一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能主要利(li)用電網負荷低谷時的剩余電力壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)，并將(jiang)其儲(chu)(chu)藏在高(gao)(gao)壓密封設施內，在用電高(gao)(gao)峰釋放出來驅動燃氣(qi)(qi)輪機發電，壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)(chu)能原(yuan)理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)負荷(he)低(di)谷(gu)時(shi)的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)量，由電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)，將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)入作(zuo)為(wei)儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的(de)(de)密閉大容量地下(xia)空(kong)(kong)間，即(ji)將不可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化成可儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)勢能(neng)并儲(chu)存(cun)于(yu)貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中。當系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量不足時(shi)，將壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱(re)器與油或(huo)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)燃(ran)燒，導(dao)入燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)調峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等(deng)(deng)組成的(de)(de)蓄能(neng)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)將電(dian)(dian)站低(di)谷(gu)的(de)(de)低(di)價電(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存(cun)在(zai)巖穴、廢棄礦井等(deng)(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中，蓄能(neng)時(shi)通過聯軸器將電(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)高峰負荷(he)時(shi)，利用壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒驅動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)燒室(shi)以及加(jia)熱(re)器等(deng)(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)耦合(he)，與壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)解耦合(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮(suo)空氣(qi)儲(chu)能(neng)主要優勢是(shi)規模(mo)大、壽命長、成本較低和儲(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間長。它(ta)的規模(mo)可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)百(bai)兆(zhao)瓦級以上，儲(chu)能(neng)時(shi)間可(ke)達(da)4—10小時(shi)，甚至更長。由于都是(shi)機(ji)械裝置，正(zheng)常維護情(qing)況下壽命可(ke)達(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲能(neng)劣(lie)勢在(zai)于(yu)：

（1）目(mu)前壓縮空氣儲能(neng)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)約為70%，與效(xiao)率(lv)較高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)池（85%—90%）相比相對較低。

（2）響應速度沒有電(dian)化學儲能快，負荷從0到(dao)(dao)100%的正常響應時(shi)間需要3—9分鐘，而電(dian)化學儲能為秒(miao)級(ji)到(dao)(dao)毫(hao)秒(miao)級(ji)。壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣儲能系統只有作為旋轉備用時(shi)才(cai)可以達到(dao)(dao)秒(miao)級(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適合太小規(gui)模(mo)的應用場(chang)景，規(gui)模(mo)太小，系(xi)統效率會下降，單位(wei)成本會增加。