一、一次電池是什么意思
一次電池,也叫一次性電池,是指放電(dian)(dian)結束后不能再通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)使其復原(yuan),再度使用的電(dian)(dian)池(chi),這種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)通常只能一(yi)次性使用,無(wu)法通過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)或其它方式將(jiang)原(yuan)有電(dian)(dian)能補充(chong)回來。
一次電(dian)(dian)池一般用(yong)完即廢,這一特(te)性(xing)是它(ta)的電(dian)(dian)池反應或(huo)電(dian)(dian)極反應的不可(ke)逆性(xing)或(huo)條件,限制使電(dian)(dian)池反應很難可(ke)逆地進行(xing)所決(jue)定的。
二、干電池是一次性電池嗎
是的。
干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的原理是(shi)利(li)用(yong)氧(yang)化還原反(fan)應(ying)將化學(xue)能轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能,這一化學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)是(shi)不可逆的,不能進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)使(shi)用(yong),因此屬于(yu)一次性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。除了干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外,常見的碳鋅電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、水銀電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、鋅空氣電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等都屬于(yu)一次電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
三、一次電池和二次電池的區別
和一(yi)次電(dian)池(chi)相對的(de),二次電(dian)池(chi)就是指(zhi)可以通過充電(dian)或其他方式補(bu)充電(dian)能的(de)電(dian)池(chi),這兩種電(dian)池(chi)的(de)區別主(zhu)要有:
1、二次電(dian)池(chi)在放電(dian)時電(dian)極體積和結構之間發生(sheng)可逆變化,而一次電(dian)池(chi)內部則簡單(dan)得多,因為它不(bu)需要調節(jie)這些可逆性變化。
2、一次電池的質量比(bi)容量和(he)體積比(bi)容量均大于普通(tong)充電電池,但(dan)內阻遠比(bi)二(er)次電池大,因(yin)此負載能力(li)較低。
3、一次電池的自放電遠(yuan)小(xiao)于二(er)次電池(chi)(chi)。一次電池(chi)(chi)只能放電一次,如,堿性電池(chi)(chi)和碳性電池(chi)(chi)就屬于此類,二(er)次電池(chi)(chi)可反(fan)復循環(huan)使用(yong)。
4、一(yi)(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻遠大二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),其(qi)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)亦(yi)不及二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),在小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、間歇(xie)性放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的條件下,一(yi)(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的質量(liang)比容量(liang)大于(yu)普通二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),但當(dang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大于(yu)800mAh,則一(yi)(yi)(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量(liang)優(you)勢就會(hui)明顯(xian)減(jian)小。
5、二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相(xiang)對一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)更環保。一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)后就必須廢棄,而充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可反(fan)復(fu)使(shi)用(yong),符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)標準的(de)次(ci)世(shi)代(dai)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通常可反(fan)復(fu)使(shi)用(yong)1000次(ci)以(yi)上(shang),也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產生的(de)廢棄物(wu)不到一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)1000分之(zhi)1,不論從減少廢棄物(wu)還是(shi)(shi)從資源利用(yong)及經濟的(de)角度來考慮,二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)優越性都是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分明顯的(de)。