1、恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終保持(chi)不變(bian)，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下降，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不致因(yin)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)而減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終不變(bian)，這(zhe)對(dui)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)自動化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)要求較高(gao)，一般簡陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)是不能(neng)滿足(zu)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大答應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越(yue)大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以縮短。若(ruo)從(cong)時間上(shang)考慮，采用此(ci)法(fa)(fa)(fa)有利的(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)仍不變(bian)，這(zhe)時由于大部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過多而顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)不僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而且輕易使(shi)極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)活性物質大量(liang)脫落(luo)，溫升(sheng)過高(gao)，造成(cheng)極(ji)板(ban)彎曲，容(rong)量(liang)迅(xun)速下降而提前報廢(fei)。所(suo)以，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)很少采用。

2、恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始終保持不(bu)(bu)變，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始至(zhi)后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始終保持一定(ding)，所(suo)以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減小。當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)最(zui)小甚(shen)至(zhi)為(wei)零。由(you)此可(ke)見，采(cai)用恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)，可(ke)以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)而(er)造成極(ji)(ji)板(ban)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損失。但其缺點(dian)是，在(zai)剛開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)積變化收縮太快，影響活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)強度(du)，致使(shi)其脫落。而(er)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)又過(guo)小，使(shi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)深處的(de)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)得不(bu)(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。所(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)一般只(zhi)適用于(yu)(yu)無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備較簡陋(lou)的(de)特殊(shu)場合，如汽車上蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)式的(de)小蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)采(cai)用等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。采(cai)用等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個(ge)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左(zuo)右，堿性蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個(ge)單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左(zuo)右。

3、有固定(ding)(ding)電(dian)阻的恒定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)而采用(yong)的(de)一種方法(fa)。即在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯(lian)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以(yi)調整。但有(you)時最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制(zhi)，因此(ci)隨充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成為直線(xian)衰減(jian)。有(you)時使用(yong)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在(zai)2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)出氣。

4、階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用較大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經過一段時間改用較小的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，至充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用更(geng)小的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，即不(bu)同階(jie)(jie)段內以不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做(zuo)階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一般可分為兩(liang)個階(jie)(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)，也可分為多個階(jie)(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)。

階(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法所(suo)需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短(duan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也好。由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣減少了氣(qi)泡(pao)對極(ji)板(ban)活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)沖洗(xi)，減少了活(huo)(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)脫落。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所(suo)以是當前常用的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一般蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)以10h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)以20h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)是非，各種(zhong)(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具體要求和(he)標(biao)準不一樣。