滄海桑田(tian):來自麻姑所(suo)述“曾見東海三次變為桑田(tian)”。
麻(ma)(ma)姑獻壽(shou):傳說有三月三日西王母壽(shou)辰,麻(ma)(ma)姑于絳珠河邊以靈芝釀酒祝壽(shou)的故(gu)事。過去(qu)中國(guo)民間(jian)為女性祝壽(shou)多贈麻(ma)(ma)姑像,取(qu)名麻(ma)(ma)姑獻壽(shou)。
東(dong)晉(jin)時期,《神仙傳·王遠》記(ji)載:“麻姑降于蔡經(jing)家,自言曾見東(dong)海(hai)三次(ci)變為桑田,蓬萊(lai)之(zhi)水也(ye)淺于舊時,或許又將(jiang)變為平地。她的手纖細如鳥爪(zhua)(zhua),蔡經(jing)見后曾想:“背(bei)大癢(yang)時,當以(yi)此爪(zhua)(zhua)爬背(bei),當佳”。”
唐朝(chao)時期,《撫州南城縣麻姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)仙壇記》也(ye)記載了《神(shen)仙傳》里麻姑(gu)(gu)的(de)說法,并提到:“按《圖(tu)經》,南城縣有麻姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan),頂有古(gu)壇,相傳云麻姑(gu)(gu)于此(ci)得道”。
宋朝時期(qi),《夷堅丙志·卷(juan)四(si)》記載:“(四(si)川(chuan))青(qing)城山相去三十(shi)里.有(you)麻姑洞.相傳(chuan)云(yun)亦姑修真處也”。
清朝(chao)時期(qi),《古今(jin)圖書集(ji)成·神異(yi)典·卷二百三十(shi)(shi)七·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中(zhong)引《登州府(fu)志》記(ji)載(zai):“按《續文獻通考(kao)》:麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后趙石勒時麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女(nv),其(qi)(qi)(qi)父猛悍(han),人(ren)(ren)(ren)畏之(zhi)。嘗筑城(cheng)(cheng)晝夜不(bu)(bu)止,雞鳴乃(nai)息。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢(xian),有(you)恤民(min)之(zhi)心(xin)。假(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)雞鳴,群雞效(xiao)聲(sheng),眾工乃(nai)止。父覺欲(yu)(yu)(yu)撻之(zhi),女(nv)懼而(er)(er)逃入石洞修(xiu)道。后于城(cheng)(cheng)北石橋飛升。追者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)及。名(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)洞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):仙姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞。橋曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):望仙橋。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山在寧國府(fu)東(dong),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗脩道于此(ci),丹灶尚存(cun)。又嘗居(ju)建昌山,故(gu)亦(yi)號麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元(yuan)中(zhong),立廟(miao)壇側,累(lei)封(feng)虛寂沖應(ying)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)。夷(yi)堅志曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):劉氏鯉堂前(qian)有(you)大(da)槐。忽(hu)(hu)夢(meng)一女(nv)官(guan),自稱(cheng)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此(ci)樹脩廟(miao),劉漫許之(zhi)。既寤,異(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)。后數日,風雨(yu)大(da)作(zuo)(zuo)。失(shi)槐所在,即(ji)(ji)詣麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟(miao),視槐已(yi)(yi)臥(wo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian),重和中(zhong)賜。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):顯(xian)異(yi)。又按,此(ci)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)兩(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋女(nv)是(shi)(shi)東(dong)晉十(shi)(shi)六國時期(qi)后趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋的(de)女(nv)兒,與(yu)《神仙傳(chuan)》里描(miao)述的(de)東(dong)漢(han)時期(qi)降于蔡(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)家(jia)的(de)女(nv)仙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)。)《欽定古今(jin)圖書集(ji)成·子(zi)部·神仙傳(chuan)·王遠(yuan)》記(ji)載(zai):”王遠(yuan),字方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping),欲(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)之(zhi)括蒼山,過(guo)吳蔡(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)家(jia),教其(qi)(qi)(qi)尸解如(ru)蛻(tui)蟬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)去十(shi)(shi)余(yu)年(nian),忽(hu)(hu)還(huan)。語(yu)家(jia)言(yan)七月七日,王君當(dang)來(lai)過(guo),到(dao)期(qi)日,方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)乘羽車(che),駕(jia)五龍(long),各(ge)異(yi)色。旌旗導從(cong),威儀赫奕如(ru)大(da)將也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既至,坐(zuo)須臾,引見(jian)經(jing)(jing)父兄。