體(ti)育(yu)廣義概念(亦稱體(ti)育(yu)運動)。是指(zhi)以身體(ti)練習為基本手段,以增強人的體(ti)質,促(cu)進人的全面發展,豐富社(she)會(hui)文化生活和促(cu)進精神文明為目的的一種(zhong)有(you)意(yi)識、有(you)組織(zhi)的社(she)會(hui)活動。它是社(she)會(hui)總文化的一部分。
體育的狹義概念(亦稱體育教育)。是一個發展(zhan)(zhan)身體,增強體質,傳授鍛煉身體的(de)知識、技(ji)能,培養道德和意志品質的(de)教(jiao)育過程;是對人(ren)體進(jin)行培育和塑造的(de)過程;是培養全(quan)面(mian)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)人(ren)的(de)一個重要方面(mian)。
亦稱“競技體(ti)(ti)育”。指為了戰勝對手(shou),取得優異運(yun)(yun)動成績,最(zui)大限度地發揮和提高個人、集體(ti)(ti)在體(ti)(ti)格、體(ti)(ti)能(neng)、心理及運(yun)(yun)動能(neng)力等方面的潛力所進行的科學(xue)的、系統的訓練和競賽。含運(yun)(yun)動訓練和運(yun)(yun)動競賽兩種形式(shi)。
特點是:
1)充分調動(dong)和發(fa)揮運(yun)動(dong)員的體力、智力、心理等(deng)方面的潛力;
2)激烈的對抗(kang)性和競賽性;
3)參加者有充沛的(de)體力和高超(chao)的(de)技藝;
4)按照統一的規則競賽,具(ju)(ju)有(you)國際性,成(cheng)績具(ju)(ju)有(you)公認性;
5)娛樂性。當今世界(jie)所開展的(de)競(jing)技運動項(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)社(she)會歷(li)史的(de)產物。遠(yuan)在(zai)公元前700多(duo)年的(de)古希臘時代,就出現(xian)了賽跑、投擲(zhi)、角力等項(xiang)目(mu),發展至今已(yi)有數百種之多(duo)。普遍(bian)開展的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)有田徑(jing)、體操、籃球、排球、足球、乒乓(pang)球、羽毛球、舉重、游泳、自行(xing)車等。各(ge)國、各(ge)地(di)區還(huan)有自己特殊的(de)民(min)族傳統項(xiang)目(mu),如中(zhong)華(hua)武術,東南亞(ya)地(di)區的(de)藤球、卡巴迪等。
是指在余(yu)暇時間或特定時間所進行的一種以娛悅身(shen)心為(wei)目的的體育活(huo)動(dong)(dong)。具有(you)業余(yu)性(xing)(xing)、消遣性(xing)(xing)、文娛性(xing)(xing)等特點。內容一般(ban)有(you)球類游戲、活(huo)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)游戲、旅(lv)游、棋類以及傳統民族體育活(huo)動(dong)(dong)等。按(an)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的組織方式可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)個人的、家庭的和(he)(he)(he)集體的;按(an)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)條件可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)室內的、室外的;按(an)競爭(zheng)性(xing)(xing)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)競賽(sai)性(xing)(xing)的和(he)(he)(he)非競賽(sai)性(xing)(xing)的;按(an)經營方式可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)商(shang)業性(xing)(xing)的和(he)(he)(he)非商(shang)業性(xing)(xing)的;按(an)參加活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的方式可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)觀賞性(xing)(xing)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)。開展娛樂(le)性(xing)(xing)體育活(huo)動(dong)(dong),有(you)益于身(shen)心健康,陶冶情操,培養(yang)高(gao)尚品格。
亦稱(cheng)“社(she)會(hui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”、“群眾體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。是(shi)為(wei)了(le)娛(yu)樂身(shen)心,增強體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)質(zhi),防治疾病和培養體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后備人才,在社(she)會(hui)上廣(guang)泛開(kai)展(zhan)的體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活動的總稱(cheng)。包括(kuo)職(zhi)工體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、農民體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、社(she)區體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、老(lao)年(nian)人體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、婦(fu)女體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、傷殘人體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等。主要(yao)形式有鍛煉小組(zu)、運(yun)動隊、輔導(dao)站、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之家(jia)、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活動中(zhong)心、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)俱樂部、棋(qi)社(she),以及個人自由體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鍛煉等。開(kai)展(zhan)群眾體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活動應遵循因人、因地、因時制宜(yi)和業(ye)余、自愿、小型(xing)、多樣、文明等原則。廣(guang)泛開(kai)展(zhan)群眾性體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)活動,是(shi)發揮(hui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的社(she)會(hui)功能,提高民族素(su)質(zhi)和完成(cheng)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)任務的重要(yao)途徑。
