一、純電動汽車是什么意思

純電動汽車是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)由電(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)，且(qie)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)能來(lai)源于(yu)車(che)(che)(che)載可充(chong)電(dian)能量儲存系統（REESS）的汽車(che)(che)(che)。純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)以車(che)(che)(che)載電(dian)源為動(dong)(dong)力，用電(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)行駛，符合道路交通(tong)、安全法規(gui)各項要求的車(che)(che)(che)輛。由于(yu)對(dui)環境影響相對(dui)傳統汽車(che)(che)(che)較(jiao)小(xiao)，其(qi)前(qian)景被廣泛看(kan)好，但當前(qian)技術尚不成熟。

純電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)（Battery Electric Vehicle，簡稱BEV），它是完全由可充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如(ru)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳鎘電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)池(chi)(chi)或鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)）提供動(dong)力源的(de)汽車(che)。雖然它已有186年的(de)悠久歷史，但一(yi)直僅(jin)限于(yu)某(mou)些特定范圍內應用，市場較小。主要原因(yin)是由于(yu)各種類別(bie)的(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)普遍存在(zai)價格(ge)高、壽命短、外形尺寸和重量大、充(chong)電(dian)時間(jian)長(chang)等不(bu)足(zu)。

二、純電動汽車的基本結構和原理

純(chun)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)由車(che)載電(dian)源，電(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統，電(dian)源輔助設施，電(dian)動機，控制(zhi)器，底(di)盤，車(che)身七部分組成，按(an)照傳統汽(qi)車(che)的結(jie)構劃分，也可以將純(chun)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)分為電(dian)動機，底(di)盤，車(che)身和(he)電(dian)氣四部分。

1、電動機

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的動(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的心臟，它是(shi)依據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應原理實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉換一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，它的主要作用(yong)是(shi)產生旋(xuan)轉遠動(dong)(dong)(dong)，作為(wei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)或各(ge)種(zhong)機械的動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)。

2、發電機

發電機(ji)(ji)的主要作用是將機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)轉化為電能(neng)(neng)，在電動汽車上起能(neng)(neng)量回(hui)收的作用。

3、冷卻系統

冷(leng)卻系統(tong)通常由散(san)熱器，水泵，風扇，節溫器，冷(leng)卻液溫度(du)表(biao)等組成，電動汽(qi)車(che)電動機采(cai)用(yong)兩種方式散(san)熱，空氣冷(leng)卻和水冷(leng)卻，通常的(de)電動汽(qi)車(che)多采(cai)用(yong)水冷(leng)。

4、傳動系統

因為電動(dong)汽車具(ju)有良好的(de)牽(qian)引特性，所以不需要離合器和變(bian)速箱，車速控(kong)制由控(kong)制器通過調速系統改變(bian)電動(dong)機(ji)的(de)轉速就可以實現。

5、行駛系統

也就是(shi)底盤，和(he)燃(ran)油車相(xiang)似，主要包(bao)括車架，車橋，車輪(lun)(lun)，和(he)懸架等(deng)，電動汽(qi)(qi)車行駛系統的作(zuo)用是(shi)接收電動機(ji)經(jing)傳動系統傳來的轉矩(ju)，并通過(guo)驅(qu)動輪(lun)(lun)和(he)路(lu)面間(jian)的附(fu)著作(zuo)用，產生路(lu)面對汽(qi)(qi)車的牽(qian)引力，以確保正常行駛。

6、蓄電池

蓄電池池的作用就是給電動機提供用電，為了滿足電動汽車對(dui)(dui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，通常由多個(ge)12V或(huo)24V的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串，并聯形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組作(zuo)為動(dong)力(li)源，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源組的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)155V~400V，以周期性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組是(shi)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵裝備，它儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能及其自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)和體積對(dui)(dui)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能起決定性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。