故解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。國(guo)家通(tong)過(guo)促進(jin)經濟和(he)社會發展，創造就業條(tiao)件，擴大就業機會，保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現(xian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)是用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)、鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv)(lv)、提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生產率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)重要手段。用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)可以(yi)根據生產經營(ying)或工作需要確定(ding)招收錄用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)時間、條件、方式(shi)和數量，并(bing)且通過與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽訂不(bu)同(tong)類型、不(bu)同(tong)期限的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，發揮勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)專長，做到人(ren)盡其(qi)才，合(he)(he)理(li)使用(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)享有依法訂立、變更、解除、終止(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)自主(zhu)權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)能(neng)進能(neng)出，可以(yi)促進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，優化勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)資源配置(zhi)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)規定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)必須遵守其(qi)所(suo)在(zai)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)內(nei)部勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)規則和其(qi)他規章(zhang)制(zhi)度，有利于鞏固(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律(lv)(lv)。簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)之一是為了提高勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生產率(lv)。只要用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)認真履行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，就能(neng)調動(dong)(dong)(dong)廣大(da)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)積極(ji)性，促進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生產率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)提高。

(3)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)是減少(shao)和防止(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議(yi)的重(zhong)要措施(shi)。在我國社會(hui)主義制度下，勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者同(tong)用人單(dan)位(wei)的根本利益(yi)是一致的，但(dan)是由于(yu)種(zhong)種(zhong)原因也會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)矛(mao)盾，發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議(yi)。簽(qian)訂勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，明確規定當事人雙(shuang)方(fang)的權(quan)(quan)利和義務，有(you)助于(yu)提高雙(shuang)方(fang)履(lv)行合(he)(he)同(tong)的自覺性，促(cu)使他們正(zheng)確地行使權(quan)(quan)利，嚴格地履(lv)行義務。這樣，就可以減少(shao)和防止(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議(yi)。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞(lao)動合(he)同簽訂的(de)時間(jian)

自用(yong)工之(zhi)日起一(yi)個(ge)月(yue)內訂立書(shu)面勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)即可。否(fou)則用(yong)人單位(wei)須(xu)向勞動(dong)(dong)者支付雙(shuang)倍工資。自用(yong)工之(zhi)日起超(chao)過(guo)一(yi)年未與勞動(dong)(dong)者簽(qian)訂書(shu)面勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的，視為雙(shuang)方已經形成無固定期限勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)有三種：有固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、無固(gu)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)和以(yi)(yi)完(wan)成一定(ding)的(de)工作(zuo)為期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。所以(yi)(yi)用(yong)人單位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)在簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)時要根據(ju)雙方(fang)的(de)需求(qiu)來協商(shang)確(que)定(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，如果有約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是包含在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內的(de)，若勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)僅約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立，該期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。并且以(yi)(yi)完(wan)成一定(ding)的(de)工作(zuo)為期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)或者(zhe)(zhe)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)不滿3個(ge)月的(de)，依照勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)法規定(ding)該情形不得約定(ding)試(shi)(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

三、對(dui)非全日制(zhi)用工要(yao)特別注意

1、非全日(ri)制(zhi)勞動者(zhe)在(zai)同一用人單位一般平均每日(ri)工(gong)作時(shi)間不(bu)超(chao)過4小時(shi)。每周(zhou)工(gong)作時(shi)間累計不(bu)超(chao)過24小時(shi)。

2、非全日(ri)制用工不得約定試用期。

3、非全日制用工(gong)小時(shi)計酬標準不得(de)低(di)于最低(di)小時(shi)工(gong)資標準。

4、非全日制用(yong)工勞動(dong)報酬結算支付(fu)周(zhou)期最長不得超過15日。

5、用人單(dan)位必須為勞動者繳納工(gong)傷保險，否則發生工(gong)傷事故(gu)則要(yao)承擔相關責任(ren)。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一、聘(pin)任和解(jie)聘(pin)的問(wen)題

對于(yu)(yu)高級管理人(ren)員的(de)聘(pin)任(ren)和(he)解(jie)聘(pin)不同于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)者，他主要(yao)是(shi)由《公司法》等法律專門規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)，如依照公司法規(gui)(gui)定(ding)未(wei)經用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)董事會的(de)決議(yi)，用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)是(shi)無權直接聘(pin)任(ren)或解(jie)聘(pin)高級管理人(ren)員的(de)。所以在(zai)簽(qian)訂勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同時要(yao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)明確，以便和(he)普(pu)通員工(gong)的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)合(he)同區別開來。

二、加班費問題

對于(yu)高級管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員來說，其工作(zuo)性質(zhi)是與普(pu)通勞動(dong)者(zhe)不(bu)同(tong)的。在實務中，經(jing)常會有公(gong)司(si)的高級管理(li)人(ren)(ren)員離職以(yi)后(hou)，向(xiang)公(gong)司(si)要求(qiu)給付加班費的問題，所以(yi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)在簽訂(ding)勞動(dong)合同(tong)時應注意(yi)解決這(zhe)個問題。

三、保密條款

由于高級管理人(ren)(ren)員會(hui)接觸到用人(ren)(ren)單位的商(shang)業秘(mi)密，所以(yi)為了防止高級管理人(ren)(ren)員將商(shang)業秘(mi)密泄露給他人(ren)(ren)損害(hai)用人(ren)(ren)單位的利益，就需要在(zai)勞動合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)增加保密條款，并且(qie)對(dui)違反(fan)保密條款時應承擔的責任(ren)做好約定。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)(jing)業限制(zhi)是(shi)用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)對勞動(dong)者在用工時或終止、解除(chu)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)后的(de)(de)(de)一定(ding)期限內不得經營(ying)同(tong)類(lei)業務(wu)或在與(yu)(yu)本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有(you)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)關系的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)任(ren)職，也不得自己(ji)生產與(yu)(yu)原(yuan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有(you)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)關系的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)類(lei)產品或經營(ying)同(tong)類(lei)業務(wu)。為了更好的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護用人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)利益，在與(yu)(yu)高級管理人員簽訂的(de)(de)(de)勞動(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)中根據(ju)實際情況添加競(jing)(jing)業限制(zhi)條款。