1、恒定電流充(chong)電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終保持(chi)不變，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等(deng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，為(wei)保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高而減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)必(bi)須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)始終不變，這(zhe)(zhe)對于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)自動化程(cheng)度要(yao)求(qiu)較高，一般簡陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)是不能滿(man)足恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大(da)(da)答應(ying)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)情況下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時(shi)間上(shang)考(kao)慮，采用(yong)此法(fa)有利(li)的(de)。但在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)仍不變，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)由于(yu)大(da)(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸(fei)騰狀(zhuang)，這(zhe)(zhe)不僅消(xiao)耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且輕易使極(ji)板上(shang)活性(xing)物質(zhi)大(da)(da)量脫落，溫升(sheng)過(guo)高，造成極(ji)板彎曲，容量迅速下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)而提前報(bao)廢。所(suo)以(yi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很(hen)少采用(yong)。

2、恒定(ding)電(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持不(bu)變，叫做(zuo)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由于(yu)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)至后(hou)(hou)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持一定，所以(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相當大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超過(guo)(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但(dan)隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸減(jian)小(xiao)。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)至最小(xiao)甚至為(wei)(wei)(wei)零。由此可(ke)見，采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)在于(yu)，可(ke)以(yi)避(bi)免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)而造成(cheng)極板活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)損失。但(dan)其缺(que)點(dian)(dian)是，在剛開(kai)始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質體(ti)(ti)積變化收(shou)縮太快，影響(xiang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質的(de)(de)機械強度，致(zhi)使其脫落。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)又過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，使極板深處的(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。所以(yi)這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一般只適用(yong)于(yu)無(wu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)較(jiao)簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車上蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)式(shi)的(de)(de)小(xiao)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)等(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.4～2.8V左右(you)，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.6～2.0V左右(you)。

3、有(you)固定電(dian)阻的恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為補(bu)救恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺(que)點而采用的(de)一(yi)種方法。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯(lian)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這(zhe)樣充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以調(diao)整。但有(you)時最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到(dao)限制，因此隨充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎(hu)成(cheng)為直線衰減。有(you)時使(shi)用兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在2.4V時，從(cong)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減少出氣。

4、階段等(deng)流充電(dian)法

綜合恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒壓充(chong)電(dian)法的特點，蓄電(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)初期(qi)(qi)用較大的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)過一(yi)段(duan)時間改用較小的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)電(dian)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)改用更小的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不同(tong)階段(duan)內以(yi)不同(tong)的電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)(xing)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)的方法，叫(jiao)做階段(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法。階段(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)法，一(yi)般可(ke)分為兩個(ge)階段(duan)進行(xing)(xing)，也可(ke)分為多個(ge)階段(duan)進行(xing)(xing)。

階(jie)段等流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果也好。由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)(yong)較小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣減(jian)少了氣泡對極(ji)板活(huo)性(xing)物質的(de)(de)沖洗，減(jian)少了活(huo)性(xing)物質的(de)(de)脫落(luo)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)能延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，并節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又(you)徹底，所以(yi)是當前(qian)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)般蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)第(di)一(yi)階(jie)段以(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第(di)二(er)階(jie)段以(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)是非，各種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)具體要求和(he)標準不一(yi)樣。