指運用體育手(shou)段治療(liao)(liao)某些疾(ji)病與創傷,恢復(fu)和改善機體功能(neng)的一種(zhong)醫療(liao)(liao)方法。一般(ban)不受時(shi)間、地(di)點、設(she)備條(tiao)件的限制。通常采用醫療(liao)(liao)體操、慢跑、散(san)步、自(zi)行車、氣功、太極拳和特制的運動(dong)器械(如拉力器、自(zi)動(dong)跑臺(tai)等),以(yi)及日光浴、空氣浴、水浴等為治療(liao)(liao)手(shou)段。宜因人(ren)而異、持之(zhi)以(yi)恒、循(xun)序(xu)漸進,并配(pei)合(he)藥物或手(shou)術治療(liao)(liao)和心理疏導。
體(ti)(ti)育活(huo)(huo)動(dong)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類社會的(de)(de)一種身(shen)體(ti)(ti)教育活(huo)(huo)動(dong)和(he)社會文化活(huo)(huo)動(dong)。體(ti)(ti)育的(de)(de)本質(zhi)(zhi)特點,是(shi)以身(shen)體(ti)(ti)練習為手段,發展(zhan)身(shen)體(ti)(ti),增強體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)(zhi),促進人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)全面發展(zhan),為社會發展(zhan)服務(wu)。
體育運動是(shi)培(pei)養孩(hai)子們的(de)能(neng)力與習慣(guan)。運動既是(shi)一(yi)種習慣(guan),也是(shi)一(yi)種能(neng)力。從行為模(mo)式的(de)角度看(kan),某些(xie)運動能(neng)力還(huan)是(shi)一(yi)個人(ren)綜合能(neng)力的(de)重要組(zu)成部分(fen)。比如(ru)會游泳,在(zai)遇到突發(fa)事件落水時就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)種救(jiu)命的(de)能(neng)力;會騎自行車(che),在(zai)日常生活中(zhong)不但(dan)能(neng)鍛(duan)煉(lian)身(shen)體,也是(shi)一(yi)種很好的(de)交通(tong)手段;由運動練(lian)就(jiu)的(de)機敏靈活的(de)反應、巧妙的(de)雙(shuang)手和強健有力的(de)臂膀,到了工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)崗位上就(jiu)有可能(neng)轉化為許(xu)多勞(lao)動或工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)基礎性能(neng)力。
1、運(yun)動習慣(guan)和(he)(he)能力(li)(li)的(de)(de)培養(yang),也要從娃(wa)娃(wa)抓起(qi)。人的(de)(de)本(ben)能最(zui)少,幾乎(hu)所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)生存能力(li)(li)和(he)(he)行為(wei)習慣(guan)都要在后天(tian)特別(bie)是(shi)成長(chang)的(de)(de)初(chu)期養(yang)成;
2、父(fu)母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。首先在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)認(ren)(ren)識上(shang)要(yao)擺正(zheng)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)智力(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展與身(shen)體(ti)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系,即(ji)把(ba)身(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第一位。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一條(tiao)其實(shi)真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)做起來并不(bu)容易。當前社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)大氛圍就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)升(sheng)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭(zheng),而(er)(er)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)是(shi)考(kao)核智力(li)(li)(li)。加(jia)上(shang)父(fu)母(mu)往往認(ren)(ren)為智力(li)(li)(li)需要(yao)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)下工夫,身(shen)體(ti)則只需要(yao)給足(zu)營養(yang)(yang)(yang)自然成(cheng)長就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)了(le)。于是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)習(xi)慣(guan)(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)“盲區”。任何一個家長都(dou)知(zhi)道在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)得病時要(yao)先治病,那為什么在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未得病時就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)能先注重(zhong)身(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)和(he)鍛煉呢?其次是(shi)身(shen)體(ti)力(li)(li)(li)行(xing)堅持多(duo)到(dao)戶(hu)外活動(dong)(dong)(dong)。不(bu)要(yao)總(zong)把(ba)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)憋在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家里學(xue)(xue)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)學(xue)(xue)那,特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)學(xue)(xue)齡前。