1、恒定電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)

在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)保持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱(cheng)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)下降，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不致因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高而減(jian)小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)必須逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)升(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維(wei)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)不變(bian)(bian)，這對于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的自動化程(cheng)度要求較高，一般簡陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)是不能(neng)滿足恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的。恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大(da)答應的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況(kuang)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間就(jiu)可(ke)以縮(suo)短。若(ruo)從時(shi)間上考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法(fa)有利的。但在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不變(bian)(bian)，這時(shi)由于(yu)大(da)部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)出(chu)氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸騰狀(zhuang)，這不僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而且輕易使極板(ban)上活(huo)性物(wu)質(zhi)大(da)量(liang)脫落，溫升(sheng)過(guo)高，造成(cheng)極板(ban)彎曲，容量(liang)迅速下降而提前報(bao)廢。所以，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少采(cai)用(yong)。

2、恒定電壓(ya)充(chong)電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)(zhong)保持不變，叫(jiao)做恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等(deng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由(you)于恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至(zhi)后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)(zhong)保持一(yi)定(ding)，所以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)當大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超(chao)過正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小(xiao)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)最小(xiao)甚至(zhi)為零。由(you)此(ci)可見，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)優(you)點在(zai)于，可以(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)(da)而(er)(er)造成極板活性(xing)物質脫(tuo)落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損失。但其(qi)缺點是，在(zai)剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性(xing)物質體積變化(hua)收縮太快，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)活性(xing)物質的(de)機械強(qiang)度，致使(shi)(shi)其(qi)脫(tuo)落。而(er)(er)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)又(you)過小(xiao)，使(shi)(shi)極板深處的(de)活性(xing)物質得不到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。所以(yi)這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一(yi)般只適用(yong)(yong)于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)較簡陋(lou)的(de)特殊場(chang)合，如汽車(che)上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號(hao)至(zhi)5號(hao)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)式的(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：酸(suan)性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有固定(ding)電(dian)阻的恒定(ding)電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)而(er)采用的(de)一(yi)種方法(fa)。即在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)以調整。但有時(shi)最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到限制，因(yin)此(ci)隨充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進(jin)行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎成為直(zhi)線(xian)衰減(jian)。有時(shi)使(shi)用兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約在2.4V時(shi)，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減(jian)少出氣。

4、階段等流(liu)充電法(fa)

綜合恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒壓充電法(fa)的(de)特點，蓄電池在充電初期(qi)用較(jiao)大的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過一(yi)段(duan)時間改用較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充電后期(qi)改用更小(xiao)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即(ji)不同(tong)階段(duan)內以不同(tong)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電的(de)方法(fa)，叫做階段(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電法(fa)。階段(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電法(fa)，一(yi)般可(ke)分為兩(liang)個階段(duan)進行(xing)，也可(ke)分為多個階段(duan)進行(xing)。

階(jie)段(duan)等(deng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法所(suo)需充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果(guo)也(ye)好(hao)。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減少了氣泡(pao)對極板活性(xing)物(wu)質的(de)沖洗，減少了活性(xing)物(wu)質的(de)脫落(luo)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法能(neng)延(yan)長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽(shou)命(ming)，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所(suo)以是(shi)當前常用的(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)第一階(jie)段(duan)以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段(duan)以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)是(shi)非，各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)具(ju)體(ti)要求(qiu)和標準不一樣。