一、頻譜分析儀的主要功能
頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)儀，又稱頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)儀，是(shi)一種(zhong)多用途的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)測量儀器，它是(shi)研究電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)儀器，用于信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)失真(zhen)度(du)、調(diao)制度(du)、譜(pu)(pu)(pu)純度(du)、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)穩定(ding)度(du)和(he)交調(diao)失真(zhen)等信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)參數的(de)(de)(de)測量。頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)儀可(ke)以顯示(shi)(shi)被測信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)、幅度(du)、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)，其(qi)主要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)就是(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)，對信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)和(he)功(gong)率(lv)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)測試(shi)和(he)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)，并(bing)以模擬方式(shi)或數字方式(shi)顯示(shi)(shi)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)結果，現代頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)儀能(neng)分析(xi)(xi)(xi)1赫以下的(de)(de)(de)甚(shen)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)到(dao)亞(ya)毫米波段的(de)(de)(de)全部無線電(dian)(dian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)段的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。此外(wai)，頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)儀還(huan)可(ke)以測量整個(ge)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)范圍內輸入(ru)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)與頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)變化情(qing)況(kuang)，其(qi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)用途是(shi)測量已知(zhi)和(he)未知(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)功(gong)率(lv)，在(zai)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)里顯示(shi)(shi)輸入(ru)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)特(te)性，是(shi)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)域(yu)內的(de)(de)(de)示(shi)(shi)波器。
二、頻譜儀多少錢一臺
頻譜分析儀是精密儀器，價格比較貴，除了部分手持便攜式頻譜分析儀幾百上千元就能搞定外，大部分價格普遍在兩千元以上，貴的甚至有十幾萬、幾十萬元一臺的，具體價格要看頻譜儀的種類型號、性能參數、生產廠家等因素。如果買二手的話，價格會便宜不少。在選擇頻譜分析儀時，要注意綜合考慮多方面的因素，包括頻率范圍、底噪、突波噪聲、諧波、相位噪聲、三階交互調變、動態范圍等，另外，注意選擇一個好的頻譜儀品牌廠家。
三、頻譜儀的使用方法
1、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)Power On鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開機。2、開機三十(shi)分(fen)鐘(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行自動(dong)校準(zhun)，先按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)Shift+7（cal），之后(hou)(hou)(hou)再按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)cal all，這(zhe)個過程(cheng)一般(ban)會(hui)持續三分(fen)鐘(zhong)左(zuo)右。3、校準(zhun)好(hao)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)設置(zhi)中心頻(pin)率(lv)數值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)FREQ鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)下(xia)FREQ鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之后(hou)(hou)(hou)我們會(hui)看到(dao)顯示的(de)(de)(de)數值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)。4、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)Span鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，之后(hou)(hou)(hou)輸入(ru)(ru)掃描(miao)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)寬度(du)(du)大(da)概值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)入(ru)(ru)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)。5、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)Level鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，輸入(ru)(ru)功率(lv)參考(kao)電平REF的(de)(de)(de)數值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)入(ru)(ru)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)。6、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)REF offset on，輸入(ru)(ru)接頭損耗、線損耗以及儀器之間的(de)(de)(de)誤差值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。7、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)BW鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，分(fen)別設置(zhi)分(fen)辨帶寬RBW和(he)視頻(pin)寬度(du)(du)VBW。8、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)Sweep鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，再按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)SWP TIme AUTO/MNL輸入(ru)(ru)掃描(miao)時間周期(qi)，鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)入(ru)(ru)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)。9、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)shift+Recall鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，將(jiang)設置(zhi)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息保(bao)存。10、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)recall鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，選擇需調(diao)用信(xin)息的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)ENTER，將(jiang)需要的(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)信(xin)息調(diao)出來(lai)。11、按(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)PK SRCH鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，通過Mark鍵(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可(ke)讀出峰值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，之后(hou)(hou)(hou)可(ke)以判斷峰值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是不是合格(ge)。
四、頻譜儀和示波器的區別
1、適用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)類型(xing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：示波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)途用(yong)來觀(guan)察信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)域(yu)特(te)性(xing)（也就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)換特(te)性(xing)）。頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)針對(dui)射(she)(she)頻(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)（尤其是(shi)帶了(le)調制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復雜信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)或(huo)(huo)者多(duo)(duo)頻(pin)(pin)率信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)在(zai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)軸上(shang)幾(ji)乎(hu)看(kan)不(bu)出任何規(gui)律(lv)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。2、測量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶寬(kuan)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：示波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于觀(guan)察基帶信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以一(yi)(yi)般來說帶寬(kuan)都不(bu)是(shi)很寬(kuan)；頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)以分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)載(zai)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)及調制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)(she)頻(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，所以頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率范(fan)圍通(tong)常要(yao)寬(kuan)很多(duo)(duo)。3、測量(liang)內(nei)容不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：示波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)觀(guan)察的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)壓(ya)隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)換，所以通(tong)常看(kan)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)正弦波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、方(fang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、比特(te)流等(deng)，關注電(dian)壓(ya)、周期、上(shang)升、下(xia)降(jiang)沿、過(guo)沖、毛刺以及多(duo)(duo)路信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)序等(deng)特(te)征。頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)看(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)射(she)(she)頻(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率、頻(pin)(pin)率、失(shi)真（諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和互調產物）、調制(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶寬(kuan)、泄漏到相鄰信(xin)(xin)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小、噪聲測試以及復雜調制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深入分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)（調制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、IQ星座(zuo)圖、調制(zhi)(zhi)誤差等(deng)等(deng)）。4、靈(ling)敏(min)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：示波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)看(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)基帶信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)并通(tong)過(guo)傳導(dao)方(fang)式(shi)連接，信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)幅度(du)一(yi)(yi)般都較強，在(zai)幾(ji)伏，十(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)幾(ji)或(huo)(huo)百分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)幾(ji)伏（功率在(zai)毫瓦(wa)級）。頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)很多(duo)(duo)時(shi)(shi)候需要(yao)測量(liang)發射(she)(she)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)或(huo)(huo)從空中接受到的(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)(she)頻(pin)(pin)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，功率往(wang)往(wang)比1毫瓦(wa)還低(di)數個甚至十(shi)(shi)幾(ji)個十(shi)(shi)次方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，換算(suan)過(guo)來就(jiu)是(shi)幾(ji)微伏甚至更低(di)。5、動態范(fan)圍不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)：示波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)在(zai)觀(guan)測一(yi)(yi)個主(zhu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)刻度(du)在(zai)伏特(te)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，能方(fang)便觀(guan)察的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細微信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)或(huo)(huo)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)動在(zai)零(ling)點幾(ji)或(huo)(huo)零(ling)點零(ling)幾(ji)伏；頻(pin)(pin)譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)儀(yi)(yi)可以同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)觀(guan)測的(de)(de)(de)(de)小信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)可以是(shi)大信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)百萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，千萬(wan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，一(yi)(yi)億分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
