一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能主(zhu)要利用(yong)電網負荷(he)低谷時的剩余電力壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣，并將其儲(chu)藏在高(gao)壓(ya)密封設施內，在用(yong)電高(gao)峰釋放(fang)出來驅動燃氣輪(lun)機發電，壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能原理(li)如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統負(fu)荷低谷時(shi)的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)，將空氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入(ru)(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)室的(de)密閉大容量(liang)地下空間，即將不可(ke)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成可(ke)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)(neng)并儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)于貯氣(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)(zhong)。當系(xi)統發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，將壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)經(jing)換熱器(qi)與油或天然氣(qi)(qi)混合(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒，導入(ru)(ru)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)做功(gong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統調峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)室等(deng)組成的(de)蓄能(neng)(neng)子系(xi)統將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低谷的(de)低價(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)在巖(yan)穴、廢棄礦井等(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)室中(zhong)(zhong)，蓄能(neng)(neng)時(shi)通過(guo)聯軸器(qi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)耦合(he)(he)，與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統高峰負(fu)荷時(shi)，利用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒室以及加熱器(qi)等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)統，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)耦合(he)(he)，與壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空(kong)氣儲能(neng)主要(yao)優(you)勢是規(gui)模(mo)大、壽命長、成本(ben)較低和儲能(neng)時(shi)間(jian)長。它的規(gui)模(mo)可以(yi)達到百兆瓦級以(yi)上，儲能(neng)時(shi)間(jian)可達4—10小(xiao)時(shi)，甚至更長。由于都是機械裝置，正常維(wei)護情況下(xia)壽命可達30—50年。

2、壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣(qi)儲能劣勢(shi)在于(yu)：

（1）目前壓縮空氣儲能的(de)效(xiao)率約為70%，與效(xiao)率較高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對較低。

（2）響應速度(du)沒有電化學儲能(neng)快，負荷從(cong)0到(dao)(dao)100%的正常響應時(shi)間需要3—9分鐘，而(er)電化學儲能(neng)為秒(miao)級(ji)到(dao)(dao)毫秒(miao)級(ji)。壓(ya)縮空氣儲能(neng)系統(tong)只有作為旋(xuan)轉備(bei)用時(shi)才可以達到(dao)(dao)秒(miao)級(ji)。

（3）一般情況(kuang)下不適合(he)太(tai)小規模(mo)的應用(yong)場景，規模(mo)太(tai)小，系統效率會(hui)(hui)下降，單位成本會(hui)(hui)增加。