一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別

干電池按照電解質性質不同，可分為堿性和碳性兩種，它們雖然都是干電池，但在很(hen)多方面有(you)所不同，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)干電池和碳性(xing)(xing)干電池的(de)區別主要有(you)：

1、結構原理不同

碳性干(gan)電池和(he)堿性干(gan)電池的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構和(he)原理都是(shi)(shi)(shi)基于鋅-錳(meng)體系，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)有一些不同之(zhi)處。碳性干(gan)電池的(de)(de)(de)正極是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)二氧化錳(meng)和(he)石墨組成的(de)(de)(de)炭棒，負極是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)鋅皮制成的(de)(de)(de)外殼，電解質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含有氯(lv)化銨和(he)氯(lv)化鋅的(de)(de)(de)水溶液(ye)。

堿性(xing)干電(dian)池的(de)(de)正極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由二氧(yang)(yang)化錳和(he)(he)碳粉(fen)(fen)組成的(de)(de)環形極(ji)(ji)片(pian)，負極(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由鋅(xin)(xin)粉(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)添加劑制成的(de)(de)鋅(xin)(xin)膏，電(dian)解質是(shi)(shi)(shi)含有氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化鉀的(de)(de)水溶液(ye)。碳性(xing)干電(dian)池和(he)(he)堿性(xing)干電(dian)池的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)反應(ying)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)鋅(xin)(xin)和(he)(he)二氧(yang)(yang)化錳在電(dian)解質中發生氧(yang)(yang)化還原反應(ying)，產(chan)生電(dian)流(liu)和(he)(he)電(dian)壓。

2、電池容量不同

碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都是1.5伏(fu)，但是它們的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)卻有很大的(de)(de)差別，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)是碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)4-7倍，這(zhe)意(yi)味著(zhu)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以(yi)持續使用的(de)(de)時間更長，或(huo)者可以(yi)為更大功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)會隨著(zhu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)而減(jian)小，但是仍然高于碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

3、重量不同

由于(yu)堿性干(gan)電池的內(nei)部(bu)材料和結構比(bi)碳性干(gan)電池更復雜(za)，堿性干(gan)電池的重(zhong)(zhong)量一般比(bi)碳性干(gan)電池重(zhong)(zhong)。

4、價格不同

堿性干(gan)(gan)電池的價(jia)(jia)格也比碳性干(gan)(gan)電池高，一般是碳性干(gan)(gan)電池的1.5-2倍，不(bu)過堿性干(gan)(gan)電池的使用壽命通常要更長一些，性價(jia)(jia)比還是比較高的。

5、適用范圍不同

碳(tan)性干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池適(shi)合(he)用于低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和低(di)功率(lv)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如手電(dian)(dian)(dian)筒、收音機、遙控器(qi)、鐘(zhong)表等。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的特點是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量小，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的性能要求不高，使用碳(tan)性干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以滿(man)足基本(ben)的需求。

堿(jian)(jian)性干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池適合用(yong)于高電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和高功率(lv)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，如數碼相機、閃光燈、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動玩具、剃須刀、無線鼠標等(deng)。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的特點(dian)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量大，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的性能要求高，使用(yong)堿(jian)(jian)性干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的正常(chang)工作(zuo)和良好(hao)的性能。

6、保質期和自放電不同

保(bao)(bao)質期是指(zhi)電池在(zai)未(wei)使(shi)用的(de)情(qing)況下，能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)(bao)持一(yi)定的(de)電量和性能(neng)的(de)時間。自放電是指(zhi)電池在(zai)未(wei)使(shi)用的(de)情(qing)況下，由于內部化學反應而(er)逐漸損失電量的(de)現象。

一般(ban)來(lai)說，堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期要遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)超過(guo)碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期。碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期一般(ban)為1-2年(nian)，而堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期一般(ban)為5-10年(nian)，甚至更(geng)長(chang)。堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)也比(bi)碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低，一般(ban)為每(mei)(mei)年(nian)2-3%，而碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一般(ban)為每(mei)(mei)年(nian)10-15%。這意味(wei)著堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以更(geng)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)地保(bao)(bao)存和使用，不會因為時(shi)間(jian)過(guo)長(chang)而失效。

7、環保性不同

碳性干電(dian)池中含(han)有(you)重金屬鎘(ge)和(he)水(shui)(shui)銀(yin)，這些物(wu)質對人體(ti)和(he)環境都有(you)危害，如果不經過回收處理，就(jiu)直接(jie)丟棄，會污染土壤和(he)水(shui)(shui)源，影響生態平(ping)衡。堿性干電(dian)池中不含(han)重金屬鎘(ge)和(he)水(shui)(shui)銀(yin)，相對來說要環保一些。

二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好

堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對比起(qi)來，在很多方面都有所(suo)區別，不過并(bing)不一定堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就更好，或者(zhe)碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更好，要根據設備(bei)功率需(xu)求、使(shi)用(yong)時間和環境考慮(lv)選擇(ze)：

一般來說(shuo)，堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)通常具有更高的能(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度和較(jiao)長的壽命(ming)，適合高耗能(neng)設備(bei)；而碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)價(jia)格便宜，適用于低功率設備(bei)。

三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎

堿性干電池和碳性(xing)干(gan)電池很(hen)多在外表上(shang)并沒有多大區別(bie)，有用戶可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)混(hun)用，不(bu)過一般(ban)這兩(liang)種干(gan)電池是(shi)不(bu)建(jian)議共用的。

由于堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正極、負極及電(dian)(dian)解質均(jun)不(bu)同(tong)，因此他們的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)儲電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)都有所不(bu)同(tong)，一(yi)般來說，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)是(shi)碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)五到(dao)六倍，而電(dian)(dian)流也比碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)要大，混用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)話可能(neng)影響供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；而且(qie)碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)更(geng)早用(yong)完(wan)，頻繁更(geng)換也麻煩(fan)，因此一(yi)般建議(yi)不(bu)要混用(yong)。