一、純電動汽車是什么意思

純電動汽車是指由電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)，且驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)來源于車載可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)量儲存系統(tong)(tong)（REESS）的(de)汽車。純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車是指以車載電(dian)(dian)源為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力，用電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)車輪(lun)行駛(shi)，符合道路交通、安(an)全(quan)法規(gui)各項要求的(de)車輛。由于對環境(jing)影(ying)響相對傳統(tong)(tong)汽車較小(xiao)，其前(qian)景被廣泛(fan)看好(hao)，但(dan)當前(qian)技術尚(shang)不成熟。

純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)（Battery Electric Vehicle，簡稱BEV），它(ta)是完全由(you)可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池（如鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池、鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池、鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池或鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池）提供動(dong)力源的汽車(che)。雖然它(ta)已(yi)有186年的悠久歷史，但(dan)一直僅限于某些特(te)定(ding)范圍內(nei)應用，市場較小。主要原因是由(you)于各種類別的蓄電(dian)(dian)池普(pu)遍(bian)存(cun)在價格高(gao)、壽(shou)命短、外形尺(chi)寸(cun)和重(zhong)量大(da)、充電(dian)(dian)時間長等不足。

二、純電動汽車的基本結構和原理

純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車由車載電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輔助設施(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，控制(zhi)器，底(di)盤，車身(shen)七(qi)部分(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)，按照傳統汽(qi)車的結構劃分(fen)(fen)，也可以將純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車分(fen)(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，底(di)盤，車身(shen)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)四部分(fen)(fen)。

1、電動機

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的動(dong)力裝(zhuang)置，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的心臟，它是(shi)(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)磁感應原理實現電(dian)(dian)能轉換一種電(dian)(dian)磁裝(zhuang)置，它的主要(yao)作用是(shi)(shi)產(chan)生旋轉遠動(dong)，作為(wei)用電(dian)(dian)設(she)備或各(ge)種機(ji)械的動(dong)力源(yuan)。

2、發電機

發電(dian)機的(de)(de)主要作用是將機械能(neng)轉化為電(dian)能(neng)，在電(dian)動汽(qi)車上起(qi)能(neng)量回(hui)收的(de)(de)作用。

3、冷卻系統

冷(leng)卻(que)(que)系統(tong)通常(chang)由(you)散(san)熱器，水泵(beng)，風扇，節溫器，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)液溫度表(biao)等組成，電(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)動(dong)機采(cai)用兩種(zhong)方式散(san)熱，空(kong)氣冷(leng)卻(que)(que)和水冷(leng)卻(que)(que)，通常(chang)的電(dian)動(dong)汽車多采(cai)用水冷(leng)。

4、傳動系統

因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車具有(you)良好的牽(qian)引特(te)性，所(suo)以不需要離合器和變(bian)速(su)箱(xiang)，車速(su)控制由控制器通過調速(su)系統(tong)改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的轉速(su)就可(ke)以實現。

5、行駛系統

也就是底盤，和(he)燃油(you)車(che)相似，主(zhu)要包括車(che)架，車(che)橋，車(che)輪(lun)，和(he)懸(xuan)架等，電動汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)駛系(xi)統的作用是接收電動機(ji)經傳(chuan)動系(xi)統傳(chuan)來的轉矩，并通過驅動輪(lun)和(he)路面間的附著作用，產(chan)生路面對汽(qi)車(che)的牽(qian)引力，以確(que)保(bao)正常行(xing)駛。

6、蓄電池

蓄電池池的作用就是給電動機提供用電，為了滿足電動汽車對(dui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，通常由多個(ge)12V或24V的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串，并聯形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)作為動力(li)源(yuan)，動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)155V~400V，以周期性的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來補充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)是(shi)(shi)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)裝(zhuang)備(bei)，它(ta)儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能及其自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量和(he)體積對(dui)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能起決定(ding)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。