相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)應該多(duo)帶孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)參與戶(hu)外活動(dong)(dong)(dong)。逛公園、郊游(you)(you)、漫(man)步(bu)、游(you)(you)戲、玩滑板、騎童車等。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣可(ke)以養(yang)(yang)(yang)成(cheng)孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)從小愛動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan)(guan),從而(er)(er)保持運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)性。第三(san)是(shi)把(ba)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與娛樂(le)(le)(le)相(xiang)(xiang)結合,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)興(xing)趣(qu)和(he)玩樂(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)參與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。體(ti)育運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)本(ben)身(shen)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)無窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)趣(qu)。什么能引起樂(le)(le)(le)趣(qu)?變化、未知(zhi)、勝利、成(cheng)功(gong)、探(tan)索(suo)等,都(dou)能引起樂(le)(le)(le)趣(qu)。而(er)(er)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)因素(su)幾乎在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)育運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)都(dou)能找(zhao)到(dao)。即(ji)便有(you)些(xie)看(kan)似枯燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)育項(xiang)目,也可(ke)以開發(fa)出興(xing)趣(qu),比如(ru)跑(pao)步(bu),我(wo)們都(dou)去跑(pao)步(bu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)跑(pao)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)績的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)高刺激興(xing)趣(qu):比如(ru)昨天(tian)某某人跑(pao)1000米用(yong)(yong)時多(duo)少,今天(tian)提(ti)高了(le)多(duo)少;上(shang)學(xue)(xue)期肺(fei)活量是(shi)1000,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)次就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)增加(jia)到(dao)1200……。第四是(shi)把(ba)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)習(xi)慣(guan)(guan)與能力(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)(xiang)結合。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)習(xi)慣(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于天(tian)天(tian)督促孩(hai)子(zi)(zi)做,日子(zi)(zi)長久了(le),慢慢就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)為習(xi)慣(guan)(guan);但能力(li)(li)(li)卻包含(han)著(zhu)技(ji)巧,必須認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)教(jiao)和(he)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)學(xue)(xue),還要(yao)反(fan)復練習(xi)。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)能力(li)(li)(li)本(ben)身(shen)還蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)巨大樂(le)(le)(le)趣(qu)。騎車、游(you)(you)泳、滑冰、輪滑……從不(bu)會到(dao)會,其過程(cheng)充滿探(tan)索(suo)和(he)感悟,因此樂(le)(le)(le)趣(qu)無窮;只有(you)將(jiang)習(xi)慣(guan)(guan)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)與能力(li)(li)(li)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)結合,運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)才(cai)會展現無窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力(li)(li)(li)和(he)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)。
