體(ti)育(yu)廣(guang)義概念(亦稱體(ti)育(yu)運動)。是(shi)指(zhi)以身體(ti)練習為(wei)(wei)基(ji)本手段,以增強(qiang)人(ren)的(de)體(ti)質,促(cu)進人(ren)的(de)全面發展(zhan),豐富社會文(wen)化(hua)生活(huo)和(he)促(cu)進精神文(wen)明為(wei)(wei)目的(de)的(de)一(yi)種有意識(shi)、有組織的(de)社會活(huo)動。它(ta)是(shi)社會總文(wen)化(hua)的(de)一(yi)部分。
體育的狹義概念(亦稱體育教育)。是一(yi)個發(fa)展(zhan)身(shen)體,增強體質,傳授鍛煉身(shen)體的知識(shi)、技能(neng),培(pei)(pei)養道德和(he)意志品質的教育過程;是對人體進行(xing)培(pei)(pei)育和(he)塑造的過程;是培(pei)(pei)養全面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)的人的一(yi)個重要方(fang)面(mian)。
亦稱“競(jing)技體(ti)育”。指為了(le)戰勝對(dui)手,取(qu)得優異(yi)運(yun)(yun)動成(cheng)績,最大限(xian)度地發揮(hui)和提高個人、集體(ti)在體(ti)格、體(ti)能、心(xin)理(li)及運(yun)(yun)動能力等方面的潛(qian)力所(suo)進行的科(ke)學的、系統的訓練(lian)和競(jing)賽(sai)(sai)。含運(yun)(yun)動訓練(lian)和運(yun)(yun)動競(jing)賽(sai)(sai)兩種(zhong)形式(shi)。
特點是:
1)充分調(diao)動和發揮(hui)運動員的(de)體力(li)、智力(li)、心理(li)等方面的(de)潛力(li);
2)激烈的對抗性(xing)和競賽(sai)性(xing);
3)參加者有充沛的體力(li)和高超的技藝;
4)按照統一的規(gui)則競賽,具有國際性(xing),成績具有公認性(xing);
5)娛(yu)樂性。當(dang)今世界所開展(zhan)的競技運動項(xiang)目(mu)是社會歷史的產物。遠在公元前700多年的古希(xi)臘(la)時代,就出(chu)現了(le)賽跑、投擲、角力等(deng)項(xiang)目(mu),發展(zhan)至今已有數百種(zhong)之(zhi)多。普遍開展(zhan)的項(xiang)目(mu)有田徑(jing)、體(ti)操、籃球、排(pai)球、足球、乒(ping)乓球、羽毛(mao)球、舉重(zhong)、游泳、自(zi)行車等(deng)。各國、各地區還有自(zi)己特殊的民族(zu)傳統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu),如中華武術,東南亞地區的藤球、卡巴迪等(deng)。
是指在余(yu)暇(xia)時間或特(te)定(ding)時間所(suo)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種以娛悅(yue)身心為(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體育活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)。具有(you)業余(yu)性(xing)(xing)、消遣(qian)性(xing)(xing)、文娛性(xing)(xing)等特(te)點。內(nei)容一般有(you)球類游戲(xi)、活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)游戲(xi)、旅游、棋類以及傳統民族體育活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)等。按活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織方式(shi)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)個(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、家庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和集體的(de)(de)(de)(de);按活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)條件可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de);按競爭性(xing)(xing)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)競賽性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和非(fei)競賽性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de);按經(jing)營(ying)方式(shi)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)商業性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和非(fei)商業性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de);按參(can)加活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)觀賞性(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)和運(yun)動(dong)性(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)。開(kai)展娛樂性(xing)(xing)體育活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong),有(you)益于身心健(jian)康,陶冶情操,培養高尚品格。
亦稱“社會體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”、“群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。是為了娛樂(le)身心(xin),增強體質,防治疾病和培(pei)養體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)備人才,在社會上廣泛(fan)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)總稱。包括職(zhi)工體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、農(nong)民(min)體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、社區體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、老年人體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、婦女體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、傷殘人體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等。