汽車發電機常見故障及維修方法

1、不充電

發(fa)動(dong)機在中等以上轉速時，電流表(biao)指(zhi)針(zhen)指(zhi)示不充(chong)(chong)電，充(chong)(chong)電指(zhi)示燈亮，首先要考慮蓄電池充(chong)(chong)電情況，若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)電不足(zu)為發(fa)電裝置故障。

不(bu)(bu)充電(dian)(dian)除了傳動皮帶過松打滑，一(yi)般要檢查發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)本身不(bu)(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)或(huo)調(diao)節器故(gu)障(zhang)，以及(ji)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)斷路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)。如發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)內部(bu)整流脫(tuo)落(luo)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)樞接線柱底部(bu)與二極(ji)管(guan)元件板接觸處不(bu)(bu)通；二極(ji)管(guan)擊穿短路(lu)，造成定(ding)子繞組燒(shao)損；電(dian)(dian)刷在(zai)炭刷架內卡(ka)住接觸不(bu)(bu)良，或(huo)磁場繞組斷路(lu)等。

診斷(duan)中(zhong)提高發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)；開(kai)大燈，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)針瞬間(jian)的偏轉(zhuan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)向(xiang)，則為(wei)(wei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與調(diao)節(jie)器工作正常，而(er)是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已足(zu)(zu)；若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)針較(jiao)大的偏向(xiang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)向(xiang)，則故障在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)調(diao)節(jie)器，應(ying)檢(jian)查充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路各(ge)接(jie)頭是(shi)否良好，風(feng)扇(shan)皮帶(dai)是(shi)否過松及(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、調(diao)節(jie)器的技術狀況。首先(xian)驗(yan)證充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)否確實有(you)故障，將發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)置于中(zhong)速運轉(zhuan)，在開(kai)前照燈的瞬間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)針偏向(xiang)“+”方(fang)向(xiang)或(huo)保持原(yuan)位不動，為(wei)(wei)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已充(chong)(chong)足(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)工作正常。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)針偏向(xiang)“一”方(fang)向(xiang)，為(wei)(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)有(you)故障，應(ying)予檢(jian)修。

該圖片由注冊用戶"健康生活"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、充電電流過小

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)(zu)的情況下，提高發(fa)動機(ji)轉(zhuan)速，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表指(zhi)針指(zhi)示較(jiao)小的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，則為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過小故障。這一(yi)般是發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)本身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不足(zu)(zu)，調節器技術(shu)狀態不良以及充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增大所致。

可按以下步驟判斷和排除：檢查蓄電池、發電機、調節器和電流表等各機件的接線柱及其導線連接是否牢靠。檢查風扇皮帶是(shi)(shi)否過松(song)而使發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉速不高。在上述情況正常時，可(ke)在發(fa)動機(ji)中(zhong)等轉速下(xia)檢查調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)的限額電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，拆(chai)檢發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)否有(you)(you)磨損(sun)損(sun)壞的異常現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。檢查調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)活動觸(chu)點是(shi)(shi)否燒蝕或有(you)(you)無氧(yang)化物，活動觸(chu)點臂與(yu)鐵芯間(jian)間(jian)隙及(ji)彈(dan)簧拉力是(shi)(shi)否符合技術要求；調(diao)(diao)節(jie)器(qi)接線有(you)(you)無松(song)動現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。發(fa)現(xian)(xian)異常現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)及(ji)時修復(fu)。發(fa)動機(ji)在中(zhong)速以上運轉時，接通前照燈(deng)，若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流仍(reng)顯示充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，為充電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統技術狀(zhuang)況良好;若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源表顯示放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，為充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流過小故障(zhang)，應(ying)予檢修。

3、充電電流過大

汽車電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表指(zhi)針偏(pian)轉到最大(da)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)位(wei)置。若夜間行(xing)車，發(fa)動(dong)機轉速高(gao)時，就會(hui)出現照明(ming)和儀表指(zhi)示(shi)燈特別亮(liang)，導致燈泡容易(yi)燒(shao)毀，分(fen)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)觸點燒(shao)蝕，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)解液消(xiao)耗過(guo)快(kuai)。

