一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)能主要利用電網負荷(he)低谷(gu)時的剩余電力壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)，并將其儲(chu)藏在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)密封設施內，在(zai)用電高(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)輪機發電，壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)儲(chu)能原(yuan)理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)負荷低(di)(di)谷(gu)時的(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓入作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)密閉(bi)大(da)容量(liang)地下空(kong)間，即將不可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)化成可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓勢(shi)能并儲(chu)存(cun)于貯(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時，將壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱器與(yu)(yu)油或天然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合燃(ran)燒，導入燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做(zuo)功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)調峰需要。壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等組(zu)成的(de)蓄能子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低(di)(di)谷(gu)的(de)低(di)(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)在巖穴、廢棄礦井等貯(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中，蓄能時通過聯軸器將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)高峰負荷時，利(li)用壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)燒室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以及加熱器等發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合，與(yu)(yu)壓氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)(ou)合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓(ya)縮空氣儲能主要(yao)優(you)勢是(shi)規模大(da)、壽命長、成本較低和儲能時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長。它的規模可以達到百兆(zhao)瓦級以上，儲能時(shi)(shi)間(jian)可達4—10小時(shi)(shi)，甚至更(geng)長。由于都是(shi)機械裝(zhuang)置，正常維護(hu)情況(kuang)下壽命可達30—50年。

2、壓(ya)縮空氣儲能劣勢在(zai)于：

（1）目前(qian)壓縮空氣(qi)儲能的效(xiao)(xiao)率約為70%，與效(xiao)(xiao)率較(jiao)高的電池（85%—90%）相比相對較(jiao)低。

（2）響(xiang)應速度沒有電化學儲(chu)能快(kuai)，負荷從0到100%的正常響(xiang)應時間需要(yao)3—9分鐘，而電化學儲(chu)能為秒級到毫(hao)秒級。壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)能系(xi)統只(zhi)有作為旋轉備用時才可以(yi)達到秒級。

（3）一般情況下不(bu)適合太小規(gui)模的(de)應用場景，規(gui)模太小，系統效率會下降，單位成(cheng)本會增加。