主要形式有(you)鍛煉小(xiao)組、運動(dong)隊、輔導(dao)站、體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之家(jia)、體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)中心(xin)、體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)俱樂(le)部(bu)、棋社,以及個(ge)人自(zi)(zi)由(you)體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鍛煉等。開(kai)展(zhan)群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)應遵循因人、因地(di)、因時制宜和業余、自(zi)(zi)愿(yuan)、小(xiao)型、多樣、文明等原則(ze)。廣泛(fan)開(kai)展(zhan)群(qun)眾(zhong)(zhong)性體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong),是發揮體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)社會功能,提高民(min)族(zu)素質和完成體育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)任(ren)務(wu)的(de)重要途徑。
指(zhi)運用(yong)體(ti)育手段治療(liao)某些疾病與創傷(shang),恢復和(he)改善機體(ti)功(gong)能的(de)一(yi)種醫療(liao)方法。一(yi)般不受時(shi)間、地點(dian)、設備條件的(de)限制。通常采(cai)用(yong)醫療(liao)體(ti)操、慢跑、散步、自行車、氣(qi)功(gong)、太極(ji)拳和(he)特制的(de)運動器械(如(ru)拉(la)力器、自動跑臺(tai)等),以(yi)及日光浴(yu)、空(kong)氣(qi)浴(yu)、水(shui)浴(yu)等為治療(liao)手段。宜因(yin)人而異、持之(zhi)以(yi)恒、循序漸(jian)進(jin),并配(pei)合(he)藥物或手術(shu)治療(liao)和(he)心理疏導。
體(ti)(ti)(ti)育活動是人(ren)類社(she)會(hui)的(de)一種(zhong)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)教育活動和(he)社(she)會(hui)文化活動。體(ti)(ti)(ti)育的(de)本質特點,是以身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)練習為手段,發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)身(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti),增(zeng)強體(ti)(ti)(ti)質,促進人(ren)的(de)全面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),為社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)服務。
體(ti)育運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)培養孩子們的能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)與(yu)習慣。運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)既是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種習慣,也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。從行為模式的角(jiao)度看,某些運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)還是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個人綜合(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的重要組成部分(fen)。比如會游(you)泳,在(zai)遇到突(tu)發事(shi)件落水(shui)時就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種救命(ming)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li);會騎自(zi)行車,在(zai)日(ri)常生(sheng)活中不但能(neng)(neng)(neng)鍛煉身體(ti),也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種很好的交通(tong)手段;由運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)練就的機敏靈活的反應、巧妙的雙手和強(qiang)健有力(li)(li)的臂膀,到了工作(zuo)崗位(wei)上就有可能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為許多勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或工作(zuo)的基礎性能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。
1、運動習慣(guan)和能力的培養,也要從娃(wa)娃(wa)抓(zhua)起。人的本能最少,幾乎所有的生存能力和行為習慣(guan)都要在(zai)后(hou)天特別(bie)是成長(chang)的初期養成;
2、父母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。首先在(zai)認(ren)識上(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)擺正(zheng)孩(hai)子智力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展與(yu)(yu)(yu)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi),即把(ba)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展放在(zai)第(di)一(yi)位。這(zhe)一(yi)條其實真正(zheng)做起來并不容易。當前社會的(de)(de)(de)大(da)氛圍就(jiu)是(shi)升學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)競爭,而競爭的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心是(shi)考核(he)智力(li)(li)。加上(shang)父母(mu)往往認(ren)為智力(li)(li)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)認(ren)真下(xia)工夫,身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)則只需要(yao)(yao)(yao)給(gei)足營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)然成(cheng)長就(jiu)行了(le)。