一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)的重要性能(neng)指標之一(yi)，它表示(shi)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在一(yi)定狀(zhuang)態下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)般(ban)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有三(san)種：

1、標準電壓

又稱額(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)，指電(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)材料因化(hua)學(xue)反應而造(zao)成的(de)電(dian)位差，由此(ci)產生的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)值。干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)標準(zhun)電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)1.5V。

普通(tong)干電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)的(de)化學電(dian)(dian)解液反應的(de)激烈程度(du)只(zhi)能達(da)到使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池發(fa)揮出(chu)約(yue)1.5V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)水(shui)平。這個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟化學離子化傾向有關(guan)，也(ye)就是說跟陰極和(he)陽極材料(liao)有關(guan)，鋅跟碳棒在電(dian)(dian)解液中產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢就是大約(yue)1.5伏特(te)。

2、開路電壓

指(zhi)電池(chi)在非工作狀態下即電路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)無電流流過時，電池(chi)正負極之間的電勢差。干(gan)電池(chi)滿(man)電時的開(kai)路(lu)(lu)電壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又(you)稱端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)(guo)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負(fu)極之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部時(shi)，需克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)內阻(zu)所造成阻(zu)力，故工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓總是低于開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)則與(yu)之相反(fan)。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適當(dang)的(de)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻并聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)正負(fu)極間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)存在(zai)某種已知關系，所(suo)以根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang)及用途,再測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看(kan)此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)荷時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空載時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下降(jiang)程度，就可以判斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)；不過前提條(tiao)件(jian)是(shi)不施加任何負(fu)載的(de)情況下，加負(fu)載后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會因(yin)(yin)為內部(bu)阻抗引起壓(ya)降(jiang)失真，并隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)推移以不同速率逐漸(jian)降(jiang)低，并且在(zai)去除負(fu)載后逐漸(jian)升高。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)如果施加負(fu)載的(de)話，會影響干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)檢測結果。

萬(wan)用表也可以(yi)準(zhun)確測量干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通(tong)過測量干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)高低(di)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量進行(xing)判斷，如(ru)果測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，說明干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)充足(zu)的(de)；小(xiao)(xiao)于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越多(duo)，說明干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越多(duo)，由于型號的(de)不(bu)同干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)檢測結(jie)果會受到影響，但是(shi)對單節(jie)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說，只(zhi)要使用是(shi)普通(tong)指針式萬(wan)能表，將(jiang)萬(wan)能表選(xuan)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負表筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負極(ji)，正表筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正極(ji)上迅(xun)速碰一(yi)下，注(zhu)(zhu)意觀察表針運動（短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況，便知道(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還剩(sheng)多(duo)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)會隨(sui)著(zhu)使用時間的(de)(de)(de)增加不(bu)斷(duan)下降，下降到一定(ding)程(cheng)度就(jiu)不(bu)能用了(le)，一般(ban)情(qing)況下，干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)降至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就(jiu)可以(yi)視為干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)即將沒電(dian)，這時的(de)(de)(de)干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)已(yi)經不(bu)能滿(man)足大部分電(dian)子(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)工作需(xu)求，需(xu)要(yao)更換干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。