體育廣義概念(亦(yi)稱體育運動(dong))。是指以(yi)身體練習(xi)為(wei)基本手(shou)段(duan),以(yi)增強人的(de)(de)(de)(de)體質,促(cu)進(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)全面(mian)發展(zhan),豐富社(she)(she)會(hui)文化(hua)生活和促(cu)進(jin)精神文明為(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種有意識、有組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)活動(dong)。它(ta)是社(she)(she)會(hui)總(zong)文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分。
體育的狹義概念(亦稱體育教育)。是一個(ge)(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)身體,增強體質,傳(chuan)授鍛(duan)煉身體的知(zhi)識、技能,培養道(dao)德和意(yi)志(zhi)品質的教育(yu)過程(cheng);是對人(ren)體進行培育(yu)和塑造的過程(cheng);是培養全面發(fa)展(zhan)的人(ren)的一個(ge)(ge)重要方面。
亦稱(cheng)“競(jing)技體(ti)育”。指為了戰(zhan)勝對手(shou),取得(de)優異運動成績,最大限度地發揮和(he)(he)提高個人、集體(ti)在體(ti)格、體(ti)能、心理(li)及運動能力等方面(mian)的(de)潛力所進行的(de)科學(xue)的(de)、系統的(de)訓練(lian)和(he)(he)競(jing)賽(sai)。含運動訓練(lian)和(he)(he)運動競(jing)賽(sai)兩種形式(shi)。
特點是:
1)充(chong)分(fen)調(diao)動和(he)發揮運動員的體(ti)力、智力、心理等方面(mian)的潛力;
2)激(ji)烈的(de)對抗(kang)性和競賽性;
3)參加者(zhe)有充沛(pei)的體力和高(gao)超的技藝;
4)按照統一的規則競(jing)賽,具(ju)有國(guo)際性(xing),成(cheng)績具(ju)有公(gong)認性(xing);
5)娛樂(le)性。當(dang)今世界所開展(zhan)的(de)競技運動項(xiang)目(mu)是(shi)社會歷史的(de)產物(wu)。遠在公元前700多年的(de)古希臘時代,就出(chu)現了賽(sai)跑、投擲、角力等項(xiang)目(mu),發展(zhan)至今已有數百種(zhong)之多。普(pu)遍開展(zhan)的(de)項(xiang)目(mu)有田徑、體(ti)操、籃球(qiu)(qiu)、排球(qiu)(qiu)、足(zu)球(qiu)(qiu)、乒乓球(qiu)(qiu)、羽毛球(qiu)(qiu)、舉(ju)重、游泳(yong)、自行(xing)車等。各國(guo)、各地(di)區還有自己特殊的(de)民族傳統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu),如中(zhong)華武術,東南亞(ya)地(di)區的(de)藤球(qiu)(qiu)、卡巴迪等。
是指在余(yu)暇時(shi)(shi)間(jian)或特定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)所進行的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種以娛(yu)悅身心(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)體育(yu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。具有業余(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、消遣(qian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、文(wen)娛(yu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等特點。內容一(yi)般(ban)有球類游(you)(you)戲、活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)游(you)(you)戲、旅游(you)(you)、棋類以及傳統民族(zu)體育(yu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)等。按(an)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)組織方式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)個人的(de)(de)(de)、家庭的(de)(de)(de)和集體的(de)(de)(de);按(an)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)條件可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)室內的(de)(de)(de)、室外的(de)(de)(de);按(an)競(jing)爭性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)競(jing)賽(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)和非(fei)競(jing)賽(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de);按(an)經營方式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)業性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)和非(fei)商(shang)業性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de);按(an)參加活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀賞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和運動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。開展娛(yu)樂性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體育(yu)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong),有益于身心(xin)健(jian)康,陶冶情操,培(pei)養高尚品格。