于(yu)是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)孩(hai)子運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)習(xi)(xi)慣(guan)就(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)“盲區”。任何一(yi)個(ge)家長都知(zhi)道在(zai)孩(hai)子得病(bing)時要(yao)(yao)(yao)先治病(bing),那(nei)為什(shen)么在(zai)未(wei)得病(bing)時就(jiu)不能(neng)先注(zhu)重身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)健康和(he)(he)鍛(duan)煉(lian)呢?其次(ci)是(shi)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)力(li)(li)行堅持(chi)(chi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)到戶外活動(dong)(dong)(dong)。不要(yao)(yao)(yao)總把(ba)孩(hai)子憋(bie)在(zai)家里(li)學(xue)這(zhe)學(xue)那(nei),特別是(shi)在(zai)學(xue)齡前。相(xiang)反應該多(duo)(duo)(duo)帶(dai)孩(hai)子參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)戶外活動(dong)(dong)(dong)。逛(guang)公園(yuan)、郊游(you)、漫步(bu)、游(you)戲、玩(wan)滑(hua)板、騎童車等。這(zhe)樣可(ke)以(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)孩(hai)子從小愛動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)慣(guan),從而保持(chi)(chi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)性(xing)。第(di)三是(shi)把(ba)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)娛樂(le)相(xiang)結合(he)(he),在(zai)興趣(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)玩(wan)樂(le)中參(can)與(yu)(yu)(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。體(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)本身(shen)(shen)就(jiu)蘊(yun)藏著無窮(qiong)(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)趣(qu)(qu)。什(shen)么能(neng)引起樂(le)趣(qu)(qu)?變化(hua)、未(wei)知(zhi)、勝利、成(cheng)功、探索(suo)等,都能(neng)引起樂(le)趣(qu)(qu)。而這(zhe)些(xie)因(yin)(yin)素幾乎在(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中都能(neng)找到。即便有(you)些(xie)看似枯燥的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)項(xiang)目(mu),也可(ke)以(yi)開發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出興趣(qu)(qu),比如跑(pao)(pao)步(bu),我(wo)們都去跑(pao)(pao)步(bu),在(zai)跑(pao)(pao)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)過程中可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)成(cheng)績的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高刺激興趣(qu)(qu):比如昨天(tian)某某人跑(pao)(pao)1000米用(yong)時多(duo)(duo)(duo)少,今天(tian)提(ti)(ti)高了(le)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少;上(shang)學(xue)期肺活量是(shi)1000,這(zhe)次(ci)就(jiu)增加到1200……。第(di)四是(shi)把(ba)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)習(xi)(xi)慣(guan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)力(li)(li)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)習(xi)(xi)慣(guan)在(zai)于(yu)天(tian)天(tian)督促孩(hai)子做,日子長久了(le),慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)就(jiu)成(cheng)為習(xi)(xi)慣(guan);但(dan)能(neng)力(li)(li)卻包含著技巧,必須認(ren)真教和(he)(he)認(ren)真學(xue),還要(yao)(yao)(yao)反復(fu)練習(xi)(xi)。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)力(li)(li)本身(shen)(shen)還蘊(yun)藏著巨(ju)大(da)樂(le)趣(qu)(qu)。騎車、游(you)泳、滑(hua)冰(bing)、輪滑(hua)……從不會到會,其過程充滿探索(suo)和(he)(he)感悟,因(yin)(yin)此樂(le)趣(qu)(qu)無窮(qiong)(qiong);只有(you)將習(xi)(xi)慣(guan)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)力(li)(li)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)結合(he)(he),運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)才(cai)會展現無窮(qiong)(qiong)的(de)(de)(de)魅力(li)(li)和(he)(he)實用(yong)價值。
