滄海桑(sang)田:來自(zi)麻姑所(suo)述(shu)“曾見東(dong)海三次變為(wei)桑(sang)田”。
麻(ma)姑(gu)獻壽(shou):傳說有(you)三(san)月(yue)三(san)日西王母壽(shou)辰,麻(ma)姑(gu)于絳珠河(he)邊(bian)以靈芝釀酒祝壽(shou)的故事。過去中國民間(jian)為女性祝壽(shou)多贈麻(ma)姑(gu)像,取名(ming)麻(ma)姑(gu)獻壽(shou)。
東晉時期(qi),《神仙(xian)傳·王遠》記載:“麻姑降于蔡經家(jia),自言曾(ceng)見(jian)東海三(san)次變為(wei)桑田,蓬萊(lai)之水也淺于舊時,或許又將變為(wei)平地。她的手(shou)纖細如(ru)鳥(niao)爪,蔡經見(jian)后曾(ceng)想:“背(bei)大癢時,當以此爪爬背(bei),當佳”。”
唐朝時期,《撫州南城(cheng)縣(xian)麻姑山仙壇(tan)(tan)記》也記載了(le)《神仙傳(chuan)》里(li)麻姑的說法,并提到:“按《圖經》,南城(cheng)縣(xian)有麻姑山,頂(ding)有古壇(tan)(tan),相傳(chuan)云(yun)麻姑于此(ci)得道”。
宋朝時期,《夷堅丙志·卷(juan)四》記(ji)載:“(四川)青城山相(xiang)去三十里(li).有麻(ma)姑洞.相(xiang)傳云亦姑修真(zhen)處也”。
清朝時(shi)(shi)期,《古今(jin)圖書集成·神(shen)異典·卷二百三十七·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引《登(deng)州(zhou)府(fu)志》記載(zai):“按《續文(wen)獻通考(kao)》:麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)趙石(shi)勒(le)時(shi)(shi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),其(qi)(qi)(qi)父猛悍,人(ren)(ren)(ren)畏之(zhi)。嘗(chang)筑城晝夜不(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)(zhi),雞鳴乃(nai)息(xi)。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢,有(you)恤民之(zhi)心(xin)。假(jia)作雞鳴,群雞效聲,眾工(gong)乃(nai)止(zhi)(zhi)。父覺欲(yu)撻(ta)之(zhi),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)懼而逃入石(shi)洞修道。后(hou)于(yu)城北石(shi)橋(qiao)飛升(sheng)。追者不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)。名其(qi)(qi)(qi)洞曰(yue)(yue)(yue):仙(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞。橋(qiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):望仙(xian)橋(qiao)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)在(zai)寧國(guo)府(fu)東(dong),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗(chang)脩道于(yu)此,丹灶尚存。又(you)嘗(chang)居建昌山(shan),故(gu)亦(yi)號麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開(kai)元中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),立廟(miao)壇側,累封虛(xu)寂沖(chong)應真人(ren)(ren)(ren)。夷(yi)堅志曰(yue)(yue)(yue):劉氏鯉堂(tang)前有(you)大槐(huai)。忽(hu)(hu)夢一女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)官,自(zi)稱麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞此樹脩廟(miao),劉漫許之(zhi)。既寤(wu),異其(qi)(qi)(qi)事。后(hou)數日(ri)(ri)(ri),風雨(yu)大作。失槐(huai)所在(zai),即(ji)詣麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟(miao),視(shi)槐(huai)已(yi)臥其(qi)(qi)(qi)前,重和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賜(si)。額曰(yue)(yue)(yue):顯異。又(you)按,此麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)是(shi)(shi)東(dong)晉十六國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期后(hou)趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)兒,與《神(shen)仙(xian)傳》里描述的(de)(de)東(dong)漢(han)時(shi)(shi)期降于(yu)蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)家的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)仙(xian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)兩個人(ren)(ren)(ren)。)《欽(qin)定古今(jin)圖書集成·子部·神(shen)仙(xian)傳·王(wang)遠》記載(zai):”王(wang)遠,字方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping),欲(yu)東(dong)之(zhi)括蒼(cang)山(shan),過(guo)吳蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)家,教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)尸解如(ru)(ru)(ru)蛻蟬也(ye)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)去十余(yu)(yu)年(nian),忽(hu)(hu)還(huan)(huan)。語家言(yan)七月七日(ri)(ri)(ri),王(wang)君(jun)當(dang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)過(guo),到期日(ri)(ri)(ri),方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)乘(cheng)羽車,駕五龍,各異色。旌旗(qi)導(dao)從,威儀赫奕如(ru)(ru)(ru)大將(jiang)也(ye)。既至(zhi),坐(zuo)須臾,引見經(jing)(jing)(jing)父兄。因遣(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞,亦(yi)莫知(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)何神(shen)也(ye)。