一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能的(de)重要性能指標之一(yi)，它表示干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在一(yi)定狀(zhuang)態下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)般干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有三種：

1、標準電壓

又稱額定電(dian)壓，指電(dian)池正(zheng)負極材(cai)料因化學反應而造成的電(dian)位差，由此產生的電(dian)壓值。干電(dian)池的標準電(dian)壓為1.5V。

普通(tong)干電(dian)(dian)池內部的(de)化學(xue)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)反應(ying)的(de)激(ji)烈程(cheng)度只(zhi)能達到使電(dian)(dian)池發(fa)揮出約(yue)1.5V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓水平。這個電(dian)(dian)壓跟化學(xue)離子化傾向有關，也就是說跟陰極和陽極材(cai)料有關，鋅(xin)跟碳棒在電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢就是大約(yue)1.5伏特(te)。

2、開路電壓

指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)非工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下即電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中無電(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)勢差(cha)。干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)時(shi)的開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又(you)稱端電(dian)壓，是指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下即電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中有電(dian)流流過時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正負極(ji)之間的電(dian)勢差。在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放電(dian)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態下，當電(dian)流流過電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部時(shi)，需克服電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的內阻所造成阻力(li)，故工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)壓總是低于開路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓，充電(dian)時(shi)則與(yu)之相反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)阻并(bing)聯在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正負(fu)(fu)(fu)極間，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余電(dian)量(liang)存在(zai)某(mou)種已知關系，所以(yi)根據電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)及用途,再測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)阻兩(liang)端電(dian)壓(ya)，看(kan)此時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)時(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)較空載(zai)(zai)時(shi)下(xia)降程度，就可(ke)以(yi)判斷電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)；不(bu)過(guo)前(qian)提(ti)條件是不(bu)施加(jia)任何(he)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，加(jia)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)因為內部阻抗引(yin)起壓(ya)降失真，并(bing)隨時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)推移以(yi)不(bu)同速率(lv)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低(di)，并(bing)且在(zai)去除負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高。因此如果(guo)施加(jia)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，會(hui)影響干電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)結(jie)果(guo)。

萬用表(biao)也可以準確測(ce)量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通過測(ce)量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的高低(di)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進行判斷，如果(guo)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不小于(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，說明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)充足的；小于(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)多，說明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多，由于(yu)型號的不同干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的檢測(ce)結果(guo)會受(shou)到影(ying)響，但是(shi)對單節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，只要(yao)使(shi)用是(shi)普通指針式萬能表(biao)，將萬能表(biao)選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負(fu)表(biao)筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)極，正(zheng)表(biao)筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極上迅(xun)速碰(peng)一下，注意觀察表(biao)針運動（短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還(huan)剩多少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會隨著(zhu)使用(yong)時間的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加不(bu)斷下(xia)降(jiang)，下(xia)降(jiang)到一定程度就不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)了，一般情況(kuang)下(xia)，干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就可以(yi)視為干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)即將沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這時的(de)(de)(de)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)已經不(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作需求，需要更(geng)換(huan)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。