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相關典故

滄海(hai)桑田：來(lai)自麻姑所(suo)述“曾(ceng)見東海(hai)三次變為桑田”。

麻姑獻(xian)壽(shou)：傳(chuan)說有三(san)月三(san)日西王母壽(shou)辰(chen)，麻姑于絳珠河邊(bian)以靈芝(zhi)釀酒祝壽(shou)的(de)故事(shi)。過去(qu)中(zhong)國民間為女性祝壽(shou)多贈(zeng)麻姑像，取(qu)名麻姑獻(xian)壽(shou)。

相關記載

東(dong)晉時期(qi)，《神仙傳·王(wang)遠》記(ji)載：“麻姑降于蔡經(jing)(jing)家，自言曾見東(dong)海三次變(bian)為桑田，蓬萊之水也淺于舊時，或許又將變(bian)為平(ping)地。她的手纖細如鳥(niao)爪(zhua)，蔡經(jing)(jing)見后曾想：“背大癢(yang)時，當以此爪(zhua)爬背，當佳(jia)”。”

唐(tang)朝時期(qi)，《撫(fu)州(zhou)南城縣麻(ma)姑(gu)山(shan)仙壇記》也記載了(le)《神仙傳》里麻(ma)姑(gu)的說法，并提到(dao)：“按(an)《圖(tu)經》，南城縣有麻(ma)姑(gu)山(shan)，頂有古壇，相(xiang)傳云麻(ma)姑(gu)于此得道”。

宋朝(chao)時期，《夷(yi)堅丙志·卷(juan)四》記載：“（四川(chuan)）青城(cheng)山相(xiang)去三十(shi)里．有(you)麻姑(gu)洞．相(xiang)傳(chuan)云亦姑(gu)修(xiu)真處(chu)也”。

