滄海桑田:來自麻姑所(suo)述“曾見東海三次變為桑田”。
麻姑(gu)(gu)獻壽(shou):傳說有三月三日(ri)西王母壽(shou)辰,麻姑(gu)(gu)于絳珠河邊(bian)以靈芝釀酒(jiu)祝(zhu)壽(shou)的故事。過(guo)去中國民間為女性祝(zhu)壽(shou)多贈麻姑(gu)(gu)像(xiang),取名麻姑(gu)(gu)獻壽(shou)。
東(dong)晉時(shi)(shi)期(qi),《神仙傳·王(wang)遠》記載:“麻(ma)姑降于(yu)蔡(cai)經(jing)家(jia),自(zi)言曾(ceng)見(jian)東(dong)海(hai)三次變為桑田,蓬(peng)萊之水(shui)也(ye)淺于(yu)舊時(shi)(shi),或(huo)許又將變為平地(di)。她的(de)手(shou)纖細如(ru)鳥爪,蔡(cai)經(jing)見(jian)后曾(ceng)想:“背大(da)癢時(shi)(shi),當以此爪爬(pa)背,當佳”。”
唐朝時期,《撫(fu)州(zhou)南(nan)城縣麻姑山(shan)仙壇(tan)記》也記載了《神仙傳》里麻姑的說法,并提到:“按《圖經》,南(nan)城縣有(you)麻姑山(shan),頂有(you)古壇(tan),相傳云麻姑于(yu)此得道”。
宋朝(chao)時期,《夷堅丙志·卷(juan)四》記載:“(四川)青城山相(xiang)去三十里.有麻姑洞.相(xiang)傳(chuan)云(yun)亦(yi)姑修(xiu)真處也”。
清(qing)朝時期(qi),《古(gu)今(jin)圖(tu)書(shu)集成·神(shen)(shen)異典·卷二百三(san)十七(qi)·麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》中(zhong)引(yin)《登州府志》記載(zai):“按(an)《續文獻(xian)通考》:麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)趙石勒時麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)女(nv),其(qi)父猛悍,人(ren)(ren)(ren)畏之(zhi)(zhi)。嘗筑城晝夜不(bu)止,雞鳴乃(nai)(nai)息。姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)賢,有恤民之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)。假(jia)作(zuo)雞鳴,群(qun)雞效聲(sheng),眾工乃(nai)(nai)止。父覺欲撻(ta)之(zhi)(zhi),女(nv)懼(ju)而(er)(er)(er)逃入(ru)石洞修道。后(hou)于城北(bei)石橋(qiao)飛升。追者不(bu)及(ji)。名(ming)其(qi)洞曰(yue):仙(xian)(xian)(xian)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)洞。橋(qiao)曰(yue):望(wang)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)橋(qiao)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)山在寧(ning)國(guo)府東,麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嘗脩(xiu)道于此(ci),丹灶尚存(cun)。又嘗居建昌(chang)山,故亦(yi)號(hao)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。開元中(zhong),立廟壇側,累封虛寂沖應真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。夷堅志曰(yue):劉氏鯉堂前有大(da)(da)(da)槐(huai)(huai)。忽(hu)夢一女(nv)官,自稱麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。乞(qi)此(ci)樹(shu)脩(xiu)廟,劉漫許之(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)寤,異其(qi)事。后(hou)數日,風雨大(da)(da)(da)作(zuo)。失槐(huai)(huai)所在,即(ji)(ji)詣麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)廟,視槐(huai)(huai)已(yi)臥其(qi)前,重和中(zhong)賜。額曰(yue):顯異。又按(an),此(ci)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)乃(nai)(nai)兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”。(麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)女(nv)是東晉(jin)十六國(guo)時期(qi)后(hou)趙麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)的女(nv)兒,與《神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)傳》里描述的東漢時期(qi)降于蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家的女(nv)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)秋(qiu)是兩個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。)《欽(qin)定(ding)古(gu)今(jin)圖(tu)書(shu)集成·子部·神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)傳·王(wang)(wang)遠(yuan)》記載(zai):”王(wang)(wang)遠(yuan),字方(fang)平(ping),欲東之(zhi)(zhi)括蒼山,過吳(wu)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)家,教其(qi)尸解如蛻蟬(chan)也(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)去(qu)十余年,忽(hu)還。語家言七(qi)月七(qi)日,王(wang)(wang)君當來(lai)(lai)(lai)過,到期(qi)日,方(fang)平(ping)乘羽(yu)車,駕五龍,各異色。旌(jing)旗導從,威儀赫奕如大(da)(da)(da)將也(ye)(ye)。