亦稱(cheng)“社會體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)”、“群眾(zhong)體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)”。是為了娛樂身心,增(zeng)強體(ti)(ti)質(zhi),防治疾病和培(pei)養體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)后備人才,在(zai)社會上廣泛(fan)開(kai)展(zhan)的(de)體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)的(de)總稱(cheng)。包括(kuo)職工體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、農民體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、社區體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、老年人體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、婦(fu)女體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)、傷殘人體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)等。主要形式有鍛煉(lian)小組(zu)、運動(dong)(dong)隊、輔導站、體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)之家、體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)中心、體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)俱樂部、棋社,以及個人自(zi)由體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)鍛煉(lian)等。開(kai)展(zhan)群眾(zhong)體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)應遵循因人、因地、因時(shi)制(zhi)宜和業余(yu)、自(zi)愿、小型(xing)、多樣、文明等原則。廣泛(fan)開(kai)展(zhan)群眾(zhong)性(xing)體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong),是發揮體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)社會功能,提高(gao)民族(zu)素質(zhi)和完成體(ti)(ti)育(yu)(yu)(yu)任務的(de)重要途(tu)徑。
指運(yun)用(yong)體(ti)育手(shou)段(duan)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)某些疾病與創傷,恢(hui)復和改善(shan)機體(ti)功能的一種(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)方法。一般不受時間、地點、設備條件(jian)的限制(zhi)。通常采(cai)用(yong)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)體(ti)操(cao)、慢(man)跑、散(san)步、自行車、氣功、太極拳和特制(zhi)的運(yun)動(dong)器(qi)械(如拉力(li)器(qi)、自動(dong)跑臺等),以及日光浴、空氣浴、水浴等為治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)手(shou)段(duan)。宜因人而異、持之以恒、循序漸進,并配合藥物或手(shou)術(shu)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)和心理疏導。
體育活(huo)(huo)動是(shi)人類社(she)會(hui)(hui)的一(yi)種身體教育活(huo)(huo)動和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)文化活(huo)(huo)動。體育的本質特點(dian),是(shi)以身體練習為(wei)(wei)手段(duan),發(fa)展身體,增強體質,促進人的全面發(fa)展,為(wei)(wei)社(she)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展服務(wu)。
體育(yu)運(yun)動(dong)是(shi)(shi)培養孩子們的(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)與習慣(guan)。運(yun)動(dong)既是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)習慣(guan),也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。從(cong)行(xing)為模式的(de)角度看,某些(xie)運(yun)動(dong)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)還是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個人綜合能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)重要組成部分。比如會游泳,在遇到突發事件(jian)落水時就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)救命的(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li);會騎(qi)自行(xing)車,在日常生活中不但能(neng)鍛煉身體,也是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)很好的(de)交通手(shou)段(duan);由運(yun)動(dong)練就(jiu)的(de)機(ji)敏靈活的(de)反應、巧妙的(de)雙手(shou)和(he)強健有力(li)(li)(li)的(de)臂膀,到了工(gong)作崗(gang)位上就(jiu)有可能(neng)轉化為許多勞動(dong)或工(gong)作的(de)基礎性能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)。
1、運動習慣和能力的(de)(de)培養,也要(yao)從娃(wa)娃(wa)抓起。人的(de)(de)本能最(zui)少(shao),幾乎(hu)所(suo)有的(de)(de)生存能力和行為習慣都要(yao)在后天特別是(shi)成(cheng)長的(de)(de)初期養成(cheng);
2、父(fu)母的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。首先(xian)在(zai)認識(shi)上(shang)要擺正孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)智(zhi)力(li)發展與(yu)(yu)(yu)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)發展的(de)(de)關系,即把(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)發展放(fang)在(zai)第(di)(di)一(yi)位。這一(yi)條其(qi)實(shi)真(zhen)正做起(qi)來并(bing)不容易。當前社會的(de)(de)大(da)氛圍(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)升學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)競爭,而(er)競爭的(de)(de)核(he)心是(shi)考核(he)智(zhi)力(li)。加上(shang)父(fu)母往(wang)往(wang)認為智(zhi)力(li)需(xu)(xu)要認真(zhen)下工夫,身(shen)(shen)體(ti)則只需(xu)(xu)要給足營(ying)養(yang)自然成(cheng)長就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)行(xing)了。于是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)了“盲區(qu)”。