一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)壓是(shi)干電(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性能指(zhi)標之一，它表示干電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)一定狀態下(xia)電(dian)池(chi)兩端的(de)電(dian)勢差，一般干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓有三種：

1、標準電壓

又(you)稱額定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，指電(dian)池正(zheng)負極材料因化學(xue)反應而造成的電(dian)位差，由此產生的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值。干電(dian)池的標準電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為1.5V。

普通(tong)干電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)的(de)化學(xue)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)反(fan)應的(de)激烈程度只(zhi)能達到使電(dian)(dian)池發(fa)揮出約(yue)(yue)1.5V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓水平。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓跟化學(xue)離子化傾向有關(guan)，也(ye)就(jiu)是說跟陰極和陽(yang)極材(cai)料(liao)有關(guan)，鋅(xin)跟碳棒在電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢就(jiu)是大約(yue)(yue)1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在非工作狀態下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負極之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱(cheng)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，是(shi)指(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負極之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)下，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部時，需克(ke)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的內阻所(suo)造成阻力，故(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓總是(shi)低于開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時則與(yu)之相(xiang)反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適當的(de)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載電(dian)阻(zu)并聯在(zai)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)正負(fu)(fu)(fu)極(ji)間，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓跟(gen)剩(sheng)余電(dian)量存在(zai)某種(zhong)已知關系，所以根據電(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量及用途,再測量電(dian)阻(zu)兩端(duan)電(dian)壓，看(kan)此時(shi)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷時(shi)電(dian)壓較(jiao)空(kong)載時(shi)下降(jiang)程度(du)，就可以判斷電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)量；不(bu)過(guo)前提條件是不(bu)施(shi)加(jia)任何負(fu)(fu)(fu)載的(de)情(qing)況下，加(jia)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載后，電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓會因為(wei)內部阻(zu)抗引起壓降(jiang)失真，并隨時(shi)間的(de)推移以不(bu)同速率逐漸降(jiang)低，并且在(zai)去除(chu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載后逐漸升(sheng)高。因此如果施(shi)加(jia)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載的(de)話，會影(ying)響干電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)量的(de)檢(jian)測結果。

萬用表(biao)也可以(yi)準確測(ce)量干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通(tong)過測(ce)量干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)高低(di)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量進行判斷，如果(guo)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不小于(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，說明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是充足的(de)(de)；小于(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越多(duo)，說明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越多(duo)，由于(yu)(yu)型號的(de)(de)不同(tong)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)結果(guo)會受到影響，但是對單(dan)節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，只要使用是普通(tong)指(zhi)針式萬能表(biao)，將萬能表(biao)選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負表(biao)筆(bi)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負極(ji)，正(zheng)表(biao)筆(bi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)上(shang)迅(xun)速碰一下，注(zhu)(zhu)意觀察表(biao)針運動（短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還剩多(duo)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)隨著使(shi)用(yong)時間的(de)增(zeng)加不斷下(xia)降(jiang)，下(xia)降(jiang)到一定程(cheng)度就不能用(yong)了，一般情況下(xia)，干電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就可(ke)以視為干電(dian)池(chi)即將沒電(dian)，這時的(de)干電(dian)池(chi)已經不能滿足大部分電(dian)子設備(bei)的(de)工作需(xu)求，需(xu)要更(geng)換(huan)干電(dian)池(chi)。