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伺服電機行業簡介

一、伺服電機的工作原理

伺服電機是常用電機的一種，它是一種絕對服從控制信號指揮的電機，設計用于精確定位而不是可控速。伺服電機一般由定子和轉子構成，定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差90°電角度，內部的電流、角度、偏心度等信號，通過一根電纜連接于伺服器，伺服器以此來修正對伺服電機的驅動信號。由于服電機本身具備發出脈沖的功能，伺服主要靠脈沖來定位，伺服電機每旋轉一個角度，都會發出對應數量的脈沖，這樣，和伺服電機接受的脈沖形成了呼應，或者叫閉環，如此一來，系統就會知道發了多少脈沖給伺服電機，同時又收了多少脈沖回來，這樣，就能夠很精確的控制電機的轉動，從而實現精確的定位，可以達到0.001mm。如果您需要購買伺服電機，可以先來了解一下伺服電機十大品牌。

二、伺服電機驅動器的作用和功能

伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動器(qi)(qi)，簡稱(cheng)伺服驅動器(qi)(qi)，屬于伺服系(xi)統的一(yi)部分(fen)，主要應用于高精度的定(ding)位系(xi)統，是(shi)用來控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的一(yi)種(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，它的功(gong)能(neng)細分(fen)的話(hua)有很多種(zhong)，包括：1、參(can)數分(fen)組(zu)化(hua)設置、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模式(shi)再(zai)線任意切換。2、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)交流輸(shu)入、可設置的寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓輸(shu)入。3、瞬間掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)快速(su)停機(ji)保護功(gong)能(neng)。4、再(zai)生制(zhi)(zhi)動、動態制(zhi)(zhi)動功(gong)能(neng)。5、絕對值系(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓監控(kong)，低(di)壓警告(gao)功(gong)能(neng)。6、調試軟件(jian)支持參(can)數管理、監控(kong)、示波器(qi)(qi)功(gong)能(neng)。

三、伺服電機控制方式的三種基本形式

伺服電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式主(zhu)要有(you)三種，分別是(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)模(mo)式：1、轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)外部模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)或直接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)賦值來設(she)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)機軸對(dui)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)，可以(yi)通過(guo)即時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改變模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)(ding)來改變設(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩(ju)(ju)大(da)小(xiao)，也(ye)(ye)可通過(guo)通訊(xun)方式改變對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數值來實現。2、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)式一般是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)外部輸入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)來確定(ding)(ding)轉(zhuan)動(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)，通過(guo)脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)個數來確定(ding)(ding)轉(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)，也(ye)(ye)有(you)些伺服可以(yi)通過(guo)通訊(xun)方式直接(jie)對(dui)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和位(wei)(wei)移進(jin)(jin)行(xing)賦值。3、速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)模(mo)式：通過(guo)模(mo)擬(ni)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)或脈沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)都可以(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)轉(zhuan)動(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在有(you)上位(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外環PID控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)模(mo)式也(ye)(ye)可以(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)定(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)，但必須(xu)把(ba)電(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號或直接(jie)負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號給上位(wei)(wei)反饋以(yi)做運算用。

四、伺服電機和步進電機的區別

步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)起來有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別：1、控(kong)制精(jing)度不(bu)同(tong)：伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制精(jing)度由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸后(hou)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)編碼器保證(zheng)，是步(bu)距(ju)角為1.8°的(de)(de)(de)(de)步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)當量的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/655。2、低(di)頻特性(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)低(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)低(di)頻振動現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，振動頻率與負載(zai)情況和驅動器性(xing)(xing)能有關；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)非常平穩，即使在(zai)低(di)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)也不(bu)會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)振動現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。3、矩頻特性(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)力(li)(li)矩隨轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)升高(gao)(gao)而下(xia)降，且在(zai)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)會急劇下(xia)降；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為恒力(li)(li)矩輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)，在(zai)額(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)內都能輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)額(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩。4、過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)能力(li)(li)不(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一般(ban)不(bu)具(ju)有過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)能力(li)(li)，伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)有較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)能力(li)(li)，具(ju)有速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)功(gong)能。5、運行性(xing)(xing)能不(bu)同(tong)：步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制為開環控(kong)制，啟動頻率過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)或(huo)負載(zai)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)丟(diu)步(bu)或(huo)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，停(ting)止(zhi)時(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)易(yi)(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)；伺(si)服(fu)驅動系(xi)統為閉環控(kong)制，一般(ban)不(bu)會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)丟(diu)步(bu)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，控(kong)制性(xing)(xing)能更(geng)為可靠。6、速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度響應性(xing)(xing)能不(bu)同(tong) 步(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從(cong)靜止(zhi)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)到(dao)工作轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)（一般(ban)為每分鐘幾百轉(zhuan)(zhuan)）需(xu)要200～400毫秒；伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)能較(jiao)好，從(cong)靜止(zhi)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)到(dao)其額(e)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)3000RPM僅(jin)需(xu)幾毫秒。