任何一(yi)個家(jia)(jia)長都知道在(zai)孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)得病時(shi)(shi)要先(xian)治病,那為什(shen)么在(zai)未得病時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不能(neng)先(xian)注(zhu)重身(shen)(shen)體(ti)的(de)(de)健康和鍛煉呢?其(qi)次是(shi)身(shen)(shen)體(ti)力(li)行(xing)堅持(chi)多到(dao)戶外活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。不要總把(ba)(ba)(ba)孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)憋在(zai)家(jia)(jia)里學(xue)(xue)這學(xue)(xue)那,特(te)別是(shi)在(zai)學(xue)(xue)齡前。相反應該多帶孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)戶外活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。逛公園、郊(jiao)游(you)、漫(man)步(bu)、游(you)戲、玩滑(hua)板、騎童車(che)等(deng)。這樣可以養(yang)成(cheng)孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)從(cong)小愛(ai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan),從(cong)而(er)保持(chi)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)天(tian)性。第(di)(di)三是(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)娛樂(le)(le)(le)相結(jie)合,在(zai)興(xing)趣和玩樂(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)參與(yu)(yu)(yu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。體(ti)育運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)本身(shen)(shen)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)無窮(qiong)的(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)趣。什(shen)么能(neng)引起(qi)樂(le)(le)(le)趣?變化(hua)、未知、勝利(li)、成(cheng)功、探(tan)索等(deng),都能(neng)引起(qi)樂(le)(le)(le)趣。而(er)這些(xie)(xie)因素幾(ji)乎在(zai)體(ti)育運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)都能(neng)找到(dao)。即便有些(xie)(xie)看似枯燥的(de)(de)體(ti)育項目,也可以開發出興(xing)趣,比如(ru)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)步(bu),我們都去跑(pao)(pao)(pao)步(bu),在(zai)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)步(bu)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)可以用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)績的(de)(de)不斷提高刺激(ji)興(xing)趣:比如(ru)昨天(tian)某某人(ren)跑(pao)(pao)(pao)1000米用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)多少,今(jin)天(tian)提高了多少;上(shang)學(xue)(xue)期肺(fei)活(huo)量是(shi)1000,這次就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)增加到(dao)1200……。第(di)(di)四是(shi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)力(li)相結(jie)合。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)在(zai)于天(tian)天(tian)督促孩(hai)(hai)(hai)子(zi)(zi)做,日子(zi)(zi)長久了,慢慢就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)為習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan);但能(neng)力(li)卻包含著(zhu)技巧(qiao),必須認真(zhen)教和認真(zhen)學(xue)(xue),還要反復練習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。培(pei)(pei)養(yang)能(neng)力(li)本身(shen)(shen)還蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)巨大(da)樂(le)(le)(le)趣。騎車(che)、游(you)泳、滑(hua)冰、輪滑(hua)……從(cong)不會到(dao)會,其(qi)過程充滿探(tan)索和感(gan)悟,因此樂(le)(le)(le)趣無窮(qiong);只有將習(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)慣(guan)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)力(li)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)結(jie)合,運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)才(cai)會展現(xian)無窮(qiong)的(de)(de)魅力(li)和實(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值。
3、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇適當的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。從需(xu)要(yao)(yao)的角度看,運動(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)三類(lei):娛樂(le)性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)類(lei)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、終(zhong)身(shen)性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。對于(yu)學(xue)齡前的較小孩子(zi),娛樂(le)性(xing)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的運動(dong)應多選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),如(ru)各(ge)種游(you)(you)戲、到動(dong)物園(yuan)游(you)(you)玩(wan)、玩(wan)沙子(zi)、玩(wan)積(ji)木(mu)、戲水……。