廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量豐富,全省(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量超過1700毫米,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)時程和(he)地(di)(di)區(qu)分(fen)布不(bu)均,年(nian)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)主要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在4—9月(yue),是(shi)各種氣象(xiang)災(zai)害多(duo)(duo)發省(sheng)(sheng)份,主要災(zai)害有暴(bao)雨洪(hong)澇、熱(re)帶氣旋(xuan)、強(qiang)對流(liu)(liu)天氣、臺風、高溫等,災(zai)種多(duo)(duo),災(zai)期長,也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害最嚴重的省(sheng)(sheng)份之一。廣(guang)東(dong)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害頻(pin)發的原因(yin)主要是(shi)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量大(da)且集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),且易(yi)受臺風影響(xiang),多(duo)(duo)暴(bao)雨;地(di)(di)勢低(di)平(ping),珠江(jiang)支流(liu)(liu)眾多(duo)(duo),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積廣(guang)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)氣象(xiang)局“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天氣網(wang)”發布的自1961年(nian)以(yi)來全國(guo)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害氣象(xiang)數據,廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)大(da)部分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害發生頻(pin)率高達(da)50%以(yi)上,廣(guang)東(dong)洪(hong)澇災(zai)害主要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在廣(guang)東(dong)沿海地(di)(di)區(qu)和(he)珠江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域。
廣西地(di)(di)處低(di)緯度(du),北(bei)回歸線(xian)橫貫中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu),屬亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候區(qu),氣候溫(wen)暖,雨水豐沛,暴雨洪澇(lao)、熱帶(dai)氣旋(xuan)、大(da)風、冰雹、雷暴、低(di)溫(wen)冷(凍(dong))害(hai)(hai)氣象(xiang)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)較為常見(jian),也是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)最嚴重的省份之一。廣西洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)頻發(fa)的原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)降水量(liang)大(da),全區(qu)平(ping)均年(nian)降水量(liang)超過1600毫米;受地(di)(di)理(li)條件等因(yin)素(su)影響,廣西降雨時空分布不均,主要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)夏季(ji)主汛期的6~9月(yue)份,降雨強度(du)大(da)、區(qu)域相(xiang)對(dui)集中(zhong)(zhong),洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)頻發(fa);而且山地(di)(di)丘陵(ling)多,受地(di)(di)勢和(he)喀斯特(te)地(di)(di)貌等原(yuan)因(yin)影響,西江、桂江、柳江等河流眾多。據中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)氣象(xiang)局“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)天氣網”發(fa)布的自1961年(nian)以來(lai)全國(guo)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)氣象(xiang)數據,廣西東南部(bu)、廣西北(bei)部(bu)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)頻率高(gao)達(da)50%以上,廣西中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)頻率在(zai)30%-50%,其余地(di)(di)區(qu)洪澇(lao)災(zai)(zai)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)頻率在(zai)10%-30%。
江西(xi)位于(yu)長(chang)江以(yi)(yi)南,是一個地形復雜(za)、氣候(hou)濕潤的(de)地區(qu),多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降雨量(liang)1600毫(hao)米,且降水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4-6月,這時期易發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害,也是中(zhong)國(guo)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害最多的(de)省(sheng)份(fen)之(zhi)一。江西(xi)全(quan)省(sheng)97.7%的(de)面積屬于(yu)長(chang)江流(liu)域,境內水(shui)(shui)網(wang)密布縱橫,湖泊星(xing)羅棋布;全(quan)境以(yi)(yi)山(shan)地、丘陵為主,三面環山(shan),北部(bu)(bu)地區(qu)平原(yuan)坦(tan)蕩、江湖交織,每年(nian)(nian)汛期,江西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)鄱陽湖均(jun)會出現洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)險情,再加上(shang)近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)全(quan)球氣候(hou)變化的(de)影(ying)響,江西(xi)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害頻(pin)(pin)(pin)繁發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)氣象局“中(zhong)國(guo)天氣網(wang)”發(fa)(fa)布的(de)自1961年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來(lai)全(quan)國(guo)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害氣象數據(ju),江西(xi)北部(bu)(bu)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)30%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),尤其是東北部(bu)(bu)和鄱陽湖區(qu),洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率高達50%以(yi)(yi)上(shang);江西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)洪澇(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)災(zai)害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)10%-30%。
