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伺服電機行業簡介

一、伺服電機的工作原理

伺服電機是常用電機的一種，它是一種絕對服從控制信號指揮的電機，設計用于精確定位而不是可控速。伺服電機一般由定子和轉子構成，定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差90°電角度，內部的電流、角度、偏心度等信號，通過一根電纜連接于伺服器，伺服器以此來修正對伺服電機的驅動信號。由于服電機本身具備發出脈沖的功能，伺服主要靠脈沖來定位，伺服電機每旋轉一個角度，都會發出對應數量的脈沖，這樣，和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應，或者叫閉環，如此一來，系統就會知道發了多少脈沖給伺服電機，同時又收了多少脈沖回來，這樣，就能夠很精確的控制電機的轉動，從而實現精確的定位，可以達到0.001mm。如果您需要購買伺服電機，可以先來了解一下伺服電機十大品牌。

二、伺服電機驅動器的作用和功能

伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動器(qi)(qi)，簡稱伺(si)服(fu)驅動器(qi)(qi)，屬于伺(si)服(fu)系統(tong)的(de)一部分(fen)，主要應(ying)用于高(gao)精度的(de)定位系統(tong)，是用來控制伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)一種控制器(qi)(qi)，它的(de)功(gong)能(neng)細分(fen)的(de)話有很多種，包括：1、參(can)數分(fen)組化(hua)設置、控制模式再線(xian)任意切換。2、控制電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)交流輸入、可設置的(de)寬(kuan)電(dian)(dian)壓輸入。3、瞬(shun)間掉電(dian)(dian)快(kuai)速停機(ji)保護功(gong)能(neng)。4、再生制動、動態制動功(gong)能(neng)。5、絕對值系統(tong)電(dian)(dian)壓監控，低壓警告功(gong)能(neng)。6、調試軟(ruan)件支持參(can)數管理、監控、示波器(qi)(qi)功(gong)能(neng)。

三、伺服電機控制方式的三種基本形式

伺服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)主要有(you)三種，分別是轉矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和速(su)度(du)(du)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)：1、轉矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)：轉矩(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)是通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)(wai)部模擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)或(huo)(huo)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦(fu)值來(lai)設(she)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)軸對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出轉矩(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，可以通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)即時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變(bian)模擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)來(lai)改變(bian)設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)大(da)(da)小，也(ye)可通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)改變(bian)對(dui)(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數值來(lai)實現。2、位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)是通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)外(wai)(wai)部輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)轉動(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)數來(lai)確定(ding)(ding)轉動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)，也(ye)有(you)些伺服可以通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)訊(xun)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)直接對(dui)(dui)速(su)度(du)(du)和位(wei)(wei)移進(jin)行(xing)(xing)賦(fu)值。3、速(su)度(du)(du)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)模擬量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)或(huo)(huo)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)都可以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉動(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，在有(you)上(shang)位(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)環(huan)PID控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)時速(su)度(du)(du)模式(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)可以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)，但必須把電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置信號(hao)或(huo)(huo)直接負(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置信號(hao)給上(shang)位(wei)(wei)反饋以做(zuo)運(yun)算用。

四、伺服電機和步進電機的區別

步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都(dou)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較起來有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別：1、控制精度(du)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制精度(du)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸后端的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)編碼器保證(zheng)，是(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)距角為(wei)1.8°的(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)當量的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/655。2、低(di)頻(pin)(pin)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)低(di)速(su)(su)時易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)低(di)頻(pin)(pin)振動(dong)(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，振動(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)與負(fu)載情況(kuang)和驅動(dong)(dong)器性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)有關；伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)非常平穩，即使在(zai)低(di)速(su)(su)時也不(bu)(bu)會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)振動(dong)(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象。3、矩頻(pin)(pin)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出力(li)矩隨轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)升高而下降(jiang)，且在(zai)較高轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)時會(hui)急劇下降(jiang)；伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)恒力(li)矩輸出，在(zai)額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)內都(dou)能(neng)輸出額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩。4、過(guo)(guo)載能(neng)力(li)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)有過(guo)(guo)載能(neng)力(li)，伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)有較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)載能(neng)力(li)，具(ju)(ju)有速(su)(su)度(du)過(guo)(guo)載和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩過(guo)(guo)載功(gong)能(neng)。5、運(yun)行性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制為(wei)開環控制，啟動(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)過(guo)(guo)高或(huo)(huo)負(fu)載過(guo)(guo)大易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，停(ting)止時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)過(guo)(guo)高易(yi)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象；伺(si)(si)(si)服驅動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統為(wei)閉(bi)環控制，一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)出現(xian)(xian)(xian)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象，控制性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)更為(wei)可靠。6、速(su)(su)度(du)響應性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong) 步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從靜止加(jia)速(su)(su)到工作轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)（一般(ban)為(wei)每(mei)分鐘幾百(bai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)）需要200～400毫秒；伺(si)(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)較好，從靜止加(jia)速(su)(su)到其額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)3000RPM僅需幾毫秒。