一、一次電池是什么意思
一次電池,也叫一次性電池,是指(zhi)放電(dian)結束(shu)后不(bu)能再通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)使(shi)其(qi)復原(yuan),再度使(shi)用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池,這種電(dian)池通常(chang)只能一次性使(shi)用(yong),無法(fa)通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)或其(qi)它方式將原(yuan)有電(dian)能補充(chong)(chong)回(hui)來。
一次(ci)電池(chi)一般(ban)用完即廢,這一特性是它的(de)電池(chi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)或(huo)電極(ji)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)不可(ke)逆性或(huo)條件,限制使電池(chi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)很(hen)難可(ke)逆地(di)進行所決定(ding)的(de)。
二、干電池是一次性電池嗎
是的。
干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)原(yuan)理是利(li)用氧化(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)反應(ying)將(jiang)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為電(dian)能(neng)(neng),這一化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)是不可逆的(de),不能(neng)(neng)進行充(chong)電(dian)和(he)放電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)使用,因此屬于(yu)一次性電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。除了干電(dian)池(chi)(chi)外,常見的(de)碳(tan)鋅電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、堿性電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、水銀(yin)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋅空氣電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等都屬于(yu)一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
三、一次電池和二次電池的區別
和一次電(dian)池(chi)相對的(de),二次電(dian)池(chi)就是指可以通過充(chong)電(dian)或其他方式補充(chong)電(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)池(chi),這兩種電(dian)池(chi)的(de)區別主要(yao)有:
1、二次電(dian)(dian)池在放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)極體積和結構之間發生可逆變(bian)化,而一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)池內部則簡單得多,因為(wei)它(ta)不需要調節這些可逆性變(bian)化。
2、一次電(dian)池的質量(liang)比(bi)(bi)容量(liang)和體積比(bi)(bi)容量(liang)均大(da)于(yu)普通充電(dian)電(dian)池,但(dan)內阻遠比(bi)(bi)二次電(dian)池大(da),因此負(fu)載能力較(jiao)低。
3、一次電池的自放(fang)電(dian)遠小于二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)。一次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)只(zhi)能放(fang)電(dian)一次(ci),如,堿性電(dian)池(chi)和碳性電(dian)池(chi)就屬于此類(lei),二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)可(ke)反復循環使用。
4、一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻遠大(da)二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),其大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能亦不(bu)及二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),在小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、間歇性放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的條件(jian)下,一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的質(zhi)量(liang)比容(rong)量(liang)大(da)于普(pu)通二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),但當放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于800mAh,則一次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)優勢(shi)就會明顯減小(xiao)。
5、二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相對一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更環保。一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用后就(jiu)必(bi)須廢棄(qi),而充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可反(fan)復(fu)使(shi)用,符(fu)合國(guo)家標(biao)準的(de)(de)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)世(shi)代充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)通常可反(fan)復(fu)使(shi)用1000次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)上(shang),也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)產生的(de)(de)廢棄(qi)物不到一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)1000分(fen)之1,不論(lun)從(cong)減少廢棄(qi)物還是(shi)(shi)從(cong)資源利用及經濟的(de)(de)角度來考慮,二次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優越性都(dou)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)。