一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別

干電池按照電解質性質不同，可分為堿性和碳性兩種，它們雖然都是干電池，但在很多方面有(you)所不同，堿(jian)性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)和碳性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的區(qu)別主要(yao)有(you)：

1、結構原理不同

碳(tan)性(xing)干電池和(he)堿性(xing)干電池的結(jie)構和(he)原理都是(shi)(shi)基于鋅-錳體系(xi)，但是(shi)(shi)有(you)一(yi)些不同之(zhi)處。碳(tan)性(xing)干電池的正極是(shi)(shi)由(you)二氧化錳和(he)石墨組成的炭(tan)棒，負極是(shi)(shi)由(you)鋅皮制(zhi)成的外(wai)殼，電解質是(shi)(shi)含有(you)氯(lv)化銨和(he)氯(lv)化鋅的水(shui)溶(rong)液。

堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)正極(ji)(ji)是由(you)(you)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)錳和碳粉(fen)組成的(de)環形極(ji)(ji)片，負極(ji)(ji)是由(you)(you)鋅(xin)粉(fen)和添加劑制成的(de)鋅(xin)膏，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)是含(han)有(you)氫(qing)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀的(de)水溶液。碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)反應都是鋅(xin)和二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)錳在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)中發生(sheng)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)還原反應，產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)壓。

2、電池容量不同

碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都是(shi)1.5伏，但是(shi)它們的(de)容(rong)量(liang)卻有(you)很大的(de)差(cha)別，堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)4-7倍，這意味著堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以持續使(shi)用的(de)時(shi)間更長，或者可(ke)以為更大功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)器提供電(dian)(dian)能。堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)會隨(sui)著放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)增加(jia)而減(jian)小，但是(shi)仍然高于碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

3、重量不同

由于堿性(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的內部材料和結構比(bi)碳性(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)更復(fu)雜(za)，堿性(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的重量一般比(bi)碳性(xing)(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)重。

4、價格不同

堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的價格也比碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池高，一(yi)般(ban)是碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的1.5-2倍，不過(guo)堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命通常要更(geng)長一(yi)些(xie)，性(xing)價比還是比較高的。

5、適用范圍不同

碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池適合用于低(di)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和低(di)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如手電(dian)(dian)筒(tong)、收音機(ji)、遙控(kong)器(qi)、鐘表等。這些電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是用電(dian)(dian)量小，對電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)能要求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)，使(shi)用碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池可以滿足基本的(de)(de)需求(qiu)。

堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)適合用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)電(dian)流和(he)(he)高(gao)功率的電(dian)器(qi)，如數碼相(xiang)機、閃光燈、電(dian)動玩具、剃須刀、無(wu)線鼠標等。這些電(dian)器(qi)的特點是用(yong)電(dian)量大，對電(dian)池(chi)的性(xing)能要求高(gao)，使用(yong)堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)以(yi)保證電(dian)器(qi)的正常工(gong)作和(he)(he)良好(hao)的性(xing)能。

6、保質期和自放電不同

保質期是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)未(wei)使用的(de)(de)情況下，能夠保持一定的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)和性能的(de)(de)時間(jian)。自放電(dian)是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)未(wei)使用的(de)(de)情況下，由于(yu)內部化學反應而逐(zhu)漸損(sun)失電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)現象。

一(yi)般來說，堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)要遠遠超過碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)。碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)1-2年(nian)(nian)(nian)，而堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)5-10年(nian)(nian)(nian)，甚至更(geng)長。堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)也比碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池低，一(yi)般為(wei)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)2-3%，而碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)般為(wei)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)10-15%。這意味著(zhu)堿性(xing)干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)池可以更(geng)長時間(jian)地保(bao)(bao)存(cun)和(he)使(shi)用，不會因為(wei)時間(jian)過長而失效。

7、環保性不同

碳性干電池中含(han)有重金屬鎘(ge)和水銀，這些物質(zhi)對(dui)人體(ti)和環境都有危害，如果不經過回收處(chu)理，就直(zhi)接丟棄，會污染土壤和水源(yuan)，影響生態平衡。堿(jian)性干電池中不含(han)重金屬鎘(ge)和水銀，相對(dui)來說要環保一(yi)些。

二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好

堿性干(gan)電池和碳(tan)性干(gan)電池對(dui)比(bi)起來，在很(hen)多方面(mian)都有所區(qu)別(bie)，不過并不一定(ding)堿性干(gan)電池就更(geng)好(hao)(hao)，或者碳(tan)性干(gan)電池更(geng)好(hao)(hao)，要根據(ju)設(she)備功(gong)率需求、使用時(shi)間和環(huan)境考(kao)慮(lv)選擇(ze)：

一般來說(shuo)，堿性(xing)干電(dian)池通常具有更高的(de)能量(liang)密度和較(jiao)長的(de)壽命(ming)，適合(he)高耗能設備；而碳性(xing)干電(dian)池價格便宜，適用于低功率設備。

三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎

堿性干電池和(he)碳性干電池(chi)很(hen)多(duo)在外表上并沒有(you)多(duo)大(da)區(qu)別，有(you)用(yong)(yong)戶可能會(hui)混用(yong)(yong)，不過一般這兩種干電池(chi)是不建議(yi)共用(yong)(yong)的。

由(you)于堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)正極、負(fu)極及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質均不(bu)同，因(yin)此(ci)他們的(de)操(cao)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)都有所不(bu)同，一般(ban)(ban)來說，堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang)是碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)五到六倍，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)比碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)要大，混用的(de)話可能(neng)影響供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；而且碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會更(geng)早用完，頻繁(fan)更(geng)換也(ye)麻煩，因(yin)此(ci)一般(ban)(ban)建議(yi)不(bu)要混用。