四殿仵官王所管(guan)轄的地(di)方叫“合大(da)地(di)獄”,位于大(da)海之底、正東方沃燋石下。四殿閻君(jun),懲罰(fa)的是生(sheng)前樂行殺、盜、邪行三(san)業的惡徒。此地(di)獄縱橫八千里,另設有十六個小地(di)獄。
十(shi)六(liu)個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu)分別為:一、池小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);二、蝥鏈竹簽小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);三(san)、沸湯澆手小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);四(si)(si)、掌畔流液小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);五、斷筋剔骨(gu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);六(liu)、堰肩刷皮小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);七、鎖膚小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);八、蹲峰小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);九(jiu)、鐵衣小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)、木石土瓦(wa)壓(ya)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)一、劍眼小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)二、飛(fei)灰塞口小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)三(san)、灌藥小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)四(si)(si)、油(you)滑跌小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)五、刺嘴小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)六(liu)、碎石埋身小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu)。
東晉時期(qi)帛(bo)尸梨蜜多(duo)(duo)羅譯(yi)《佛(fo)說大灌頂神(shen)(shen)咒經》中記(ji)(ji)載有(you)(you)五(wu)官(guan)(guan),司掌佛(fo)教殺、盜、淫、妄語、酒(jiu)五(wu)戒:“閻羅王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)主領(ling)世(shi)間名籍之(zhi)記(ji)(ji)。若(ruo)人為惡(e)作諸(zhu)非法(fa)、無孝(xiao)順心(xin)造作五(wu)逆、破滅三寶(bao)無君(jun)臣法(fa),又有(you)(you)眾(zhong)生不持五(wu)戒不信正(zheng)法(fa),設有(you)(you)受者(zhe)多(duo)(duo)所毀犯,于是地下鬼神(shen)(shen)及伺候(hou)者(zhe)奏上五(wu)官(guan)(guan)。五(wu)官(guan)(guan)料簡除(chu)死定生,或注錄精神(shen)(shen)未判是非。若(ruo)已定者(zhe)奏上閻羅,閻羅監察隨罪輕重(zhong)考而(er)治之(zhi)。(注釋(shi):此處為五(wu)官(guan)(guan)王(wang)(wang)的最早記(ji)(ji)錄來源之(zhi)一,有(you)(you)明確(que)的史料記(ji)(ji)載。)
據唐(tang)代《地藏菩薩發心因緣(yuan)十(shi)王(wang)經》與《預修十(shi)王(wang)生七經》所(suo)載記載:五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)冥界十(shi)王(wang)之第四(si)王(wang)。即(ji)于(yu)三(san)江間(jian)建大殿(dian)(dian)(dian),治眾生妄語罪的冥官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)左(zuo)右各有(you)一(yi)舍(she),左(zuo)秤(cheng)量(liang)舍(she),右勘(kan)錄(lu)舍(she)。左(zuo)有(you)高臺(tai),臺(tai)上(shang)有(you)秤(cheng)量(liang)幢,業(ye)(ye)匠構巧,懸(xuan)七秤(cheng)量(liang),身口七罪為紀輕重(zhong)。意業(ye)(ye)所(suo)作不懸(xuan)秤(cheng)量(liang),次至鏡(jing)(jing)臺(tai)當見鏡(jing)(jing)影。第四(si)七日過五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)依案(an)審閱亡者(zhe)善(shan)惡的卷(juan)宗,亡者(zhe)帶枷待判,前(qian)有(you)衡量(liang)亡人善(shan)惡的業(ye)(ye)秤(cheng)。贊曰:五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)業(ye)(ye)秤(cheng)向空懸(xuan),左(zuo)右雙(shuang)童(tong)業(ye)(ye)簿全。轉重(zhong)豈由(you)情(qing)所(suo)愿,囗昂自(zi)任昔(xi)因緣(yuan)。(注釋(shi):大體意思是人在(zai)死后四(si)七日到五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)的大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)接受審判,大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)中間(jian)有(you)一(yi)桿業(ye)(ye)秤(cheng),大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)左(zuo)右各有(you)一(yi)間(jian)房,左(zuo)邊(bian)房間(jian)負責稱(cheng)量(liang),右邊(bian)負責記錄(lu),五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)根據亡者(zhe)罪業(ye)(ye)審理亡者(zhe)卷(juan)宗。)
