一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別
干電池按照電解質性質不同,可分為堿性和碳性兩種,它們雖然都是干電池,但在很多方面(mian)有所不同,堿性干(gan)電池和(he)碳性干(gan)電池的區(qu)別主(zhu)要有:
1、結構原理不同
碳性干電(dian)池(chi)和堿性干電(dian)池(chi)的結構(gou)和原理都是(shi)基于鋅-錳(meng)體系,但是(shi)有一些不(bu)同之處(chu)。碳性干電(dian)池(chi)的正極是(shi)由(you)二氧(yang)化錳(meng)和石(shi)墨(mo)組成的炭棒(bang),負(fu)極是(shi)由(you)鋅皮制成的外殼(ke),電(dian)解質是(shi)含有氯化銨和氯化鋅的水溶液。
堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正極(ji)是由(you)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)錳(meng)和碳粉(fen)組成的環形極(ji)片,負極(ji)是由(you)鋅(xin)粉(fen)和添(tian)加劑(ji)制(zhi)成的鋅(xin)膏,電(dian)(dian)解質是含有氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鉀的水溶液。碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的放電(dian)(dian)反(fan)應都(dou)是鋅(xin)和二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)錳(meng)在電(dian)(dian)解質中發生氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)還(huan)原反(fan)應,產生電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓。
2、電池容量不同
碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池和堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都(dou)是(shi)1.5伏,但(dan)是(shi)它們的(de)容(rong)量卻有很大的(de)差別,堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量是(shi)碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)4-7倍,這意味著堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以持(chi)續(xu)使(shi)用的(de)時間更(geng)長,或者可以為更(geng)大功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量會隨著放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)增加而減小,但(dan)是(shi)仍(reng)然(ran)高于(yu)碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。
3、重量不同
由(you)于堿性干(gan)電池的內部材料(liao)和結構(gou)比碳性干(gan)電池更復雜,堿性干(gan)電池的重量一(yi)般比碳性干(gan)電池重。
4、價格不同
堿性干電(dian)池(chi)的價格也比碳(tan)性干電(dian)池(chi)高(gao)(gao),一般是碳(tan)性干電(dian)池(chi)的1.5-2倍,不過堿性干電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽命通常(chang)要更長一些,性價比還是比較高(gao)(gao)的。
5、適用范圍不同
碳性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)適合用于低(di)電(dian)(dian)流和(he)低(di)功(gong)率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi),如手(shou)電(dian)(dian)筒、收音機、遙控器(qi)、鐘表等(deng)。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)特(te)點是用電(dian)(dian)量小,對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)性能要(yao)求不高,使用碳性干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以滿足基本的(de)(de)需求。
堿(jian)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池適合(he)用于高電(dian)(dian)流和(he)高功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi),如數碼相機、閃光燈、電(dian)(dian)動玩具、剃須(xu)刀、無線鼠(shu)標等。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)特點是用電(dian)(dian)量大(da),對電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)性能要求高,使用堿(jian)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池可以保證電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)正常工作和(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)性能。
6、保質期和自放電不同
保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)是指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在未(wei)(wei)使用(yong)的情況下,能(neng)夠保(bao)持一定的電(dian)量和(he)性能(neng)的時間(jian)。自放電(dian)是指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在未(wei)(wei)使用(yong)的情況下,由于內部化學反應而逐漸損失電(dian)量的現象。
一(yi)般來說(shuo),堿性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)要遠遠超(chao)過(guo)(guo)碳(tan)(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)。碳(tan)(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)一(yi)般為1-2年(nian),而堿性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保(bao)質(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)一(yi)般為5-10年(nian),甚(shen)至更(geng)長(chang)。堿性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)自(zi)放電(dian)也(ye)比碳(tan)(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)低(di),一(yi)般為每(mei)年(nian)2-3%,而碳(tan)(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)自(zi)放電(dian)一(yi)般為每(mei)年(nian)10-15%。這意味(wei)著堿性干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以(yi)更(geng)長(chang)時間(jian)地保(bao)存和使用,不會因為時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長(chang)而失效(xiao)。
7、環保性不同
碳性干(gan)電池中含(han)有重金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)鎘和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)銀,這些物質對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)和(he)(he)環境都有危害,如果(guo)不經過(guo)回收(shou)處理,就直接(jie)丟棄,會(hui)污(wu)染土壤和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)源,影響生態平衡(heng)。堿性干(gan)電池中不含(han)重金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)鎘和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)銀,相(xiang)對(dui)來(lai)說(shuo)要環保一(yi)些。
二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好
堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池和(he)碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池對比起來,在(zai)很多方面都有所區別,不過并不一定堿性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池就更好(hao),或者(zhe)碳(tan)性干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池更好(hao),要根據設備功率(lv)需求(qiu)、使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間和(he)環境考慮選擇:
一般來說,堿性干電(dian)池通常具有(you)更高的能(neng)量密(mi)度(du)和(he)較長的壽(shou)命,適(shi)合高耗能(neng)設備;而碳性干電(dian)池價格便宜,適(shi)用于低功率設備。
三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎
堿性干電池和碳性干(gan)電(dian)池很多在外表上并(bing)沒有(you)(you)多大區別,有(you)(you)用戶可能會混用,不過一般(ban)這(zhe)兩種干(gan)電(dian)池是不建議共用的。
由(you)于堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池和碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的(de)正極(ji)、負極(ji)及電(dian)解(jie)質均不同,因此他們的(de)操作電(dian)壓(ya)和儲電(dian)量(liang)都有所不同,一(yi)般來說,堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的(de)容(rong)量(liang)是碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的(de)五到六(liu)倍,而電(dian)流也比碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池要大,混用的(de)話可能影響(xiang)供電(dian);而且(qie)碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池會更早用完,頻繁(fan)更換(huan)也麻煩(fan),因此一(yi)般建議不要混用。