3、選(xuan)擇適當的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。從需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)角度看(kan),運(yun)動(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)三類:娛(yu)(yu)樂(le)性(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、必選(xuan)類項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、終(zhong)身(shen)(shen)(shen)性(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。對于學齡前的(de)(de)較小(xiao)孩子,娛(yu)(yu)樂(le)性(xing)(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)應(ying)多選(xuan),如各種(zhong)游戲(xi)、到動(dong)物園游玩(wan)、玩(wan)沙子、玩(wan)積木(mu)、戲(xi)水……。等孩子們長(chang)大了,就由他們自(zi)(zi)己選(xuan)擇感興(xing)趣的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu),而(er)大人可(ke)(ke)以幫助他們創造條(tiao)件(jian)。有(you)些運(yun)動(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)筆者認為是(shi)(shi)必選(xuan)的(de)(de):如游泳(yong)、騎自(zi)(zi)行車之類。因(yin)為這些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)不但是(shi)(shi)運(yun)動(dong),還是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)有(you)極(ji)大實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)能力。還有(you)哪些屬于必選(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)?各個家長(chang)可(ke)(ke)以有(you)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇。所謂(wei)終(zhong)身(shen)(shen)(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu),說的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)每天都(dou)要(yao)(yao)進行以至于可(ke)(ke)以堅(jian)持終(zhong)身(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。為什么(me)每個人都(dou)應(ying)該有(you)這樣的(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)?這是(shi)(shi)保證一個人每天必須活(huo)(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)所謂(wei)養成運(yun)動(dong)習慣的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)標志。哪些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可(ke)(ke)以作為終(zhong)身(shen)(shen)(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)呢?這種(zhong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)幾(ji)個特點:一是(shi)(shi)對場地(di)、器(qi)械要(yao)(yao)求不高;二是(shi)(shi)能夠活(huo)(huo)動(dong)全身(shen)(shen)(shen),有(you)相(xiang)當的(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)量;三是(shi)(shi)以自(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)為主。比如長(chang)跑、快(kuai)步走(zou)、體操、健(jian)身(shen)(shen)(shen)舞、武術、踢毽跳繩等。
4、無論(lun)是運動(dong)員(yuan)還是愛好(hao)運動(dong)者都可以給自己(ji)制定(ding)運動(dong)計(ji)劃(hua)、督(du)促檢(jian)查和創造條件。對待孩子的身體鍛煉(lian),家(jia)長至少要(yao)(yao)像向重(zhong)視(shi)其(qi)智力發(fa)展(zhan)一樣,甚至要(yao)(yao)更加重(zhong)視(shi)。其(qi)主要(yao)(yao)表現(xian)是:有一個關于孩子身體成(cheng)長和運動(dong)的計(ji)劃(hua),堅持經(jing)常(chang)性的督(du)促和檢(jian)查,在有時間的情況下我們要(yao)(yao)多(duo)鍛煉(lian)自己(ji)的身體。
跳傘(san)、動力傘(san)、牽引(yin)傘(san)、滑(hua)翔(滑(hua)翔傘(san)、滑(hua)翔機(ji)(ji)、懸掛滑(hua)翔)、熱氣球(qiu)、輕型(xing)飛機(ji)(ji);游(you)泳(yong)(蹼(pu)泳(yong))、帆(fan)船(帆(fan)板)、漂流、沖浪、潛水、飛艇(ting)(ting)、運動游(you)艇(ting)(ting)、摩(mo)托(tuo)艇(ting)(ting);登山、攀巖、蹦極、探險、汽車、摩(mo)托(tuo)車;射箭(jian)、射擊、弓弩
羽毛球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手(shou)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍(gun)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘(lei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)(han)軟(ruan)式網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)(han)沙(sha)灘排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、地(di)擲(zhi)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壁(bi)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保(bao)齡球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、沙(sha)壺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄(gan)欖球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu);體(ti)操(含(han)(han)(han)藝術體(ti)操)、蹦床、技(ji)巧、健(jian)(jian)美(mei)、健(jian)(jian)美(mei)操、體(ti)育舞蹈(dao)(dao)、木(mu)蘭(lan)拳(含(han)(han)(han