種植谷子需要注意什么? 種子谷子四步驟介紹
一、品種選擇 可選用(yong)赤谷(gu)6號、晉谷(gu)22號、龍谷(gu)29號、鐵谷(gu)7號、公谷(gu)63號等品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。谷(gu)子(zi)(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前要進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處理，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處理有(you)曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、藥劑拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包衣(yi)等方(fang)式。其中藥劑拌(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可以防(fang)治黑穗病(bing)和地(di)下害蟲。

二、播種 春谷在6月中(zhong)旬以前(qian)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)為宜。其播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方式(shi)有耬播(bo)(bo)、溝播(bo)(bo)，耬播(bo)(bo)是(shi)谷子的主(zhu)要播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方式(shi)。春谷播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量每畝為0.5公斤(jin)左右，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深度為3～5厘(li)米。旱地(di)每畝留苗2萬～3.5萬株(zhu)，水澆地(di)留苗3萬～6萬株(zhu)。

三、田間管理 （一）保全(quan)苗。谷(gu)子子粒較小，加之北方(fang)干旱等原因，容易造(zao)成谷(gu)田(tian)缺苗斷(duan)壟。因此，應加強田(tian)間管(guan)理。出苗后植株(zhu)有2～3片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)要(yao)查苗補種，5～6片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)進(jin)行間苗、定苗。（二(er)）蹲苗促壯。在(zai)水(shui)(shui)肥條件好(hao)、幼苗生(sheng)長旺的田(tian)塊(kuai)，應及時(shi)進(jin)行蹲苗。在(zai)植株(zhu)2～3片(pian)(pian)葉時(shi)鎮壓，控制肥水(shui)(shui)等。（三）中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除草。中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)大多在(zai)幼苗期、拔節期和孕穗期進(jin)行，通常中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)2～3次(ci)(ci)。第一次(ci)(ci)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)應結合間苗、定苗進(jin)行。第二(er)次(ci)(ci)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)在(zai)拔節期進(jin)行，有灌(guan)溉條件的地方(fang)應結合追肥、澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)行，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)要(yao)深，同時(shi)要(yao)進(jin)行培土(tu)。第三次(ci)(ci)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)在(zai)封行前進(jin)行，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)深度以4～5厘米為宜。

四、收獲 谷(gu)子適(shi)宜收獲(huo)(huo)期在臘熟末期或完熟期。若(ruo)收獲(huo)(huo)過早，則(ze)子粒不飽滿，谷(gu)粒水(shui)分含量高，其產(chan)量和品質下(xia)降。若(ruo)收獲(huo)(huo)過遲，則(ze)谷(gu)粒中的(de)纖(xian)維素分解，莖稈(gan)干(gan)枯，落粒嚴(yan)重。若(ruo)遇雨(yu)，則(ze)生芽，其品質下(xia)降。