因遣人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞(wen)(wen),亦(yi)莫(mo)知(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)何(he)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)王方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)敬(jing)報久(jiu)不(bu)(bu)行(xing),民(min)間今(jin)來(lai)在此(ci),想麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能暫(zan)來(lai)否。有(you)頃,信還(huan)。但聞(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)語(yu),不(bu)(bu)見(jian)所使人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜不(bu)(bu)見(jian)。忽(hu)(hu)已(yi)(yi)五百余(yu)年(nian),尊(zun)卑有(you)序,修(xiu)敬(jing)無階,思念久(jiu)煩,信承(cheng)在彼。登山巔而(er)(er)先被記(ji),當(dang)按行(xing)蓬萊(lai),今(jin)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)暫(zan)往(wang)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)便(bian)還(huan),還(huan)即(ji)(ji)親覲愿,不(bu)(bu)即(ji)(ji)去。如(ru)此(ci)兩(liang)時,間麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai),來(lai)時亦(yi)先聞(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)馬(ma)聲(sheng),既至從(cong)官(guan)當(dang)半于方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至蔡(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing),亦(yi)舉家(jia)見(jian)之(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)好女(nv)子(zi),年(nian)十(shi)(shi)八九許。頂中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)髻,余(yu)發垂至腰(yao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)衣有(you)文章,而(er)(er)非錦繡,光彩耀目,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)名(ming)。字皆世間所無有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye),得(de)(de)見(jian)方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)為起立,坐(zuo)定,各(ge)進(jin)行(xing)廚(chu)金盤、玉杯(bei)、無限(xian)美膳,多是(shi)(shi)諸華。而(er)(er)香氣(qi)達于內(nei)外。擘麟脯行(xing)之(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自言(yan)接待以(yi)來(lai),已(yi)(yi)見(jian)東(dong)海(hai)三為桑田,向到(dao)蓬萊(lai)水又淺于往(wang)昔,會時略半也(ye)(ye)(ye)。豈將復(fu)為陵陸乎。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆言(yan)海(hai)中(zhong)行(xing)復(fu)揚塵也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)見(jian)蔡(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)母及婦等,時經(jing)(jing)弟婦新產數十(shi)(shi)日,麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望見(jian)之(zhi)已(yi)(yi)知(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)噫,且止勿前(qian)。即(ji)(ji)求少(shao)許米來(lai),得(de)(de)米便(bian)以(yi)擲之(zhi),墜地即(ji)(ji)成丹砂。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)年(nian)少(shao),吾老矣,不(bu)(bu)喜復(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)此(ci)狡獪(kuai)變(bian)化也(ye)(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似(si)鳥爪,蔡(cai)(cai)經(jing)(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)念言(yan),背(bei)(bei)癢時,得(de)(de)此(ci)爪以(yi)爬背(bei)(bei)乃(nai)佳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)已(yi)(yi)知(zhi)經(jing)(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)念言(yan),即(ji)(ji)使人(ren)(ren)(ren)牽經(jing)(jing),鞭(bian)之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe),神人(ren)(ren)(ren)。汝(ru)何(he)忽(hu)(hu)謂(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)爪可(ke)(ke)以(yi)爬背(bei)(bei)耶。見(jian)鞭(bian)著經(jing)(jing)背(bei)(bei),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)見(jian)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)持(chi)鞭(bian)者(zhe)。方(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)告經(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),吾鞭(bian)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)妄得(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“
葛洪(東晉)《神仙(xian)傳·王(wang)遠》
顏(yan)真卿(qing)(唐)《撫州(zhou)南城縣麻姑(gu)山仙(xian)壇記》
洪邁(宋)《夷(yi)堅丙志(zhi)·卷四》
永瑢等(清(qing))《欽定古今圖書集成(cheng)·子部·神(shen)仙傳·王遠》
陳夢(meng)雷(lei)(清)《古今圖(tu)書集成·神異典·卷二百(bai)三十七·麻姑》