據晚唐(tang)至五(wu)代時期道明和(he)尚(shang)所撰《佛說(shuo)(shuo)十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》記(ji)載:佛在鳩尸那城阿維(wei)跋(ba)提河邊娑羅雙樹間,臨涅(nie)槃時,為(wei)諸(zhu)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)、摩訶薩(sa)(sa)、天(tian)(tian)龍神王(wang)(wang)(wang)、四大(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、閻(yan)(yan)羅天(tian)(tian)子、太(tai)山府(fu)君、司(si)命司(si)錄、五(wu)道大(da)(da)神、地(di)獄典官等授記(ji)說(shuo)(shuo)法。佛告大(da)(da)眾(zhong)閻(yan)(yan)羅天(tian)(tian)子于(yu)未來世作(zuo)佛,多生習(xi)善為(wei)犯(fan)戒故,退落琰摩天(tian)(tian)中(zhong),作(zuo)大(da)(da)魔(mo)王(wang)(wang)(wang),管攝諸(zhu)鬼,科斷(duan)閻(yan)(yan)浮提內十(shi)(shi)惡五(wu)逆一(yi)(yi)切(qie)罪人(ren)(ren)。勸眾(zhong)生造此(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及諸(zhu)尊(zun)像以(yi)薦拔亡(wang)(wang)魂、七(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)齋(zhai)(zhai)造像以(yi)報父母恩,令得(de)升(sheng)天(tian)(tian)。人(ren)(ren)死后(hou)從(cong)頭七(qi)(qi)、二七(qi)(qi)直至七(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi),百日、一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)、三年(nian)(nian),亡(wang)(wang)魂將逐一(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)殿,亡(wang)(wang)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)屬須(xu)祈(qi)請十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)齋(zhai)(zhai)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)福(fu),寫經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)造像,便可(ke)拔除亡(wang)(wang)魂罪業,使(shi)之(zhi)“不(bu)(bu)生三惡涂(tu)(途),不(bu)(bu)入一(yi)(yi)切(qie)諸(zhu)大(da)(da)地(di)獄”,而往(wang)生天(tian)(tian)道。過十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)若闕(que)一(yi)(yi)齋(zhai)(zhai),則滯在一(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang),留連(lian)受苦一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)。若生人(ren)(ren)為(wei)己(ji)預修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)七(qi)(qi)齋(zhai)(zhai),于(yu)每月十(shi)(shi)五(wu)、三十(shi)(shi)日兩(liang)天(tian)(tian)持齋(zhai)(zhai),供(gong)養(yang)三寶,祈(qi)設十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang),修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)名納狀,奏(zou)上(shang)六(liu)曹,如此(ci)則死后(hou)可(ke)配生快樂之(zhi)處,不(bu)(bu)住中(zhong)陰四十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)日,不(bu)(bu)待男(nan)女追救命。(注釋:《佛說(shuo)(shuo)十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》,《地(di)藏(zang)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)發(fa)心因(yin)緣十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》都(dou)統(tong)稱十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),兩(liang)本皆題為(wei)“成都(dou)府(fu)大(da)(da)圣慈恩寺沙門藏(zang)川述(shu)”,《佛說(shuo)(shuo)十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》內容偏(pian)重度亡(wang)(wang),《地(di)藏(zang)菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)發(fa)心因(yin)緣十(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》其內容偏(pian)重生人(ren)(ren)預修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。)
據北(bei)宋(song)時期沙門常謹所撰《地(di)藏(zang)菩薩(sa)靈驗記(ji)》卷29中(zhong)云:“沙門智佑是(shi)西印(yin)度人(ren)也,天福年(nian)中(zhong)(936~943年(nian))來(lai)自西(原(yuan)文作“來(lai)至(zhi)而”),住(zhu)清泰(tai)寺,所持(chi)像經中(zhong),有地(di)藏(zang)菩薩(sa)變相并本愿功德經梵(fan)夾,其像相者,中(zhong)央圓輪(lun)中(zhong)畫(hua)菩薩(sa)像,冠帽(mao)持(chi)寶錫,左(zuo)(zuo)右有十王(wang)(wang)像各五(wu)人(ren),左(zuo)(zuo)五(wu)者:一泰(tai)(秦)廣王(wang)(wang)、二初江(jiang)王(wang)(wang)、三宗(zong)(宋(song))帝王(wang)(wang)、四五(wu)官王(wang)(wang)、五(wu)閻羅大(da)王(wang)(wang);右五(wu)者:一變成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)、二太山王(wang)(wang)、三平等(deng)王(wang)(wang)、四都市王(wang)(wang)、五(wu)五(wu)道轉輪(lun)王(wang)(wang),一一各具司命、司錄、府君、典(dian)官等(deng)。