【蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)】蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)比(bi)重 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)配比(bi)
1.蓄電池電解液配比
(1)電(dian)(dian)解液必須以(yi)化學純硫酸與蒸餾(liu)水配制(zhi)而成。電(dian)(dian)解液密度一般為1.25-1.29g/cm3(15°c時(shi))。工業用硫酸和(he)一般的水,因含有鐵、銅(tong)等雜質(zhi),會(hui)引起自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)和(he)極板損壞(huai),不能用于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。電(dian)(dian)解液在加入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池時(shi),其溫度須控制(zhi)在21-32°c之間(jian)。
(2)電解(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)的(de)高(gao)低,應根據使用地區的(de)氣溫而定。室溫為30-40°c時,電解(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為1.270;20-30°c時,電解(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為1.280;20°c以下(xia)時,電解(jie)液相對(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為1.290。
(3)配制電解液時,應將硫(liu)酸緩緩倒入蒸餾(liu)水中(zhong),而不可(ke)將蒸餾(liu)水倒人硫(liu)酸中(zhong),以免硫(liu)酸濺出傷(shang)害(hai)人體和腐蝕設備(bei)。
(4)蒸餾水(shui)的簡(jian)易檢(jian)測,用(yong)(yong)容量為(wei)1000ml的量杯(底部直(zhi)徑為(wei)100mm),取(qu)500ml蒸餾水(shui),萬用(yong)(yong)電(dian)表(biao)(biao)調至(zhi)r×1kq擋,將兩表(biao)(biao)棒貼(tie)在內壁插入水(shui)面,電(dian)阻值大于100kω時,不能使用(yong)(yong)。
2.蓄電池電解液比重
(1)電解液注入蓄電池后(hou),需測量電(dian)解液(ye)的高度,一般為10-15mm,然(ran)后(hou)將蓄(xu)電(dian)池靜置3-6h,待電(dian)解液(ye)溫度低于35°c才能充電(dian)。
(2)蓄電池的充電。把蓄電池1導線插在充電機2上進行充電,蓄電池與充電機的正極與正極相接,負極與負極相接。當蓄電池電解液相對密度低于1.20(夏天)、1.24(冬天)或蓄電池放置時間過長時必須充電。結冰的蓄電池要先解凍,充電電流盡量小一些,不能大于3-5a,充電時間約3-4h。充電過程中,蓄電池單格電壓上升2.4v時,電解液開始出現較多的氣泡,這時應將充電電流減半。充電結束后,要進行放電試驗,以免出現硫化損壞的蓄電池只是表面充電,實際已不能用。所以充電前要觀察蓄電池若有硫化物沉凝時,應予更換。蓄電池電解液為強酸,應避免碰到皮膚、眼睛或衣服上,并注意以下事項:①不慎沾在皮膚上時,應以大量清水沖洗;②誤飲時,以大量清水或牛奶沖洗腸胃,并吞食蛋清(qing)或(huo)植物(wu)油;③近(jin)距離工(gong)作時,應(ying)戴(dai)防(fang)護鏡(jing),如(ru)不小心沾(zhan)在眼(yan)(yan)睛上時,應(ying)以清(qing)水沖洗,并涂(tu)敷眼(yan)(yan)藥;④充電(dian)時會產生易燃(ran)氣體,應(ying)避免(mian)火花接(jie)近(jin),而且充電(dian)或(huo)作業區應(ying)通風良(liang)好。
(3)干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,是采用干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)極板制成,注(zhu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)1h后,即(ji)可起動(dong)車輛。在急需的情況下,亦可在灌(guan)注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)后,立即(ji)使用。正常使用時,如(ru)有充(chong)(chong)裕(yu)時間,可進(jin)行3-4h的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),這(zhe)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用性能更為有利。
(4)充(chong)(chong)完電(dian)(dian)后,應用密(mi)度(du)(du)計檢查電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du),并將電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液調(diao)(diao)整到相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)規定值。如(ru)(ru)偏低,可適當(dang)地補充(chong)(chong)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.40的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,反之(zhi),則(ze)補加蒸餾水(shui)。調(diao)(diao)整后應再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)2h,如(ru)(ru)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)仍不符(fu)合要求,可再(zai)(zai)調(diao)(diao)整、再(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian),直至符(fu)合規定值為(wei)止。
3.補充充電
蓄(xu)電(dian)池在使用時(shi),如因充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓過低或充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間不足等原因,出現以下情況時(shi),應及時(shi)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。
(1)電解(jie)液相(xiang)對(dui)密度下降(jiang)到1.20以下時(shi);
(2)燈光比(bi)平時暗(an)淡(dan)及(ji)起動機運轉無力(非起動系或(huo)機械(xie)故障(zhang));
(3)蓄電池放電量超過25%(冬季)或50%(夏季)時。
(4)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流約為(wei)容量值的1/10,充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間為(wei)10-11h(容量為(wei)9oah時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流為(wei)9a)。
(5)蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)后,單格電(dian)池電(dian)壓為(wei)2.5-2.7v,2-3h內保持電(dian)壓不變為(wei)合格。
4.蓄電池的檢查
(1)蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)解液面的檢(jian)查。當蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)解液低于下(xia)限時需添(tian)加蒸餾水或電(dian)解液,但不能(neng)超過最高位(wei)。
(2)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)檢(jian)查。用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢(jian)測(ce)儀1測(ce)量蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)2的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)流為110a時,其(qi)最低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應不低(di)于9.6v;在(zai)測(ce)量持(chi)續時間5-1os內,若蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于此值,表明蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)或有故障。
(3)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)檢查。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)用相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)計1進行(xing)測量,在20°c正(zheng)常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)情況下相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)應(ying)為(wei)1.28,當相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)低(di)于1.13時必須充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);若相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)低(di)于1.11,則必須更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)或提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)后方能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);若在一個(ge)或兩個(ge)相鄰的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)格中(zhong),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)明顯降低(di)(如(ru)五(wu)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)格相對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.16,一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)格為(wei)1.08的情況),則該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路,應(ying)更換。
蓄電池(chi)(chi)電解液的相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)會隨溫度(du)而變(bian)化,如20°c時蓄電池(chi)(chi)的相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)1.28為合(he)格(ge);當30°c時相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)1.273為合(he)格(ge);當10°c時1.287為合(he)格(ge)。觀察(cha)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)計(ji)時,眼睛(jing)必須(xu)與相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)計(ji)的液面(mian)保(bao)持水(shui)平(ping)。