3、選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)適當的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。從需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)角度(du)看,運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)三類:娛樂性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、必選(xuan)(xuan)類項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、終身(shen)(shen)性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。對于(yu)學齡(ling)前的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)小孩(hai)子(zi),娛樂性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)應(ying)多選(xuan)(xuan),如(ru)各種游(you)戲、到動(dong)(dong)物園(yuan)游(you)玩(wan)、玩(wan)沙子(zi)、玩(wan)積(ji)木、戲水(shui)……。等(deng)孩(hai)子(zi)們(men)長大了,就由他們(men)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)感興趣的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),而大人(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)以幫助他們(men)創(chuang)造條件。有(you)些運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)筆者認為是(shi)(shi)必選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)(de)(de):如(ru)游(you)泳、騎自(zi)(zi)(zi)行車之類。因為這(zhe)些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)但是(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong),還是(shi)(shi)一種有(you)極(ji)大實用性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力。還有(you)哪些屬于(yu)必選(xuan)(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)?各個(ge)家長可(ke)(ke)以有(you)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。所謂終身(shen)(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),說的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)每天都(dou)要(yao)進行以至(zhi)于(yu)可(ke)(ke)以堅(jian)持終身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。為什(shen)么(me)每個(ge)人(ren)(ren)都(dou)應(ying)該有(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)?這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)保證一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)每天必須活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)條件,也是(shi)(shi)所謂養(yang)成運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)習慣的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志。哪些項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可(ke)(ke)以作為終身(shen)(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)呢?這(zhe)種項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)有(you)幾個(ge)特點:一是(shi)(shi)對場地、器械要(yao)求不(bu)高;二是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)夠活(huo)動(dong)(dong)全身(shen)(shen),有(you)相當的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)量;三是(shi)(shi)以自(zi)(zi)(zi)身(shen)(shen)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)為主。比如(ru)長跑、快步(bu)走(zou)、體操、健身(shen)(shen)舞、武術、踢毽跳繩等(deng)。
4、無論是運動(dong)員還是愛(ai)好運動(dong)者都可以給自己(ji)制定運動(dong)計劃、督(du)促檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)和創造條件(jian)。對(dui)待孩(hai)子的身體(ti)鍛煉(lian),家長至(zhi)少要像向重視其(qi)智力發(fa)展一樣,甚(shen)至(zhi)要更加重視。其(qi)主要表現是:有一個關(guan)于孩(hai)子身體(ti)成長和運動(dong)的計劃,堅(jian)持(chi)經常(chang)性的督(du)促和檢(jian)查(cha)(cha),在(zai)有時間的情(qing)況下我們要多鍛煉(lian)自己(ji)的身體(ti)。
跳傘(san)、動(dong)力傘(san)、牽引傘(san)、滑(hua)翔(滑(hua)翔傘(san)、滑(hua)翔機(ji)、懸掛滑(hua)翔)、熱氣球、輕型飛機(ji);游(you)泳(蹼泳)、帆船(chuan)(帆板)、漂(piao)流、沖浪、潛水、飛艇、運動(dong)游(you)艇、摩托艇;登山、攀巖、蹦極、探(tan)險、汽(qi)車(che)、摩托車(che);射(she)箭、射(she)擊、弓弩
羽毛球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)軟式網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)沙灘排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、地擲球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤(teng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壁球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺(tai)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保(bao)齡球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、沙壺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄欖球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu);體操(含(han)(han)藝術體操)、蹦(beng)床、技巧、健(jian)美(mei)、健(jian)美(mei)操、體育舞蹈、木蘭拳(quan)(含(han)(han)木蘭劍、木蘭扇等(deng))、舍賓運動(dong)、運動(dong)保(bao)健(jian)按摩;花樣滑冰、冰上舞蹈、冰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、速度滑冰、滑雪;田(tian)徑(jing)、越野賽(sai)、滑板、輪滑、自(zi)行車(含(han)(han)山地車、獨輪車等(deng))、滑水(shui)、塞艇(ting)、皮滑艇(ting)、救生(sheng)(含(han)(han)水(shui)上救生(sheng));賽(sai)馬、舉重(zhong)、擊劍、拳(quan)擊、柔道、摔跤、武術(含(han)(han)散打(da))、跆拳(quan)道、空(kong)手道、健(jian)身(shen)氣功;國際象棋(qi)、中國象棋(qi)、圍(wei)棋(qi)、橋牌;釣魚、信鴿、舞龍、舞獅(shi)、龍舟、風箏、拔河;飛鏢、秋千、斗(dou)雞、斗(dou)牛;航(hang)海模(mo)(mo)型(xing)、航(hang)空(kong)模(mo)(mo)型(xing)、車輛模(mo)(mo)型(xing)、航(hang)天模(mo)(mo)型(xing)、無線電、定向運動(dong)。
