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伺服電機行業簡介

一、伺服電機的工作原理

伺服電機是常用電機的一種，它是一種絕對服從控制信號指揮的電機，設計用于精確定位而不是可控速。伺服電機一般由定子和轉子構成，定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差90°電角度，內部的電流、角度、偏心度等信號，通過一根電纜連接于伺服器，伺服器以此來修正對伺服電機的驅動信號。由于服電機本身具備發出脈沖的功能，伺服主要靠脈沖來定位，伺服電機每旋轉一個角度，都會發出對應數量的脈沖，這樣，和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應，或者叫閉環，如此一來，系統就會知道發了多少脈沖給伺服電機，同時又收了多少脈沖回來，這樣，就能夠很精確的控制電機的轉動，從而實現精確的定位，可以達到0.001mm。如果您需要購買伺服電機，可以先來了解一下伺服電機十大品牌。

二、伺服電機驅動器的作用和功能

伺服電(dian)機驅動(dong)器(qi)(qi)，簡稱伺服驅動(dong)器(qi)(qi)，屬于伺服系(xi)統(tong)的一(yi)部分，主要應用于高精(jing)度(du)的定位(wei)系(xi)統(tong)，是用來控制伺服電(dian)機的一(yi)種(zhong)控制器(qi)(qi)，它(ta)的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)細分的話有很多種(zhong)，包括：1、參(can)數分組化設置、控制模式再(zai)線任意切換。2、控制電(dian)源交(jiao)流(liu)輸入、可設置的寬電(dian)壓(ya)輸入。3、瞬間掉電(dian)快速停機保護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。4、再(zai)生(sheng)制動(dong)、動(dong)態制動(dong)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。5、絕對(dui)值系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)壓(ya)監(jian)控，低(di)壓(ya)警告(gao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。6、調(diao)試軟件支(zhi)持參(can)數管理、監(jian)控、示波器(qi)(qi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。

三、伺服電機控制方式的三種基本形式

伺(si)服(fu)電機(ji)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)主要有三種(zhong)，分別是(shi)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)控制(zhi)(zhi)、位(wei)(wei)置控制(zhi)(zhi)和速(su)(su)度模(mo)式(shi)：1、轉(zhuan)矩(ju)控制(zhi)(zhi)：轉(zhuan)矩(ju)控制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)外(wai)部模(mo)擬(ni)量的(de)輸(shu)入或直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)地址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)賦值來(lai)(lai)設(she)定(ding)電機(ji)軸對(dui)外(wai)的(de)輸(shu)出轉(zhuan)矩(ju)的(de)大小(xiao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)即時(shi)的(de)改變(bian)模(mo)擬(ni)量的(de)設(she)定(ding)來(lai)(lai)改變(bian)設(she)定(ding)的(de)力矩(ju)大小(xiao)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)訊方式(shi)改變(bian)對(dui)應的(de)地址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)數值來(lai)(lai)實(shi)現。2、位(wei)(wei)置控制(zhi)(zhi) 位(wei)(wei)置控制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式(shi)一般(ban)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)外(wai)部輸(shu)入的(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)頻率(lv)來(lai)(lai)確定(ding)轉(zhuan)動(dong)速(su)(su)度的(de)大小(xiao)，通(tong)過(guo)脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)個數來(lai)(lai)確定(ding)轉(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)角度，也(ye)有些(xie)伺(si)服(fu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)訊方式(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)對(dui)速(su)(su)度和位(wei)(wei)移進行(xing)賦值。3、速(su)(su)度模(mo)式(shi)：通(tong)過(guo)模(mo)擬(ni)量的(de)輸(shu)入或脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)頻率(lv)都(dou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)轉(zhuan)動(dong)速(su)(su)度的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)，在有上位(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)裝置的(de)外(wai)環PID控制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)速(su)(su)度模(mo)式(shi)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)進行(xing)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)，但必須(xu)把電機(ji)的(de)位(wei)(wei)置信(xin)號(hao)或直(zhi)接(jie)負載的(de)位(wei)(wei)置信(xin)號(hao)給上位(wei)(wei)反饋以(yi)做運算(suan)用(yong)。

四、伺服電機和步進電機的區別

步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都(dou)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兩(liang)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較起來有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)區別：1、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸后(hou)端(duan)的(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)編(bian)碼器保證，是步(bu)(bu)距角為(wei)1.8°的(de)(de)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)脈沖(chong)當量的(de)(de)1/655。2、低(di)(di)頻(pin)特性不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)低(di)(di)速時易(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)低(di)(di)頻(pin)振動(dong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，振動(dong)頻(pin)率與負(fu)載情況和(he)驅(qu)動(dong)器性能(neng)(neng)有(you)關；伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)非常平(ping)穩，即使在(zai)低(di)(di)速時也不(bu)(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)振動(dong)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。3、矩頻(pin)特性不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)力(li)矩隨轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速升高(gao)而(er)下降，且在(zai)較高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速時會急劇下降；伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)恒(heng)力(li)矩輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)，在(zai)額(e)(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速內(nei)都(dou)能(neng)(neng)輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)額(e)(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩。4、過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)具有(you)過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力(li)，伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)較強的(de)(de)過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)力(li)，具有(you)速度(du)(du)過(guo)載和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩過(guo)載功能(neng)(neng)。5、運行(xing)性能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)開環控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，啟動(dong)頻(pin)率過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)負(fu)載過(guo)大(da)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)丟(diu)步(bu)(bu)或(huo)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，停止(zhi)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速過(guo)高(gao)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)；伺(si)服(fu)(fu)驅(qu)動(dong)系統(tong)為(wei)閉(bi)環控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)丟(diu)步(bu)(bu)或(huo)過(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性能(neng)(neng)更為(wei)可(ke)靠。6、速度(du)(du)響應性能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong) 步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從靜止(zhi)加(jia)速到工作(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速（一(yi)般為(wei)每(mei)分鐘幾(ji)百轉(zhuan)(zhuan)）需要200～400毫秒；伺(si)服(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)速性能(neng)(neng)較好(hao)，從靜止(zhi)加(jia)速到其額(e)(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速3000RPM僅需幾(ji)毫秒。