一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲能主要(yao)利用電(dian)(dian)網負(fu)荷(he)低谷時的剩余電(dian)(dian)力壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)，并將其儲藏在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)密封設施內，在用電(dian)(dian)高(gao)(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲能原理如下(xia)：

壓縮空氣儲能是(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷低(di)谷時的剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室的密閉大容量(liang)地下空(kong)間，即將(jiang)(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化成可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能并(bing)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)于(yu)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中。當(dang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足(zu)時，將(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱(re)器與(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)，導入(ru)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室等(deng)(deng)(deng)組成的蓄能子系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷的低(di)價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通(tong)過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在巖穴、廢(fei)棄礦井等(deng)(deng)(deng)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室中，蓄能時通(tong)過(guo)聯(lian)軸器將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)耦(ou)合(he)，與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)高峰負荷時，利(li)用壓(ya)(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)驅動(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)室以(yi)及加(jia)熱(re)器等(deng)(deng)(deng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)耦(ou)合(he)，與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)解耦(ou)合(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能主要優勢是(shi)規模大、壽命長、成本較低和儲(chu)能時間長。它的規模可(ke)以達(da)到百(bai)兆瓦級以上，儲(chu)能時間可(ke)達(da)4—10小時，甚至更(geng)長。由于都是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)裝置，正(zheng)常維護(hu)情況下壽命可(ke)達(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣勢在于：

（1）目前壓縮空氣儲能的(de)效(xiao)率約為70%，與效(xiao)率較(jiao)高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相比相對較(jiao)低。

（2）響應速度(du)沒有電化學(xue)儲能(neng)快，負荷從0到(dao)100%的正常(chang)響應時間(jian)需要(yao)3—9分鐘(zhong)，而電化學(xue)儲能(neng)為秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)到(dao)毫秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)。壓縮空氣(qi)儲能(neng)系(xi)統只有作為旋轉備用時才可以達到(dao)秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)。

（3）一(yi)般情況下不適(shi)合太小(xiao)規模的應用場景，規模太小(xiao)，系統效率會下降，單(dan)位(wei)成本會增加。