射(she)箭、拳擊(ji)、擊(ji)劍、皮滑艇(ting)、蹦(beng)(beng)床、柔道、賽艇(ting)、游泳(蹼泳)、救(jiu)(jiu)生(含水(shui)上救(jiu)(jiu)生)、射(she)擊(ji)、摔(shuai)跤、帆船(帆板)、跳傘、動(dong)力傘、牽引傘、滑翔(滑翔傘、滑翔機、懸(xuan)掛(gua)滑翔)、熱(re)氣(qi)球、登山、攀巖、蹦(beng)(beng)極、探險、汽車、摩托車、摩托艇(ting)、弓弩、滑水(shui)、武術(含散打)、跆拳道、健美、健美操、體育舞蹈、漂流、沖浪、潛水(shui)、飛艇(ting)、輕型飛機、運(yun)動(dong)游艇(ting)、空手道、舍(she)賓(bin)運(yun)動(dong)、賽馬、探險、高爾(er)夫(fu)球。
足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、羽毛球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒(ping)乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網(wang)(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、軟式網(wang)(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄欖(lan)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、馬(ma)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手(shou)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、水球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保齡球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、冰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、地擲球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、板球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。
健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou):健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)是一項以促(cu)進(jin)身心(xin)健(jian)(jian)康為目的(de)、講究(jiu)姿勢、速(su)度和(he)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)一項步(bu)行運(yun)動(dong)(dong),它行走(zou)的(de)速(su)度和(he)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)量介于散步(bu)和(he)競走(zou)之(zhi)間。突出的(de)特點是方法易于掌(zhang)握,不(bu)(bu)易發生運(yun)動(dong)(dong)傷害;不(bu)(bu)受年(nian)齡、時(shi)(shi)間和(he)場地的(de)限制,不(bu)(bu)同年(nian)齡人群可根(gen)據自己的(de)時(shi)(shi)間隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地進(jin)行鍛(duan)煉(lian);運(yun)動(dong)(dong)裝備簡單,只需一雙舒適合腳的(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)鞋;在良好自然環境中結伴健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou),不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)鍛(duan)煉(lian)了(le)身體(ti),還(huan)能欣賞(shang)自然美(mei)景,促(cu)進(jin)人際交流,陶冶身心(xin)。
悠悠球、轉轉筆(bi)、火機蝴(hu)蝶刀舞蹈、電子競技。
acrobatic gymnastics---技巧運動
athletics/track & field---田徑
beach---海(hai)灘
boat race---賽艇
bobsleigh, bobsled---雪橇
boxing---拳擊
canoe slalom---激流(liu)劃(hua)船
chess---象棋
cricket---板(ban)球(qiu)
cycling---自行車
diving---跳水
downhill race---速降(jiang)滑雪賽,滑降(jiang)
dragon-boat racing---賽龍(long)船
dressage---盛裝(zhuang)舞(wu)步
equestrian---騎馬(ma)
fencing---擊劍
figure skating---花樣滑冰
football(英語)/soccer(美語)---足(zu)球
freestyle----自由式(shi)
gliding; sailplaning---滑翔運(yun)動
golf----高爾夫球
Greece-Roman wrestling----古(gu)典式摔跤
gymnastic apparatus----體操器械
gymnastics----體操
handball-----手球
hockey----曲棍球
hold, lock-----揪鈕
horizontal bar-----單杠
hurdles; hurdle race----跨(kua)欄(lan)比賽
shuttlecock kicking---踢毽子
ice skating---滑(hua)冰(bing)
item Archery---箭(jian)術
judo---柔道
jumping----障礙
kayak----皮劃艇
mat exercises---墊上運(yun)動
modern pentathlon---現代五項運(yun)動
mountain bike---山(shan)地(di)車
parallel bars---雙杠
polo---馬球
relative work---造(zao)型跳傘
relay race; relay---接力(li)
rings----吊環
roller skating----滑(hua)滑(hua)旱冰
rowing-----劃(hua)船
rugby---橄欖(lan)球
