英語翻譯中數字和倍數的翻譯表達
1、數字的表達
數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)在英語(yu)(yu)(yu)和漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)中的表達(da)(da)(da)方式是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同的。漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge),十(shi),百(bai),千(qian)(qian)(qian),萬(wan)(wan)(wan),十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),千(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi),十(shi)億(yi)……,也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)“十(shi)”的倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表示;而英語(yu)(yu)(yu)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)在數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)超過千(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)后,以(yi)(yi)“千(qian)(qian)(qian)”(thousand)的倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)來表達(da)(da)(da),如“一(yi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“十(shi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)”,即(ji)ten thousand;“十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“百(bai)千(qian)(qian)(qian)”,即(ji)hundred thousand;“百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”為(wei)million。百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)則用“百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”的倍數(shu)(shu)(shu)表達(da)(da)(da),如“千(qian)(qian)(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“十(shi)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)ten million;“億(yi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)“百(bai)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)”,即(ji)hundred million;“十(shi)億(yi)”為(wei)billion。對于(yu)四(si)位以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi),我們(men)也可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)漢(han)語(yu)(yu)(yu)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(萬(wan)(wan)(wan),億(yi)),而英語(yu)(yu)(yu)中是(shi)(shi)(shi)三位計數(shu)(shu)(shu)(thousand,million,billion,trillion)。了(le)解了(le)兩者的區別(bie)之后,我們(men)在翻譯(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)的時候就要注意思(si)維和表達(da)(da)(da)方式的轉(zhuan)換。
翻(fan)譯時(shi)常會遇到一些較籠(long)統的數(shu)字(zi),如“幾(ji)個(ge)”、“十幾(ji)個(ge)”、“幾(ji)十個(ge)”等,這類表達法需要熟記(ji):幾(ji)個(ge)(some,a few,several,a number of),十幾(ji)個(ge)(more than ten,no more than twenty),幾(ji)十個(ge)(dozens of),幾(ji)十年(nian)(decades),七十好(hao)幾(ji)(well over seventy),好(hao)幾(ji)百個(ge)(hundreds of),成千上萬(thousands of),幾(ji)十萬(hundreds of thousands of),億萬(hundreds of millions of)等。
例(li):123456789
在(zai)英語中(zhong),我們這樣看(kan):123,456,789,讀作:one hundred and twenty-three million four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine。
在漢(han)語中,我們這樣看:1,2345,6789,讀作:一億兩千三(san)百四十五萬(wan)六(liu)千七百八十九。
2、數字倍數的表達以及翻譯
英語表示倍數增減或倍數對(dui)比的句型(xing)(xing)多種(zhong)多樣(yang),其中有一些很容易譯錯,主要原因(yin)在于:英漢兩種(zhong)語(yu)言在表述或對(dui)比倍數方(fang)面存在著語(yu)言與思(si)維差異。現將(jiang)常用的英語(yu)倍數句型(xing)(xing)及其正(zheng)確澤法歸(gui)納如下(xia):
A is n times bigger(longer,more,...)than B.
A is n times as big(long,much,...)as B.
A is n times the size(length,amount,...)of B.
以上三句都(dou)表示A的(de)大小(xiao)(長度,數(shu)量,……)是B的(de)n倍或A比B大(長,多,……)n-1倍。