等孩子(zi)們(men)長大(da)了,就(jiu)由他們(men)自(zi)己選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇感興趣的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu),而大(da)人可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)幫助(zhu)他們(men)創造條件。有(you)些(xie)運動(dong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)筆者認為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)的:如(ru)游(you)(you)泳、騎自(zi)行車之類(lei)。因為(wei)這(zhe)些(xie)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)不但是(shi)(shi)(shi)運動(dong),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種有(you)極(ji)大(da)實用性(xing)的能力(li)。還(huan)有(you)哪些(xie)屬于(yu)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)?各(ge)個(ge)(ge)家長可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)自(zi)己的選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇。所謂(wei)終(zhong)身(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu),說的是(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)天都(dou)(dou)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行以(yi)(yi)至于(yu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)堅持終(zhong)身(shen)的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。為(wei)什(shen)么每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)人都(dou)(dou)應該有(you)這(zhe)樣的項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)?這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保證一個(ge)(ge)人每(mei)(mei)天必(bi)須(xu)活動(dong)的條件,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)所謂(wei)養成運動(dong)習慣的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)標志。哪些(xie)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)作為(wei)終(zhong)身(shen)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)呢?這(zhe)種項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)幾個(ge)(ge)特點:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)對場(chang)地、器械要(yao)(yao)求不高;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)能夠活動(dong)全(quan)身(shen),有(you)相當的運動(dong)量;三是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)身(shen)活動(dong)為(wei)主。比如(ru)長跑、快(kuai)步走、體操、健身(shen)舞、武(wu)術(shu)、踢毽跳繩等。
4、無論(lun)是(shi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)員還是(shi)愛好運(yun)(yun)動(dong)者都可(ke)以(yi)給自己制定運(yun)(yun)動(dong)計(ji)劃、督促檢查(cha)和創造條件。對待孩(hai)子的身(shen)體(ti)(ti)鍛煉(lian),家長至少(shao)要(yao)(yao)像向重(zhong)視其智力(li)發展一(yi)樣,甚至要(yao)(yao)更加重(zhong)視。其主要(yao)(yao)表現是(shi):有一(yi)個(ge)關于孩(hai)子身(shen)體(ti)(ti)成長和運(yun)(yun)動(dong)的計(ji)劃,堅持經(jing)常性的督促和檢查(cha),在(zai)有時間的情(qing)況下我們(men)要(yao)(yao)多(duo)鍛煉(lian)自己的身(shen)體(ti)(ti)。
跳傘、動力傘、牽引傘、滑翔(滑翔傘、滑翔機(ji)、懸掛滑翔)、熱氣球、輕(qing)型飛機(ji);游泳(yong)(蹼泳(yong))、帆船(帆板)、漂(piao)流、沖浪、潛(qian)水、飛艇、運動游艇、摩(mo)托艇;登山(shan)、攀巖、蹦極(ji)、探險、汽車(che)、摩(mo)托車(che);射箭、射擊、弓弩
羽(yu)毛球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)軟式網球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(含(han)(han)沙灘排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))、地擲球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽(jian)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壁球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫(fu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保(bao)齡(ling)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、沙壺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄欖球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu);體(ti)(ti)操(含(han)(han)藝(yi)術體(ti)(ti)操)、蹦床(chuang)、技巧、健(jian)美(mei)、健(jian)美(mei)操、體(ti)(ti)育舞(wu)(wu)蹈、木(mu)(mu)蘭拳(quan)(含(han)(han)木(mu)(mu)蘭劍、木(mu)(mu)蘭扇(shan)等)、舍賓運動、運動保(bao)健(jian)按摩(mo);花(hua)樣滑(hua)冰(bing)、冰(bing)上舞(wu)(wu)蹈、冰(bing)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、速度滑(hua)冰(bing)、滑(hua)雪;田徑(jing)、越野賽(sai)、滑(hua)板、輪滑(hua)、自(zi)行車(含(han)(han)山地車、獨輪車等)、滑(hua)水、塞艇(ting)、皮滑(hua)艇(ting)、救生(含(han)(han)水上救生);賽(sai)馬、舉(ju)重(zhong)、擊劍、拳(quan)擊、柔道、摔(shuai)跤、武術(含(han)(han)散打)、跆拳(quan)道、空手道、健(jian)身氣功(gong);國際象(xiang)棋(qi)、中國象(xiang)棋(qi)、圍棋(qi)、橋牌(pai);釣(diao)魚、信鴿(ge)、舞(wu)(wu)龍(long)、舞(wu)(wu)獅、龍(long)舟(zhou)、風(feng)箏、拔河;飛鏢、秋千、斗(dou)雞、斗(dou)牛;航(hang)海模(mo)型(xing)、航(hang)空模(mo)型(xing)、車輛模(mo)型(xing)、航(hang)天(tian)模(mo)型(xing)、無線電、定向(xiang)運動。