言(yan)王(wang)方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)敬報久不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing),民間(jian)今(jin)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)在(zai)此,想麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能暫來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)否。有(you)頃,信(xin)還(huan)(huan)。但聞其(qi)(qi)(qi)語,不(bu)(bu)(bu)見所使人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜不(bu)(bu)(bu)見。忽(hu)(hu)已(yi)五百余(yu)(yu)年(nian),尊卑(bei)有(you)序(xu),修敬無階,思念久煩,信(xin)承在(zai)彼。登(deng)山(shan)巔而先被記,當(dang)按行(xing)蓬萊,今(jin)欲(yu)暫往。如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)便(bian)(bian)還(huan)(huan),還(huan)(huan)即(ji)親覲愿,不(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)去。如(ru)(ru)(ru)此兩時(shi)(shi),間(jian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai)時(shi)(shi)亦(yi)先聞人(ren)(ren)(ren)馬聲,既至(zhi)從官當(dang)半于(yu)方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)也(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至(zhi)蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing),亦(yi)舉(ju)家見之(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)好女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子,年(nian)十八九許。頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作髻,余(yu)(yu)發垂至(zhi)腰(yao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)衣有(you)文(wen)章,而非錦繡(xiu),光彩耀(yao)目,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可名。字皆世間(jian)所無有(you)也(ye),得(de)見方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)為(wei)起立,坐(zuo)定,各進行(xing)廚金盤、玉杯、無限美膳,多是(shi)(shi)諸華。而香氣達于(yu)內外。擘麟(lin)脯行(xing)之(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自(zi)言(yan)接待以來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),已(yi)見東(dong)海三為(wei)桑田,向到蓬萊水又(you)淺于(yu)往昔,會時(shi)(shi)略半也(ye)。豈(qi)將(jiang)復(fu)為(wei)陵陸乎。方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆言(yan)海中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)復(fu)揚塵也(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲(yu)見蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)母及(ji)婦等,時(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)弟婦新產數十日(ri)(ri)(ri),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望見之(zhi)已(yi)知(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)噫(yi),且止(zhi)(zhi)勿前。即(ji)求(qiu)少許米來(lai)(lai)(lai)(lai),得(de)米便(bian)(bian)以擲之(zhi),墜地(di)即(ji)成丹砂。方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故(gu)年(nian)少,吾老矣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)喜復(fu)作此狡獪變化也(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手似(si)鳥爪(zhua),蔡經(jing)(jing)(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)念言(yan),背(bei)癢時(shi)(shi),得(de)此爪(zhua)以爬背(bei)乃(nai)佳也(ye)。方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)已(yi)知(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)念言(yan),即(ji)使人(ren)(ren)(ren)牽經(jing)(jing)(jing),鞭之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者,神(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。汝何忽(hu)(hu)謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)爪(zhua)可以爬背(bei)耶。見鞭著經(jing)(jing)(jing)背(bei),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)持鞭者。方(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)告經(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue),吾鞭不(bu)(bu)(bu)可妄得(de)也(ye)。“
葛洪(東晉)《神仙傳(chuan)·王遠》
顏(yan)真卿(唐(tang))《撫州(zhou)南城(cheng)縣麻姑山仙壇記》
洪邁(宋)《夷堅丙志·卷(juan)四》
永瑢等(清)《欽定古(gu)今圖(tu)書集(ji)成·子部·神仙傳·王遠》
陳夢雷(清)《古今(jin)圖書集成·神異典·卷二百三十(shi)七(qi)·麻姑(gu)》