工程機械是裝備工(gong)業(ye)的重要組(zu)成部分。概(gai)括(kuo)地(di)說,凡土石方施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程、路面建設與養護(hu)、流(liu)動式起重裝(zhuang)卸(xie)作業和各種建筑工(gong)(gong)程所需的(de)綜合性機(ji)械(xie)化施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程所必需的(de)機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)備,稱為工(gong)(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)。它主要用(yong)于國(guo)防建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)、交通運輸建(jian)設(she),能源工(gong)業建(jian)設(she)和(he)生產、礦山等原(yuan)材料工(gong)業建(jian)設(she)和(he)生產、農林水利建(jian)設(she)、工(gong)業與民用(yong)建(jian)筑、城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)設(she)、環境保護等領域。在(zai)世(shi)界各國,對這(zhe)個行業(ye)的稱(cheng)(cheng)謂基(ji)本雷同,其中美國和英國稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)機械與(yu)設(she)備(bei),德國稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)機械與(yu)裝(zhuang)置,俄羅斯稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)筑(zhu)(zhu)路機械,日本稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)建(jian)設(she)機(ji)械(xie)。在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)部分產品也稱為建(jian)設機(ji)械(xie),而在(zai)機(ji)械(xie)系統根(gen)據國(guo)務(wu)院組建(jian)該(gai)行業批文時(shi)統稱為工程機(ji)械(xie),一直延續到現在(zai)。各(ge)國(guo)對(dui)該(gai)行業劃(hua)定產品范圍(wei)大致相同,中國工(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)與(yu)其他各國比較還(huan)增加了鐵路線路工(gong)程機(ji)械(xie)、叉(cha)車與(yu)工(gong)業搬運車輛(liang)、裝修機(ji)械(xie)、電梯、風動工(gong)具等行業。
中國工程機械行業產品范圍主要從通用設(she)備(bei)制造專業(ye)和專用設(she)備(bei)制造業(ye)大類中分列出來。1979年由(you)國(guo)家計委和第一機(ji)械工業(ye)部對中國(guo)工程(cheng)機(ji)械行業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)編制了(le)“七五”發展(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃,產(chan)品范圍涵蓋了工(gong)程機(ji)械大行業(ye)(ye)18大類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),并在“七五”發展規劃(hua)后的歷(li)次國(guo)家機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)規劃(hua)都確(que)認了工(gong)程機(ji)械這18大類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)范圍(wei)一直(zhi)延續至(zhi)今。這18大類產品,包括挖(wa)掘機械(xie),鏟(chan)土(tu)(tu)運輸(shu)機械(xie),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程起重(zhong)機械(xie),工(gong)(gong)(gong)業車輛,壓實機械(xie),樁工(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie),混凝土(tu)(tu)機械(xie),鋼筋(jin)及預應(ying)力機械(xie),裝(zhuang)修機械(xie),鑿巖機械(xie),氣(qi)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)具,鐵路路線(xian)機(ji)械,軍(jun)用工程機(ji)械,電梯(ti)與(yu)扶梯(ti),工程機(ji)械專用零部件等。