射箭、拳擊(ji)(ji)、擊(ji)(ji)劍、皮(pi)滑艇(ting)(ting)、蹦(beng)(beng)床、柔道(dao)、賽(sai)艇(ting)(ting)、游泳(蹼(pu)泳)、救(jiu)生(含水上救(jiu)生)、射擊(ji)(ji)、摔跤、帆(fan)船(帆(fan)板)、跳傘、動(dong)力傘、牽引傘、滑翔(滑翔傘、滑翔機、懸掛滑翔)、熱(re)氣球、登山、攀巖、蹦(beng)(beng)極、探險(xian)、汽車、摩托(tuo)車、摩托(tuo)艇(ting)(ting)、弓弩(nu)、滑水、武術(含散打(da))、跆拳道(dao)、健(jian)美(mei)、健(jian)美(mei)操、體育舞蹈、漂流、沖浪、潛水、飛(fei)艇(ting)(ting)、輕型飛(fei)機、運動(dong)游艇(ting)(ting)、空(kong)手道(dao)、舍賓運動(dong)、賽(sai)馬、探險(xian)、高爾夫球。
足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、籃球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、排球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、羽(yu)毛球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、乒(ping)乓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、軟式網(wang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、橄欖球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、棒(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、壘球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、高爾夫球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、馬球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、手球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、水球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、保齡球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、門球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、藤(teng)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、冰球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、臺球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、地擲球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、曲棍球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、毽球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、板球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。
健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou)(zou):健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou)(zou)是(shi)一(yi)項以促進身(shen)(shen)(shen)心健(jian)(jian)康為目的(de)、講究姿勢、速(su)度和(he)時(shi)間的(de)一(yi)項步(bu)行運動(dong)(dong),它行走(zou)(zou)(zou)的(de)速(su)度和(he)運動(dong)(dong)量(liang)介于(yu)散步(bu)和(he)競走(zou)(zou)(zou)之間。突出的(de)特點是(shi)方法易(yi)于(yu)掌握(wo),不(bu)易(yi)發生運動(dong)(dong)傷害;不(bu)受年齡、時(shi)間和(he)場地(di)的(de)限制,不(bu)同年齡人群可根據自己的(de)時(shi)間隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地(di)進行鍛煉(lian)(lian);運動(dong)(dong)裝備簡單,只需(xu)一(yi)雙(shuang)舒(shu)適合腳的(de)運動(dong)(dong)鞋;在良好(hao)自然環境(jing)中結伴(ban)健(jian)(jian)步(bu)走(zou)(zou)(zou),不(bu)僅鍛煉(lian)(lian)了身(shen)(shen)(shen)體,還能欣賞(shang)自然美景,促進人際交流,陶冶身(shen)(shen)(shen)心。
悠悠球、轉(zhuan)轉(zhuan)筆、火機蝴蝶刀(dao)舞(wu)蹈(dao)、電子競技。
acrobatic gymnastics---技(ji)巧運動
athletics/track & field---田(tian)徑
beach---海灘
boat race---賽艇
bobsleigh, bobsled---雪(xue)橇
boxing---拳(quan)擊
canoe slalom---激流劃船
chess---象棋
cricket---板(ban)球
cycling---自(zi)行車(che)
diving---跳水
downhill race---速降滑(hua)雪賽,滑(hua)降
dragon-boat racing---賽龍船(chuan)
dressage---盛裝舞步(bu)
equestrian---騎(qi)馬
fencing---擊劍
figure skating---花樣滑冰
football(英語(yu))/soccer(美語(yu))---足球
freestyle----自由(you)式
gliding; sailplaning---滑翔運動
golf----高爾夫球
Greece-Roman wrestling----古典式摔跤
gymnastic apparatus----體操(cao)器(qi)械
gymnastics----體(ti)操
handball-----手球(qiu)
hockey----曲棍球
hold, lock-----揪鈕
horizontal bar-----單杠(gang)
hurdles; hurdle race----跨欄比賽
shuttlecock kicking---踢毽子
ice skating---滑冰
item Archery---箭術(shu)
judo---柔道
jumping----障(zhang)礙
kayak----皮(pi)劃艇
mat exercises---墊(dian)上運(yun)動(dong)
