一、半導體設備的基本原理和工作方式
半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)設備(bei)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)基于(yu)能(neng)帶(dai)(dai)理(li)論,即在(zai)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)價(jia)帶(dai)(dai)和導(dao)帶(dai)(dai),其中(zhong)(zhong)價(jia)帶(dai)(dai)是半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)材料中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi),而導(dao)帶(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)被加熱或激發后被激發到(dao)價(jia)帶(dai)(dai)之外。當(dang)外部(bu)電荷(he)作(zuo)用于(yu)半(ban)導(dao)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)時,它可以改變(bian)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)能(neng)帶(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)分布,導(dao)致電導(dao)率的(de)變(bian)化。
半導體設備具(ju)有重(zhong)要的電子功(gong)能,如場效(xiao)應管、整(zheng)流器(qi)、功(gong)率放大(da)器(qi)和(he)發(fa)光二極(ji)管。基于不(bu)同應用(yong)需要,半導(dao)體(ti)設(she)備可以通過材料、結構、工藝等方面做出不(bu)同的改進(jin)和(he)針對(dui)性設(she)計。
二、半導體設備核心部件是什么
據統(tong)(tong)計,半導體設備的關鍵子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要分為 8 大(da)類(lei)。包含(han):氣(qi)液流量(liang)控 制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、真空系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、制程診(zhen)斷系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、光學系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電源及(ji)氣(qi)體反應(ying)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、熱(re)管理(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、晶圓(yuan)傳送系(xi)(xi)(xi) 統(tong)(tong)、其(qi)他(ta)集成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及(ji)關鍵組件,每個子系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)亦由數量(liang)龐大(da)的零部(bu)件組合而成。
不(bu)同半導(dao)體設備(bei)的核(he)心(xin)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)有所不(bu)同。例如:光刻機的核(he)心(xin)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)包括工作臺(tai)、投影物鏡(jing)、光源 等(deng),而等(deng)離子體真空設備(bei)(PVD、CVD、刻蝕(shi))的核(he)心(xin)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)包括 MFC、射頻電源、真空泵、ESC 等(deng)。