一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲能(neng)主(zhu)要利用電網負(fu)荷低谷時的剩余電力壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)，并將(jiang)其儲藏在高壓密封設施內，在用電高峰釋放出來(lai)驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發電，壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲能(neng)原理(li)如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)負荷(he)低(di)谷時(shi)(shi)的剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)的密閉大(da)容量(liang)地下(xia)空(kong)(kong)間，即將(jiang)不可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成可儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)并儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)于貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中。當系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱(re)(re)器(qi)與油或(huo)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)合燃(ran)燒，導(dao)入(ru)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)功發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)調(diao)峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)等(deng)組(zu)成的蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷的低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在巖(yan)穴、廢棄礦井等(deng)貯(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)中，蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)時(shi)(shi)通(tong)過聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合，與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)高峰負荷(he)時(shi)(shi)，利用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)燒室(shi)(shi)以及加熱(re)(re)器(qi)等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦合，與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能(neng)主(zhu)要(yao)優勢是規(gui)模大(da)、壽命(ming)長、成本較低(di)和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間(jian)長。它的規(gui)模可以達(da)到百兆(zhao)瓦級(ji)以上(shang)，儲(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間(jian)可達(da)4—10小時(shi)，甚至更長。由于都是機械(xie)裝(zhuang)置，正(zheng)常維護情況下壽命(ming)可達(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲能(neng)劣勢(shi)在于：

（1）目(mu)前壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)能的效率(lv)約(yue)為70%，與效率(lv)較(jiao)高的電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對較(jiao)低。

（2）響應(ying)速度(du)沒(mei)有電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)快，負荷從0到(dao)(dao)100%的正常響應(ying)時間需要(yao)3—9分(fen)鐘(zhong)，而電(dian)化(hua)學儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)為秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)到(dao)(dao)毫秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)。壓縮(suo)空氣儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統只有作為旋轉備用時才可以達到(dao)(dao)秒(miao)(miao)級(ji)。

（3）一般(ban)情況下不適(shi)合太小規模(mo)的應用場景，規模(mo)太小，系(xi)統效率會下降，單位(wei)成(cheng)本會增加。