海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),屬熱帶季風海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋性氣候(hou),位于北(bei)回歸線以(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),是(shi)同緯度世(shi)界上降雨量(liang)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)的地區之(zhi)一,平均年雨量(liang)超過1600毫米,東部多(duo)雨區約(yue)2000-2400毫米,洪(hong)澇(lao)、臺風、旱等(deng)氣候(hou)災(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)繁(fan),也是(shi)中國(guo)洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)害(hai)最(zui)(zui)嚴重(zhong)的省(sheng)份之(zhi)一。由于海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)島(dao)所處的地理位置以(yi)及海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)水系(xi)的特點,造成(cheng)了海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)島(dao)經(jing)常遭(zao)受洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)害(hai),素有“臺風走(zou)廊”之(zhi)稱。再加上海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)島(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)島(dao)原(yuan)因,境內河流短小,湖泊少,蓄水量(liang)不足,易發生(sheng)洪(hong)水災(zai)害(hai)。據中國(guo)氣象局“中國(guo)天(tian)氣網”發布(bu)的自(zi)1961年以(yi)來全國(guo)洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)害(hai)氣象數(shu)據,海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)全島(dao)洪(hong)澇(lao)災(zai)害(hai)發生(sheng)頻(pin)率高達50%以(yi)上。
浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)地處(chu)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)中(zhong)部(bu),屬季風性濕(shi)潤氣候,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)豐沛,年(nian)(nian)均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)在1100-2000毫米之(zhi)間,且降(jiang)水(shui)集(ji)中(zhong),5月、6月為集(ji)中(zhong)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)期,受(shou)西風帶(dai)(dai)和東風帶(dai)(dai)天氣系統(tong)的雙重影(ying)(ying)響,氣象災害(hai)繁多(duo),是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)受(shou)臺(tai)風、暴雨(yu)(yu)、干旱、洪澇(lao)(lao)等災害(hai)影(ying)(ying)響較為嚴重的地區之(zhi)一。 除(chu)了降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)且集(ji)中(zhong)外(wai),浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)洪澇(lao)(lao)災害(hai)嚴重的主(zhu)要原因是(shi)受(shou)梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)和臺(tai)風影(ying)(ying)響,境(jing)內(nei)河流眾多(duo),地形復雜。據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)氣象局“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)天氣網”發(fa)(fa)布的自1961年(nian)(nian)以來(lai)全國(guo)(guo)洪澇(lao)(lao)災害(hai)氣象數據(ju),浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)沿海以及浙(zhe)(zhe)贛(gan)皖交界處(chu)洪澇(lao)(lao)災害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)率高達(da)50%以上,浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)南部(bu)洪澇(lao)(lao)災害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)率在30%-50%,而浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)北部(bu)洪澇(lao)(lao)災害(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)率在10%-30%。
湖(hu)南地(di)處長江(jiang)中(zhong)游,屬亞(ya)熱帶季風濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)候,年平均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1200-1800毫米,且雨量(liang)(liang)集(ji)中(zhong)在(zai)4-7月;境(jing)內河網(wang)(wang)密布(bu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)系發達(da),湘江(jiang)、資水(shui)(shui)(shui)、沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)澧水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)四大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系覆蓋全省,洞(dong)(dong)庭湖(hu)是全國(guo)(guo)第(di)二(er)大(da)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)。湖(hu)南是全國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)比較嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)省份(fen)之一,主要氣(qi)象(xiang)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)有暴雨、臺風、干旱、高(gao)溫(wen)、低溫(wen)雨雪冰(bing)凍等(deng),也是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)省份(fen)。除了降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)且集(ji)中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)系發達(da)外,湖(hu)南洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)頻繁原因還與地(di)形(xing)有關,湖(hu)南地(di)勢三面(mian)環山(shan),西高(gao)東低,這種地(di)形(xing)導致雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)迅速匯集(ji)。再(zai)加上洞(dong)(dong)庭湖(hu)圍湖(hu)造田,生態環境(jing)破壞(huai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong),湖(hu)南洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)頻發。據中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)氣(qi)象(xiang)局“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)天氣(qi)網(wang)(wang)”發布(bu)的(de)自1961年以(yi)來全國(guo)(guo)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣(qi)象(xiang)數據,湖(hu)南北部洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發生頻率在(zai)30%-50%,其余地(di)區洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發生頻率在(zai)10%-30%。
