一、大提琴有幾根弦
大提琴有四根弦。
第一根弦(xian)為(wei)(wei)A弦(xian),為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)細(xi),發音華麗有力,富于歌唱性;第二根弦(xian)為(wei)(wei)D弦(xian),音色較朦(meng)朧(long);第三根弦(xian)為(wei)(wei)G弦(xian),低沉響(xiang)(xiang)亮,能(neng)夠(gou)承受樂(le)隊沉重的音響(xiang)(xiang);第四根弦(xian)為(wei)(wei)C弦(xian),為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)粗,更加低沉響(xiang)(xiang)亮,能(neng)夠(gou)承受樂(le)隊非常(chang)沉重的音響(xiang)(xiang)。
如果(guo)是低音(yin)提(ti)琴,四根(gen)弦分別是E、A、D、G,為了避免在(zai)低音(yin)譜表上過多(duo)地加(jia)線,其(qi)音(yin)響比(bi)實(shi)際記譜低一個八度,有時加(jia)入第五根(gen)弦,定音(yin)為C。或在(zai)樂器的頸部加(jia)入一個機械裝置,加(jia)長E弦,使其(qi)可以(yi)演奏(zou)下面的C音(yin)。
二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦
1、大提琴(qin)每(mei)根弦(xian)(xian)應裝(zhuang)在(zai)規定的弦(xian)(xian)軸上(shang),琴(qin)弦(xian)(xian)要按順序(xu)繞好。弦(xian)(xian)盡可能裝(zhuang)直,這樣(yang)弦(xian)(xian)不易松。切忌(ji)歪斜交錯,使(shi)弦(xian)(xian)互相(xiang)牽制撥調弦(xian)(xian),弦(xian)(xian)穿入軸孔后(hou),扭(niu)動方向是由里向外,注意不要反扭(niu)。
2、為使調弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)便(bian)利,大(da)提琴裝弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)就(jiu)應調整好弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)軸的方向、位(wei)置。定(ding)(ding)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),一般先定(ding)(ding)準大(da)提琴A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高(gao),然后根(gen)據A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高(gao)分(fen)別定(ding)(ding)D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。有時(shi)(shi)幾根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)動過以后,A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)音高(gao)會偏低,故需反復(fu)校對。
3、初學為大提琴定弦(xian)時,可先聽單(dan)音(yin),待音(yin)高(gao)基本定準后,再同時拉(la)兩根弦(xian),并(bing)略(lve)微調整,直到音(yin)響完全諧和(he)為(wei)止。
4、大提琴弦軸受氣候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)的影(ying)響會變(bian)緊變(bian)松,使調弦不便。太(tai)緊時(shi)可用鉛筆芯(xin)涂軸,太(tai)松時(shi)涂點松香。