)木(mu)蘭(lan)劍、木(mu)蘭(lan)扇等(deng))、舍賓(bin)運(yun)動、運(yun)動保(bao)健(jian)(jian)按摩(mo);花樣滑(hua)(hua)冰(bing)、冰(bing)上舞蹈(dao)(dao)、冰(bing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、速度滑(hua)(hua)冰(bing)、滑(hua)(hua)雪(xue);田徑、越野賽(sai)、滑(hua)(hua)板、輪(lun)滑(hua)(hua)、自行車(che)(含(han)(han)(han)山地(di)車(che)、獨(du)輪(lun)車(che)等(deng))、滑(hua)(hua)水、塞艇、皮滑(hua)(hua)艇、救生(含(han)(han)(han)水上救生);賽(sai)馬、舉重、擊劍、拳擊、柔道、摔跤、武術(含(han)(han)(han)散(san)打)、跆(tai)拳道、空(kong)手(shou)道、健(jian)(jian)身氣功(gong);國(guo)際象(xiang)棋、中國(guo)象(xiang)棋、圍棋、橋牌;釣(diao)魚、信鴿、舞龍、舞獅(shi)、龍舟、風箏、拔河;飛鏢、秋千、斗雞、斗牛;航海模型(xing)、航空(kong)模型(xing)、車(che)輛模型(xing)、航天(tian)模型(xing)、無(wu)線電、定向(xiang)運(yun)動。
射(she)箭(jian)、拳擊(ji)、擊(ji)劍、皮(pi)滑(hua)(hua)艇、蹦(beng)床、柔道、賽艇、游泳(蹼泳)、救(jiu)生(含水上救(jiu)生)、射(she)擊(ji)、摔跤、帆(fan)船(帆(fan)板)、跳(tiao)傘、動力傘、牽引傘、滑(hua)(hua)翔(xiang)(滑(hua)(hua)翔(xiang)傘、滑(hua)(hua)翔(xiang)機(ji)、懸掛(gua)滑(hua)(hua)翔(xiang))、熱氣(qi)球、登山、攀巖、蹦(beng)極、探(tan)險、汽車、摩托車、摩托艇、弓弩、滑(hua)(hua)水、武術(含散(san)打)、跆拳道、健美(mei)、健美(mei)操(cao)、體育舞蹈、漂(piao)流(liu)、沖(chong)浪(lang)、潛水、飛艇、輕型飛機(ji)、運動游艇、空手道、舍賓運動、賽馬、探(tan)險、高爾(er)夫球。
足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、羽毛(mao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、軟式網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄欖球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫(fu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、馬球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、水球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保齡(ling)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門(men)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤(teng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、冰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、地擲球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、板球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。
健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou):健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou)是一項以促進(jin)身心健(jian)(jian)康為(wei)目的、講究姿勢、速(su)度和時(shi)(shi)間的一項步(bu)行運(yun)(yun)動,它行走(zou)(zou)的速(su)度和運(yun)(yun)動量(liang)介于散步(bu)和競走(zou)(zou)之(zhi)間。突出的特點是方(fang)法易于掌握,不(bu)易發生運(yun)(yun)動傷(shang)害;不(bu)受年齡、時(shi)(shi)間和場地的限制,不(bu)同年齡人群(qun)可根據自(zi)己的時(shi)(shi)間隨時(shi)(shi)隨地進(jin)行鍛煉;運(yun)(yun)動裝備簡單,只(zhi)需一雙舒(shu)適(shi)合腳的運(yun)(yun)動鞋(xie);在良好自(zi)然環境中結伴健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou),不(bu)僅鍛煉了身體,還能(neng)欣賞自(zi)然美景,促進(jin)人際交流,陶(tao)冶身心。
悠悠球、轉轉筆、火機蝴蝶刀舞蹈、電子(zi)競技。
acrobatic gymnastics---技(ji)巧運動(dong)
athletics/track & field---田徑
beach---海灘
boat race---賽艇
bobsleigh, bobsled---雪橇
boxing---拳擊(ji)
canoe slalom---激流劃船
chess---象棋(qi)
cricket---板球
cycling---自行車
diving---跳(tiao)水
downhill race---速降滑(hua)雪賽,滑(hua)降
dragon-boat racing---賽龍船
dressage---盛裝舞(wu)步(bu)
equestrian---騎(qi)馬
fencing---擊劍
figure skating---花樣滑冰
football(英語)/soccer(美語)---足球
freestyle----自由式
gliding; sailplaning---滑翔運動
golf----高爾夫球
Greece-Roman wrestling----古典式摔跤
gymnastic apparatus----體操器械
gymnastics----體操(cao)
handball-----手球
hockey----曲(qu)棍球
hold, lock-----揪鈕
horizontal bar-----單杠
hurdles; hurdle race----跨欄比(bi)賽
shuttlecock kicking---踢毽子(zi)
ice skating---滑冰
item Archery---箭(jian)術
judo---柔道(dao)
jumping----障礙
kayak----皮劃艇
mat exercises---墊上運(yun)動
modern pentathlon---現代五項運動
mountain bike---山地車
parallel bars---雙(shuang)杠
polo---馬球
relative work---造型跳傘
relay race; relay---接力
rings----吊環(huan)
roller skating----滑滑旱冰
rowing-----劃(hua)船
rugby---橄欖球
sailing--帆船(chuan)
shooting---射擊
side horse, pommelled horse---鞍馬
ski jump---跳高滑雪