modern pentathlon---現代五項運動(dong)
mountain bike---山地車(che)
parallel bars---雙(shuang)杠
polo---馬(ma)球
relative work---造型跳傘
relay race; relay---接力
rings----吊環
roller skating----滑滑旱冰(bing)
rowing-----劃船
rugby---橄欖球
sailing--帆船
shooting---射(she)擊
side horse, pommelled horse---鞍馬
ski jump---跳高滑雪(xue)
ski jumping competition---跳高滑雪比賽(sai)
skiing---滑雪
slalom---障礙(ai)滑(hua)雪
softball---壘球
surfing---沖浪
swimming----游泳
table tennis---乒乓球(qiu)
taekwondo---跆拳道
tennis----網球
toxophily---射(she)箭
trampoline---蹦(beng)床
trapeze---秋(qiu)千(qian)
triathlon---鐵人三(san)項
tug-of-war---拔河
volleyball---排球(qiu)
badminton---羽毛(mao)球(qiu)
baseball---棒球
basketball---籃(lan)球
walking; walking race---競走
wall bars---肋木
water polo----水球(qiu)
weightlifting ---舉重(zhong)
winter sports -----冬季運動
wrestling ---摔跤
yacht ---游(you)艇
vault--跳(tiao)馬
Men's 10m Platform --- 男子10米跳(tiao)臺
Women's Taekwondo Over 67kg --- 女子67公(gong)斤級以上跆拳(quan)道
Women's Athletics 20km Walk --- 女子20公里競(jing)走
Men's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard --- 男(nan)子3米跳板(ban)
Women's Diving 3m Springboard --- 女子3米跳(tiao)板
Women's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform --- 女子(zi)10米跳臺(tai)
Men's Wrestling Greco-Roman 58kg --- 男子58公斤古典摔交
Men's Diving 3m Springboard --- 男(nan)子(zi)3米(mi)跳板
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Parallel Bars ------ 競技體(ti)操男(nan)子雙杠
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Beam ------ 競(jing)技體(ti)操(cao)女子自由(you)體(ti)操(cao)
Men's Table Tennis Singles ------ 男子乒乓(pang)單打
Women's Diving 10m Platform ------ 女(nv)子10米跳臺
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Uneven Bars ------- 競技體(ti)操女子(zi)跳馬
Women's Table Tennis Singles ------- 女子(zi)乒(ping)乓單打
Men's Badminton Singles ------ 男子(zi)羽毛球單打(da)
Women's Badminton Doubles ------- 女子羽(yu)毛球雙打(da)
Men's Diving Synchronized 10m Platform ------- 跳(tiao)水男子10米跳(tiao)臺
Women's Diving Synchronized 3m Springboard -------- 跳水(shui)女子3米跳板
Men's Table Tennis Doubles -------- 男子(zi)乒乓球雙打
Women's Badminton Singles --------- 女子羽毛球單(dan)打
Men's Fencing Team Foil -------- 擊劍(jian)男子團體花劍(jian)
Women's Judo Heavyweight +78kg ------- 柔道女子重量級(ji)78公(gong)斤
Men's Shooting 10m Running Target -------- 射擊男子10米移動(dong)靶
Women's Shooting 25m Pistol -------- 射(she)擊女(nv)子25米運動手槍(qiang)
Women's Table Tennis Doubles --------- 女子乒乓球雙打
Men's Weightlifting 77kg --------- 舉(ju)重男子(zi)77公斤級(ji)抓舉(ju)
Women's Weightlifting 75+ kg ---------- 舉重女子75公斤以上級抓舉
Mixed Badminton Doubles --------- 羽毛球(qiu)男子雙打
Women's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals --------- 競技體操女子個人(ren)全(quan)能決賽
Women's Judo Half-Heavywt 78kg ---------- 女子次重量級(ji)78公斤級(ji)柔道
Men's Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Finals ---------- 競技(ji)體操男子個人全能
Women's Fencing Team Epee ----------- 擊劍(jian)女子團(tuan)體重劍(jian)
Women's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals ---------- 競技體操女子團體
Women's Judo Half-Middlewt 63kg --------- 女(nv)子次中量級63公斤(jin)級柔道
Women's Weightlifting 63kg --------- 女子63公斤級(ji)挺舉(ju)舉(ju)重
Women's Weightlifting 69kg --------- 女子69公斤(jin)級抓舉舉重
Men's Artistic Gymnastics Team Finals --------- 男子團(tuan)體競技體操
Men's Shooting 10m Air Rifle --------- 射擊男子10米氣(qi)步槍
Women's Shooting Trap --------- 射擊女子多向飛碟
Women's Weightlifting 53kg --------- 舉(ju)重女子53公斤級抓舉(ju)
Women's Judo Half-Lightwt 52kg --------- 女子(zi)次(ci)輕量級(ji)52公斤柔(rou)道
Women's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 女子10米汽槍
Women's Cycling Track 500m Time Trial -------- 運(yun)動場自行車賽女子500米計時賽
Men's Shooting 10m Air Pistol --------- 男子10米氣手槍
Women's Shooting 10m Air Rifle ---------- 女(nv)子10米氣步槍(qiang)
Men's Weightlifting 56kg ---------- 男子56公斤(jin)級挺(ting)舉