勞動合同有什么(me)用？勞動合同簽訂(ding)要注意什么(me)？

勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)是(shi)產生勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)律關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律事(shi)實，是(shi)建立勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)形式。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者同(tong)用(yong)人單(dan)位訂立勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，對于(yu)保(bao)障勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法(fa)權益，合(he)(he)理使用(yong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)，增強企業活(huo)力(li)，發揮勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)極性(xing)和創造(zao)性(xing)，提高勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)生產率(lv)，促(cu)進社會主(zhu)義現代化建設，都有重要的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)主(zhu)要表現在以下幾方(fang)面(mian)：

(1)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)重要保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者獲(huo)得職業的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利。它是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者生存的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利。我國憲法(fa)規(gui)定：“中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國公民有勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利和義務。”國家(jia)通過憲法(fa)和法(fa)律(lv)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)是(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)形式(shi)。它可以將國家(jia)規(gui)定的(de)(de)客觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)變為勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)(de)主觀勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者訂立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)，意味著(zhu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)實(shi)現，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者在合同(tong)期(qi)限內獲(huo)得有保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，用人(ren)單位不得無(wu)故解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)。國家(jia)通過促進經濟和社會發(fa)展，創造就業條件，擴大就業機會，保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者實(shi)現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權(quan)(quan)。

(2)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位合(he)理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)、鞏固(gu)(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律、提(ti)高(gao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)重要(yao)手段。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位可以(yi)根據生產(chan)經營(ying)或工作需要(yao)確定招收錄用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)時間(jian)、條件、方式和數量，并且通過(guo)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽訂不同(tong)類型、不同(tong)期(qi)限的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)，發揮(hui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)專長，做到人(ren)(ren)(ren)盡其(qi)(qi)才，合(he)理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)。用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位享有(you)依法(fa)訂立、變更(geng)、解除、終止勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)自(zi)主權，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)能進能出，可以(yi)促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，優(you)化勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)資源(yuan)配(pei)置。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)規定勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)必須遵(zun)守其(qi)(qi)所在單(dan)位內部(bu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規則和其(qi)(qi)他規章制度，有(you)利于鞏固(gu)(gu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)紀律。簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)之一是(shi)為了提(ti)高(gao)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率(lv)。只要(yao)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位認真(zhen)履行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)，就能調動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廣大勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)積極性，促(cu)進勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)生產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。

(3)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)是(shi)減少和防止發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)重要措施。在我國社會主義(yi)制度下，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者同(tong)(tong)用人單(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)根本利(li)益是(shi)一致的(de)(de)，但是(shi)由于種種原因也(ye)會產生(sheng)矛盾，發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)。簽訂勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，明確規定當事(shi)人雙方(fang)的(de)(de)權利(li)和義(yi)務(wu)，有助于提高雙方(fang)履行(xing)(xing)合同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)自覺性，促使他(ta)們正(zheng)確地行(xing)(xing)使權利(li)，嚴格(ge)地履行(xing)(xing)義(yi)務(wu)。這樣，就可(ke)以減少和防止發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)。

普通員工簽訂注意事項

一、勞動(dong)合同簽訂的時(shi)間

自用(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)一個(ge)月(yue)內(nei)訂(ding)立書面勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同即可。否則用(yong)人單位須向勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)支付雙倍工(gong)(gong)資。自用(yong)工(gong)(gong)之(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)超(chao)過(guo)一年(nian)未與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)簽訂(ding)書面勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同的，視為雙方已經形成無固定期限勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同。

二、勞動合同的期限

勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有三種：有固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、無固定(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)和以完成一定(ding)(ding)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。所以用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)與勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在簽訂(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)時要(yao)根據雙方的(de)需求來協商(shang)確定(ding)(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的(de)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。同(tong)(tong)時，如果有約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)是包含在勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內的(de)，若勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)僅約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)，試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不成立，該期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。并且以完成一定(ding)(ding)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不滿3個月的(de)，依照勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法規定(ding)(ding)該情(qing)形(xing)不得約(yue)定(ding)(ding)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)。

三、對非全日(ri)制用工要(yao)特別注意

1、非全日制勞(lao)動者在(zai)同(tong)一用(yong)人單位一般平均每日工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)不超過4小(xiao)時(shi)。每周工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)累計不超過24小(xiao)時(shi)。

2、非全日制用工(gong)不得(de)約(yue)定試用期。

3、非全日制用工(gong)小(xiao)時計酬標準不(bu)得低于最(zui)低小(xiao)時工(gong)資標準。

4、非(fei)全日(ri)制用工勞(lao)動(dong)報(bao)酬結算支付周(zhou)期最長不得超過15日(ri)。

5、用人(ren)單位(wei)必須為勞動者繳納工傷(shang)保險(xian)，否則發生工傷(shang)事故則要承擔相關責任。

高級管理人員簽訂注意事項

一、聘(pin)(pin)任和解(jie)聘(pin)(pin)的(de)問題

對于高級管(guan)理人員(yuan)的聘任(ren)(ren)和解聘不(bu)同于一般的勞動者，他主要是由(you)《公司(si)法》等(deng)法律專門規定的，如(ru)依照公司(si)法規定未經用人單位董事會的決議，用人單位是無(wu)權(quan)直接聘任(ren)(ren)或解聘高級管(guan)理人員(yuan)的。所以在(zai)簽訂勞動合同時(shi)要規定明確，以便和普通(tong)員(yuan)工(gong)的勞動合同區別開來。

二、加班費問題

對于高級管理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)來說，其(qi)工作性質是(shi)與普通勞動者不同的。在實務中(zhong)，經(jing)常(chang)會有公司的高級管理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)離職以(yi)后(hou)，向公司要(yao)求(qiu)給付加班費的問題(ti)，所以(yi)用人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位在簽訂勞動合同時應(ying)注意解決這個問題(ti)。

三、保密條款

由于高(gao)(gao)級管理(li)人員會接(jie)觸到(dao)用人單(dan)位(wei)的商業秘(mi)密(mi)(mi)，所(suo)以為了防止高(gao)(gao)級管理(li)人員將商業秘(mi)密(mi)(mi)泄露給他人損害用人單(dan)位(wei)的利益(yi)，就需要在勞動合同中增加保密(mi)(mi)條款(kuan)，并且對違(wei)反保密(mi)(mi)條款(kuan)時(shi)應承擔的責任做好約(yue)定。

四、競業限制條款

競(jing)(jing)業(ye)(ye)限制是用(yong)(yong)人單位對(dui)勞動者(zhe)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)工時或(huo)終止(zhi)、解除勞動合同(tong)后(hou)的(de)(de)一(yi)定期限內(nei)不得(de)經營同(tong)類(lei)業(ye)(ye)務或(huo)在(zai)與本單位有(you)競(jing)(jing)爭關系的(de)(de)其他用(yong)(yong)人單位任職，也不得(de)自己(ji)生產與原(yuan)單位有(you)競(jing)(jing)爭關系的(de)(de)同(tong)類(lei)產品或(huo)經營同(tong)類(lei)業(ye)(ye)務。為了更好的(de)(de)保護用(yong)(yong)人單位的(de)(de)利益，在(zai)與高級管理(li)人員簽訂的(de)(de)勞動合同(tong)中根據實際情(qing)況添(tian)加(jia)競(jing)(jing)業(ye)(ye)限制條款(kuan)。