ski jumping competition---跳(tiao)高滑雪比賽
skiing---滑雪
slalom---障礙滑雪(xue)
softball---壘球
surfing---沖浪
swimming----游泳
table tennis---乒(ping)乓球(qiu)
taekwondo---跆拳道
tennis----網(wang)球
toxophily---射(she)箭
trampoline---蹦床
trapeze---秋千
triathlon---鐵人(ren)三項(xiang)
tug-of-war---拔(ba)河
volleyball---排(pai)球
badminton---羽毛球
baseball---棒球
basketball---籃球
walking; walking race---競走(zou)
wall bars---肋木
water polo----水球
weightlifting ---舉重
winter sports -----冬季運(yun)動
wrestling ---摔跤
yacht ---游(you)艇
vault--跳馬(ma)
Men's 10m Platform --- 男子10米跳臺
Women's Taekwondo Over 67kg --- 女子67公斤級(ji)以上跆拳道
Women's Athletics 20km Walk --- 女(nv)子(zi)20公里競走
Men's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard --- 男子3米跳(tiao)板
Women's Diving 3m Springboard --- 女(nv)子3米跳板
Women's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform --- 女(nv)子(zi)10米跳臺(tai)
Men's Wrestling Greco-Roman 58kg --- 男子(zi)58公斤(jin)古(gu)典摔(shuai)交(jiao)
Men's Diving 3m Springboard --- 男子3米跳板
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Parallel Bars ------ 競技體操男子雙杠
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Beam ------ 競(jing)技體(ti)操女子自由體(ti)操
Men's Table Tennis Singles ------ 男子乒乓(pang)單(dan)打
Women's Diving 10m Platform ------ 女(nv)子10米跳臺(tai)
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Uneven Bars ------- 競(jing)技體(ti)操女子跳馬
Women's Table Tennis Singles ------- 女子乒(ping)乓單打
Men's Badminton Singles ------ 男子羽毛球單打
Women's Badminton Doubles ------- 女子羽毛球雙打
Men's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform ------- 跳(tiao)水(shui)男子(zi)10米(mi)跳(tiao)臺
Women's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard -------- 跳(tiao)水女(nv)子3米(mi)跳(tiao)板
Men's Table Tennis Doubles -------- 男(nan)子乒(ping)乓球雙打
Women's Badminton Singles --------- 女子羽毛球(qiu)單打
Men's Fencing Team Foil -------- 擊(ji)劍男子(zi)團體(ti)花劍
Women's Judo Heavyweight +78kg ------- 柔道(dao)女子重量級78公斤
Men's Shooting 10m Running Target -------- 射擊男子(zi)10米移(yi)動靶
Women's Shooting 25m Pistol -------- 射(she)擊女(nv)子25米運動(dong)手(shou)槍
Women's Table Tennis Doubles --------- 女子乒乓球雙打(da)
Men's Weightlifting 77kg --------- 舉重(zhong)男(nan)子77公斤級抓舉
Women's Weightlifting 75+ kg ---------- 舉重女子75公斤以上級抓舉
Mixed Badminton Doubles --------- 羽毛(mao)球男子雙打
Women's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals --------- 競技體操女子個人全能決賽
Women's Judo Half-Heavywt 78kg ---------- 女子次重量級(ji)78公斤級(ji)柔道
Men's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals ---------- 競(jing)技體操男子(zi)個(ge)人全能(neng)
Women's Fencing Team Epee ----------- 擊劍女(nv)子(zi)團體重劍
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals ---------- 競(jing)技體(ti)(ti)操(cao)女子團體(ti)(ti)
Women's Judo Half-Middlewt 63kg --------- 女子次(ci)中量級63公(gong)斤級柔道(dao)
Women's Weightlifting 63kg --------- 女子63公斤級挺舉舉重
Women's Weightlifting 69kg --------- 女子69公斤級抓舉(ju)(ju)舉(ju)(ju)重
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals --------- 男(nan)子團體競技體操(cao)
Men's Shooting 10m Air Rifle --------- 射擊男子(zi)10米氣步槍
Women's Shooting Trap --------- 射(she)擊女子(zi)多向飛(fei)碟(die)
Women's Weightlifting 53kg --------- 舉(ju)重女子53公斤級抓舉(ju)
Women's Judo Half-Lightwt 52kg --------- 女子次輕(qing)量級52公斤柔道
Women's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 女(nv)子10米汽槍
Women's Cycling Track 500m Time Trial -------- 運(yun)動場自行車(che)賽(sai)女子500米計時賽(sai)
Men's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 男(nan)子10米氣手槍(qiang)
Women's Shooting 10m Air Rifle ---------- 女子10米氣步槍
Men's Weightlifting 56kg ---------- 男子56公斤級挺舉(ju)