清朝時(shi)期(qi)，《古今(jin)圖書(shu)集成(cheng)(cheng)·神異(yi)典·卷二百(bai)三十七(qi)·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中引(yin)《登州府志》記載：“按《續文(wen)獻通考》：麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，后趙石(shi)勒時(shi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女(nv)，其(qi)父(fu)猛悍，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)畏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。嘗筑城晝夜不(bu)止(zhi)，雞(ji)鳴(ming)乃息。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢(xian)，有(you)恤民之(zhi)(zhi)心。假作(zuo)雞(ji)鳴(ming)，群(qun)雞(ji)效(xiao)聲，眾工乃止(zhi)。父(fu)覺欲撻之(zhi)(zhi)，女(nv)懼而逃入石(shi)洞(dong)修(xiu)道。后于(yu)城北石(shi)橋(qiao)飛升。追(zhui)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)及。名(ming)其(qi)洞(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：仙(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞(dong)。橋(qiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：望(wang)(wang)仙(xian)橋(qiao)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)在(zai)寧(ning)國府東(dong)，麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗脩(xiu)道于(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，丹灶尚存。又(you)嘗居(ju)建(jian)昌(chang)山(shan)，故(gu)亦(yi)(yi)號麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元(yuan)中，立廟壇側，累(lei)封虛寂沖應真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。夷(yi)堅志曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：劉氏鯉堂前(qian)有(you)大槐(huai)。忽夢一女(nv)官(guan)，自(zi)稱麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此(ci)(ci)(ci)樹脩(xiu)廟，劉漫許(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)寤，異(yi)其(qi)事。后數(shu)日，風雨大作(zuo)。失槐(huai)所在(zai)，即(ji)(ji)詣(yi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟，視槐(huai)已(yi)臥其(qi)前(qian)，重和中賜。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：顯異(yi)。又(you)按，此(ci)(ci)(ci)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”。（麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女(nv)是(shi)東(dong)晉十六(liu)國時(shi)期(qi)后趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋的女(nv)兒，與《神仙(xian)傳(chuan)》里描述的東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)期(qi)降于(yu)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家的女(nv)仙(xian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)秋是(shi)兩(liang)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。）《欽定(ding)(ding)古今(jin)圖書(shu)集成(cheng)(cheng)·子部·神仙(xian)傳(chuan)·王(wang)遠(yuan)》記載：”王(wang)遠(yuan)，字方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)，欲東(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)括蒼山(shan)，過(guo)吳蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家，教其(qi)尸解如蛻蟬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)去十余年，忽還(huan)。語(yu)家言(yan)(yan)七(qi)月七(qi)日，王(wang)君(jun)當(dang)(dang)來(lai)過(guo)，到期(qi)日，方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)乘羽車，駕五(wu)龍，各(ge)異(yi)色。旌(jing)旗導(dao)從(cong)，威(wei)儀赫(he)奕如大將也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)至，坐(zuo)須臾，引(yin)見(jian)(jian)(jian)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)父(fu)兄。因(yin)遣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞，亦(yi)(yi)莫知麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)何(he)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)王(wang)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)敬報久不(bu)行(xing)(xing)，民間今(jin)來(lai)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，想麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能暫(zan)來(lai)否。有(you)頃(qing)，信還(huan)。但聞其(qi)語(yu)，不(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)所使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再(zai)拜不(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)。忽已(yi)五(wu)百(bai)余年，尊卑有(you)序，修(xiu)敬無階，思(si)念久煩(fan)，信承在(zai)彼。登山(shan)巔而先(xian)被(bei)記，當(dang)(dang)按行(xing)(xing)蓬萊(lai)，今(jin)欲暫(zan)往。如是(shi)便還(huan)，還(huan)即(ji)(ji)親覲愿，不(bu)即(ji)(ji)去。如此(ci)(ci)(ci)兩(liang)時(shi)，間麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai)，來(lai)時(shi)亦(yi)(yi)先(xian)聞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)馬聲，既(ji)至從(cong)官(guan)當(dang)(dang)半于(yu)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，亦(yi)(yi)舉家見(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)好(hao)女(nv)子，年十八九許(xu)。頂中作(zuo)髻，余發(fa)垂(chui)至腰(yao)，其(qi)衣有(you)文(wen)章，而非錦繡，光彩耀目，不(bu)可(ke)名(ming)。字皆世(shi)間所無有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，得(de)見(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)為起立，坐(zuo)定(ding)(ding)，各(ge)進行(xing)(xing)廚(chu)金(jin)盤、玉杯(bei)、無限美膳，多是(shi)諸華。而香氣達于(yu)內外。擘(bo)麟脯行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自(zi)言(yan)(yan)接待以(yi)來(lai)，已(yi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)東(dong)海三為桑田，向到蓬萊(lai)水又(you)淺(qian)于(yu)往昔，會時(shi)略(lve)半也(ye)(ye)(ye)。豈(qi)將復為陵陸(lu)乎。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆言(yan)(yan)海中行(xing)(xing)復揚塵也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲見(jian)(jian)(jian)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)母及婦(fu)等，時(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)弟(di)婦(fu)新(xin)產數(shu)十日，麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望(wang)(wang)見(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)知。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)噫，且止(zhi)勿前(qian)。即(ji)(ji)求少許(xu)米來(lai)，得(de)米便以(yi)擲之(zhi)(zhi)，墜地即(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)丹砂。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)年少，吾老矣(yi)，不(bu)喜復作(zuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)狡獪變化也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似鳥爪，蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心中念言(yan)(yan)，背(bei)(bei)癢(yang)時(shi)，得(de)此(ci)(ci)(ci)爪以(yi)爬背(bei)(bei)乃佳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)已(yi)知經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心中念言(yan)(yan)，即(ji)(ji)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)牽經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，鞭之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，麻(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)，神人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。汝何(he)忽謂(wei)其(qi)爪可(ke)以(yi)爬背(bei)(bei)耶(ye)。見(jian)(jian)(jian)鞭著經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)背(bei)(bei)，亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)持鞭者(zhe)(zhe)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)告(gao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，吾鞭不(bu)可(ke)妄得(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“

史料索引

葛(ge)洪（東晉）《神仙傳·王(wang)遠(yuan)》

顏真卿（唐）《撫州(zhou)南(nan)城縣麻姑(gu)山仙(xian)壇記》

洪邁（宋）《夷堅丙志(zhi)·卷四(si)》

永(yong)瑢(rong)等（清）《欽定古今圖書集成·子部·神(shen)仙傳·王(wang)遠》

陳(chen)夢雷（清）《古今圖書(shu)集成·神異典·卷二百三十七·麻姑》