首(shou)(shou)先檢(jian)查調節(jie)(jie)器火線(xian)與磁場(chang)兩(liang)接(jie)線(xian)柱導線(xian)是否接(jie)錯(cuo)，活動觸(chu)點(dian)是否燒蝕或粘合于常閉狀態。檢(jian)查調節(jie)(jie)器時，可拆下磁場(chang)接(jie)線(xian)，若充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流明顯減小，為調節(jie)(jie)器故障，可能是低速觸(chu)點(dian)燒結分不開(kai)，線(xian)圈有斷路等，若充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流仍然(ran)很(hen)大(da)，可能是磁場(chang)接(jie)線(xian)和(he)電(dian)樞接(jie)線(xian)有短(duan)路。首(shou)(shou)先檢(jian)查是否因(yin)蓄電(dian)池內部短(duan)路和(he)嚴(yan)重虧電(dian)而引起充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流過大(da)應予檢(jian)修(xiu)。

4、充電電流不穩

在發動(dong)(dong)機怠(dai)速以(yi)上轉(zhuan)速運轉(zhuan)時，電流表指(zhi)針左右(you)擺動(dong)(dong)，顯示間歇充(chong)電（有(you)時充(chong)電有(you)時又不充(chong)電的現象），一般為發電機的端(duan)電壓不穩定。

首先(xian)應檢查各連接線頭是(shi)否松動和接觸(chu)不良，皮帶是(shi)否過松以及蓄(xu)電(dian)池的極(ji)樁有無(wu)松動。若無(wu)異常再檢查調節(jie)器觸(chu)點是(shi)否燒(shao)蝕、臟(zang)污，線圈或電(dian)阻有無(wu)接觸(chu)不良、斷(duan)(duan)路等。仍無(wu)異常，則應拆檢發電(dian)機(ji)內部的技術狀況，并逐(zhu)項修復。發電(dian)機(ji)中(zhong)速(su)以上運轉(zhuan)時(shi)，電(dian)流表指示充電(dian)，但指針不斷(duan)(duan)左右擺動，充電(dian)電(dian)流時(shi)大(da)時(shi)小(xiao)，應予檢修。

5、發電機不發電

發(fa)電機不發(fa)電的主要(yao)原因是：整流二(er)極(ji)管擊穿短路或(huo)(huo)斷(duan)路；激磁繞(rao)組(zu)短路或(huo)(huo)斷(duan)路；三相定子(zi)繞(rao)組(zu)相問短路或(huo)(huo)搭(da)鐵；轉子(zi)滑環(huan)嚴重氧化臟污，炭刷架損壞或(huo)(huo)炭刷在刷架中(zhong)卡住。逐步排查原因并進行維修(xiu)即(ji)可。

汽車發電機維修注意事項

1、發電機各部位連接(jie)螺栓（母(mu)）要緊定可靠，導(dao)線接(jie)觸良好，避免松動脫落(luo)而影響(xiang)工作。

2、發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)正二(er)極(ji)(ji)管壓裝在元件板上(shang)，負二(er)極(ji)(ji)管壓裝在發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)外殼上(shang)，二(er)者不得裝錯。壓裝二(er)極(ji)(ji)管時，其緊度(du)要適當，過緊易損壞(huai)二(er)極(ji)(ji)管，過松會(hui)引起跳(tiao)火。

3、安(an)裝(zhuang)更(geng)換蓄電池時(shi)嚴格保持負極搭鐵，發電機的極性千萬不能裝(zhuang)反，以免二極管燒壞(huai)。檢(jian)修中不得用試火法(fa)和短(duan)接法(fa)及兆歐表檢(jian)查，防止二極管損壞(huai)。

4、各(ge)線柱不(bu)允許(xu)松動，防(fang)止接觸不(bu)良或產生瞬時超電(dian)壓燒壞(huai)二極(ji)管。

5、對發電機(ji)應做到按技(ji)術規范定(ding)期維護，出現故障應及時檢修(xiu)排(pai)除。

6、保持發(fa)電機(ji)和調節器接線完好，安裝牢(lao)固，負極搭鐵不得搞錯。

7、用正確的操作方法檢修其故障(zhang)，以避免人為的機(ji)件損壞。