種植谷子需要注意什么? 種子谷子四步驟介紹
一、品種選擇 可選(xuan)用赤谷(gu)6號(hao)、晉谷(gu)22號(hao)、龍(long)谷(gu)29號(hao)、鐵谷(gu)7號(hao)、公(gong)谷(gu)63號(hao)等品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。谷(gu)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前要進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處理(li)有(you)曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、藥(yao)劑(ji)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣等方(fang)式。其中藥(yao)劑(ji)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可以防治(zhi)黑穗(sui)病和地(di)下(xia)害蟲。

二、播種 春谷在6月中旬以前播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)為(wei)宜。其播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有(you)耬(lou)播(bo)(bo)、溝播(bo)(bo)，耬(lou)播(bo)(bo)是(shi)谷子的主要播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。春谷播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量每畝(mu)為(wei)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)右，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)深度為(wei)3～5厘米。旱地(di)每畝(mu)留苗2萬(wan)～3.5萬(wan)株，水澆地(di)留苗3萬(wan)～6萬(wan)株。

三、田間管理 （一）保全苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。谷子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)粒較小，加(jia)(jia)之北方干旱(han)等原因(yin)，容(rong)易造成谷田(tian)缺苗(miao)(miao)(miao)斷(duan)壟。因(yin)此(ci)，應(ying)(ying)加(jia)(jia)強田(tian)間管(guan)理。出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后植株(zhu)有(you)2～3片(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)要(yao)查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補種，5～6片(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。（二(er)）蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)促壯。在水肥(fei)條(tiao)件好、幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生長(chang)旺的田(tian)塊(kuai)，應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)蹲(dun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。在植株(zhu)2～3片(pian)葉(xie)時(shi)鎮壓，控制肥(fei)水等。（三(san)）中(zhong)耕(geng)除草。中(zhong)耕(geng)大多在幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)、拔節(jie)期(qi)和孕穗期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，通常中(zhong)耕(geng)2～3次。第一次中(zhong)耕(geng)應(ying)(ying)結合間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。第二(er)次中(zhong)耕(geng)在拔節(jie)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)灌溉條(tiao)件的地方應(ying)(ying)結合追(zhui)肥(fei)、澆水進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)耕(geng)要(yao)深(shen)(shen)，同時(shi)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)培土(tu)。第三(san)次中(zhong)耕(geng)在封行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，中(zhong)耕(geng)深(shen)(shen)度以4～5厘米為(wei)宜。

四、收獲 谷子(zi)適(shi)宜收獲(huo)期在臘熟末期或完熟期。若收獲(huo)過早，則(ze)子(zi)粒不飽滿(man)，谷粒水(shui)分含量(liang)高，其產(chan)量(liang)和品質(zhi)下(xia)降。若收獲(huo)過遲(chi)，則(ze)谷粒中的(de)纖維素分解(jie)，莖稈干枯，落粒嚴重。若遇雨，則(ze)生芽，其品質(zhi)下(xia)降。