既(ji)至(zhi),坐須臾,引(yin)見經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)父兄。因遣人(ren)(ren)(ren)與麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)相聞(wen)(wen),亦(yi)莫(mo)知(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是何神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)。言王(wang)(wang)方(fang)平(ping)敬報久(jiu)不(bu)行,民間(jian)今(jin)來(lai)(lai)(lai)在此(ci),想麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能(neng)暫來(lai)(lai)(lai)否。有頃(qing),信還。但(dan)聞(wen)(wen)其(qi)語,不(bu)見所使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)再拜不(bu)見。忽(hu)已(yi)五百余年,尊(zun)卑有序,修敬無階,思念久(jiu)煩,信承在彼。登山巔(dian)而(er)(er)(er)先被記,當按(an)行蓬(peng)萊,今(jin)欲暫往。如是便還,還即(ji)(ji)親覲愿(yuan),不(bu)即(ji)(ji)去(qu)。如此(ci)兩時,間(jian)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)來(lai)(lai)(lai),來(lai)(lai)(lai)時亦(yi)先聞(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)馬聲(sheng),既(ji)至(zhi)從官當半(ban)于方(fang)平(ping)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至(zhi)蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),亦(yi)舉家見之(zhi)(zhi)。是好女(nv)子,年十八九(jiu)許。頂(ding)中(zhong)作(zuo)髻,余發垂至(zhi)腰,其(qi)衣有文章,而(er)(er)(er)非(fei)錦繡,光(guang)彩耀(yao)目(mu),不(bu)可名(ming)。字皆世間(jian)所無有也(ye)(ye),得(de)見方(fang)平(ping)。方(fang)平(ping)為(wei)(wei)起(qi)立,坐定(ding),各進(jin)行廚金盤、玉杯、無限美膳,多是諸華。而(er)(er)(er)香氣達于內(nei)外(wai)。擘(bo)麟脯行之(zhi)(zhi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自言接待以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),已(yi)見東海三(san)為(wei)(wei)桑田,向到蓬(peng)萊水又淺于往昔,會時略(lve)半(ban)也(ye)(ye)。豈將復為(wei)(wei)陵陸乎。方(fang)平(ping)笑曰(yue),圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆言海中(zhong)行復揚塵也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)欲見蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)母及(ji)婦等(deng),時經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)弟(di)婦新產數十日,麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)望(wang)見之(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)知(zhi)。曰(yue)噫,且(qie)止勿前。即(ji)(ji)求少許米來(lai)(lai)(lai),得(de)米便以(yi)擲之(zhi)(zhi),墜地即(ji)(ji)成丹砂。方(fang)平(ping)笑曰(yue),姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)故年少,吾(wu)老矣,不(bu)喜(xi)復作(zuo)此(ci)狡獪變化(hua)也(ye)(ye)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)手(shou)似鳥爪,蔡(cai)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)念言,背癢時,得(de)此(ci)爪以(yi)爬背乃(nai)(nai)佳也(ye)(ye)。方(fang)平(ping)已(yi)知(zhi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)念言,即(ji)(ji)使(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)牽經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),鞭(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue),麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者,神(shen)(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。汝何忽(hu)謂其(qi)爪可以(yi)爬背耶。見鞭(bian)著經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)背,亦(yi)不(bu)見有人(ren)(ren)(ren)持鞭(bian)者。方(fang)平(ping)告經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue),吾(wu)鞭(bian)不(bu)可妄得(de)也(ye)(ye)。“
葛洪(hong)(東晉)《神仙(xian)傳·王(wang)遠(yuan)》
顏真卿(唐)《撫州(zhou)南(nan)城縣麻姑山(shan)仙(xian)壇記》
洪邁(宋)《夷堅丙志·卷四》
永(yong)瑢(rong)等(deng)(清)《欽定古今圖書集成·子部·神仙傳(chuan)·王(wang)遠(yuan)》
陳夢(meng)雷(清)《古(gu)今圖書集成(cheng)·神異典·卷二百三十七·麻姑》