sailing--帆船
shooting---射擊(ji)
side horse, pommelled horse---鞍馬(ma)
ski jump---跳高滑(hua)雪
ski jumping competition---跳(tiao)高(gao)滑雪比(bi)賽
skiing---滑(hua)雪
slalom---障礙滑雪
softball---壘球
surfing---沖(chong)浪
swimming----游(you)泳
table tennis---乒乓(pang)球(qiu)
taekwondo---跆拳道
tennis----網球
toxophily---射箭
trampoline---蹦床
trapeze---秋千
triathlon---鐵人三項
tug-of-war---拔河
volleyball---排球
badminton---羽毛(mao)球(qiu)
baseball---棒球
basketball---籃(lan)球
walking; walking race---競(jing)走(zou)
wall bars---肋木
water polo----水(shui)球
weightlifting ---舉(ju)重(zhong)
winter sports -----冬季(ji)運動(dong)
wrestling ---摔跤
yacht ---游艇
vault--跳馬
Men's 10m Platform --- 男子10米跳臺
Women's Taekwondo Over 67kg --- 女子67公斤級以上跆拳道(dao)
Women's Athletics 20km Walk --- 女子20公里競走
Men's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard --- 男(nan)子3米跳板
Women's Diving 3m Springboard --- 女子3米跳(tiao)板(ban)
Women's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform --- 女子10米跳臺
Men's Wrestling Greco-Roman 58kg --- 男(nan)子58公斤古典(dian)摔交
Men's Diving 3m Springboard --- 男(nan)子3米跳板
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Parallel Bars ------ 競技體操男(nan)子(zi)雙(shuang)杠
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Beam ------ 競技體操(cao)女子自由(you)體操(cao)
Men's Table Tennis Singles ------ 男子乒乓單打
Women's Diving 10m Platform ------ 女子10米跳臺
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Uneven Bars ------- 競技體操女子跳馬
Women's Table Tennis Singles ------- 女子(zi)乒乓單(dan)打
Men's Badminton Singles ------ 男子羽毛球單打
Women's Badminton Doubles ------- 女子羽毛球(qiu)雙打
Men's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform ------- 跳水(shui)男子10米跳臺
Women's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard -------- 跳水女子3米跳板(ban)
Men's Table Tennis Doubles -------- 男子乒乓球雙(shuang)打
Women's Badminton Singles --------- 女子羽毛球(qiu)單(dan)打
Men's Fencing Team Foil -------- 擊劍男子團體花(hua)劍
Women's Judo Heavyweight +78kg ------- 柔道女子重量級78公斤(jin)
Men's Shooting 10m Running Target -------- 射擊男子10米移動靶(ba)
Women's Shooting 25m Pistol -------- 射擊女子25米運動手槍
Women's Table Tennis Doubles --------- 女子乒乓球(qiu)雙打(da)
Men's Weightlifting 77kg --------- 舉重(zhong)男子(zi)77公斤級抓舉
Women's Weightlifting 75+ kg ---------- 舉重女子75公斤以(yi)上級抓(zhua)舉
Mixed Badminton Doubles --------- 羽毛(mao)球男子雙打
Women's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals --------- 競(jing)技體(ti)操女子個人全能決(jue)賽
Women's Judo Half-Heavywt 78kg ---------- 女子(zi)次重量(liang)級(ji)78公(gong)斤級(ji)柔道
Men's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals ---------- 競(jing)技體操男子個人全能
Women's Fencing Team Epee ----------- 擊劍(jian)女(nv)子團體重(zhong)劍(jian)
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals ---------- 競技(ji)體(ti)操女(nv)子團體(ti)
Women's Judo Half-Middlewt 63kg --------- 女子(zi)次中量(liang)級63公(gong)斤級柔道
Women's Weightlifting 63kg --------- 女子63公斤級挺舉舉重
Women's Weightlifting 69kg --------- 女(nv)子69公(gong)斤(jin)級抓舉舉重
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals --------- 男子團體(ti)競技體(ti)操
Men's Shooting 10m Air Rifle --------- 射擊男子10米氣步(bu)槍
Women's Shooting Trap --------- 射擊女子多向(xiang)飛碟
Women's Weightlifting 53kg --------- 舉重女子(zi)53公斤級抓舉
Women's Judo Half-Lightwt 52kg --------- 女子次輕(qing)量級52公斤(jin)柔(rou)道(dao)
Women's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 女(nv)子10米汽槍
Women's Cycling Track 500m Time Trial -------- 運(yun)動場(chang)自行車賽女子500米(mi)計時賽
Men's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 男子10米氣(qi)手槍
Women's Shooting 10m Air Rifle ---------- 女子10米氣步槍
Men's Weightlifting 56kg ---------- 男子56公斤(jin)級挺舉(ju)