安(an)徽(hui)也(ye)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)最(zui)嚴重(zhong)的(de)省份之一,尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是歷史上黃河(he)奪淮(huai),造成淮(huai)河(he)流域(yu)泥沙淤積,河(he)床(chuang)太高(gao)(gao),淮(huai)河(he)流域(yu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)。安(an)徽(hui)省地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)長(chang)江流域(yu)和淮(huai)河(he)流域(yu)兩(liang)大(da)水系,屬于溫(wen)帶與(yu)亞熱帶的(de)過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),夏天雨水集中(zhong),年降雨700-1700毫(hao)米。安(an)徽(hui)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)主要(yao)集中(zhong)在長(chang)江流域(yu)的(de)南(nan)部(bu)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),據(ju)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)氣象局“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)天氣網”發(fa)布的(de)自(zi)1961年以來(lai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)氣象數據(ju),安(an)徽(hui)南(nan)部(bu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率在30%以上,尤(you)其(qi)(qi)是浙贛皖交界地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率高(gao)(gao)達(da)50%以上,安(an)徽(hui)北部(bu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率在10%-30%。在全(quan)省來(lai)看,安(an)徽(hui)北部(bu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率低于其(qi)(qi)他地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),但安(an)徽(hui)北部(bu)由于歷史原(yuan)因(yin),這(zhe)里曾是黃泛(fan)區(qu),雖經新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)治理(li),這(zhe)里仍保(bao)留了很多(duo)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)區(qu),也(ye)是安(an)徽(hui)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)澇(lao)(lao)災(zai)害(hai)高(gao)(gao)發(fa)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)。
臺(tai)灣是中(zhong)國降水量最多(duo)的省份(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),平均年降雨量超(chao)過2500毫米,降水量分布(bu)自(zi)中(zhong)部山地(di)向(xiang)兩(liang)邊遞減,東部大于西(xi)部,而且多(duo)臺(tai)風暴(bao)雨,降水集中(zhong)在5-10月,易發(fa)生滑(hua)坡(po)、泥石流災害(hai),再加上海島(dao)地(di)形原(yuan)因,山高坡(po)陡,也是中(zhong)國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災害(hai)較嚴重的省份(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)。據(ju)中(zhong)國氣象(xiang)局“中(zhong)國天氣網”發(fa)布(bu)的自(zi)1961年以來全(quan)國洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災害(hai)氣象(xiang)數(shu)據(ju),臺(tai)灣全(quan)島(dao)洪(hong)(hong)澇(lao)災害(hai)發(fa)生頻(pin)率在30%-50%。
四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)位于青藏高原和(he)華(hua)南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶,地(di)(di)(di)處地(di)(di)(di)震帶和(he)洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)易發區(qu)(qu),氣候屬于亞熱帶季風氣候,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量大(da),四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量一(yi)般(ban)900-1200mm,川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)西南山地(di)(di)(di)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量800-1200mm,降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)集中(zhong)在夏季5月到9月,水(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu),境內共有大(da)小河流近1400條。尤其四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低(di)洼,排水(shui)(shui)不(bu)暢,易發生(sheng)洪(hong)(hong)澇。受(shou)復雜地(di)(di)(di)形、豐(feng)富(fu)水(shui)(shui)汽(qi)、多重(zhong)系統(tong)等綜合影響,四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)汛期暴雨多發、頻(pin)發,是四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)最嚴重(zhong)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)成為中(zhong)國洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)較嚴重(zhong)的(de)省份。據(ju)中(zhong)國氣象(xiang)局(ju)“中(zhong)國天(tian)氣網”發布的(de)自1961年以來(lai)全國洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)氣象(xiang)數據(ju),四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)尤其是成都平原地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)頻(pin)率高達(da)50%以上;四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)東部地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇災(zai)害(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)頻(pin)率達(da)30%~50%,川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)西地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)洪(hong)(hong)澇發生(sheng)頻(pin)率低(di)于1%。
遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)是我國(guo)洪澇(lao)災害(hai)(hai)頻發(fa)(fa)的(de)省(sheng)份之一,據(ju)MAIGOO小編統計,遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)自有(you)連(lian)續資料記載以來的(de)200多年,全省(sheng)共發(fa)(fa)生洪水(shui)災害(hai)(hai)139次(ci),其中特大洪水(shui)災害(hai)(hai)19次(ci)。據(ju)中國(guo)氣(qi)象局“中國(guo)天氣(qi)網”發(fa)(fa)布的(de)自1961年以來全國(guo)洪澇(lao)災害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)象數據(ju),遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)東部地區洪澇(lao)發(fa)(fa)生頻率達30%~50%,尤其是局部地區洪澇(lao)災害(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生頻率高達50%以上;而(er)遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)省(sheng)其他(ta)地區洪澇(lao)發(fa)(fa)生頻率在10%-30%。