五(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)天(tian)(tian)君,為(wei)(wei)(wei)東南西北中五(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)之(zhi)天(tian)(tian)神,一說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)始(shi)天(tian)(tian)王所化(hua)。中國(guo)個(ge)道派以三(san)清為(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi),比如全真道以太上老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)君為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),五(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)始(shi)天(tian)(tian)尊為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)的(de)名號分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)東方(fang)青帝(di)(di)青靈(ling)(ling)(ling)始(shi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)九炁天(tian)(tian)君、南方(fang)赤(chi)帝(di)(di)丹靈(ling)(ling)(ling)真老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)三(san)炁天(tian)(tian)君、中央(yang)黃帝(di)(di)玄(xuan)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)黃老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)一炁天(tian)(tian)君、西方(fang)白帝(di)(di)皓靈(ling)(ling)(ling)皇老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)七(qi)炁天(tian)(tian)君、北方(fang)黑(hei)帝(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)玄(xuan)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)炁天(tian)(tian)君。
五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老君(jun)是道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)期的五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方神(shen)靈(ling),亦稱(cheng)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)”。 五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老君(jun)是歷代(dai)帝(di)(di)王祭祀的對象,“在(zai)天(tian)中則(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老上帝(di)(di),在(zai)天(tian)文則(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)座(zuo)及五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing),在(zai)神(shen)靈(ling)則(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di),在(zai)山(shan)岳(yue)則(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)圣帝(di)(di),在(zai)人身則(ze)(ze)稱(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臟(zang)神(shen)君(jun)”。他們與元始(shi)天(tian)尊一樣,非后天(tian)學而(er)得真者(zhe),為天(tian)地(di)開辟(pi)之(zhi)前的先天(tian)神(shen)靈(ling),所以又稱(cheng)元始(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)始(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氣之(zhi)祖。在(zai)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)神(shen)仙體(ti)系中,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老君(jun)沒有具體(ti)職司,但地(di)位(wei)崇尊。
以下(xia)五老對應泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)、衡山(shan)(shan)(shan)、嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、華山(shan)(shan)(shan)、恒山(shan)(shan)(shan)。
東方青靈(ling)始(shi)老天(tian)君,號稱東方木德青帝(di)太昊(hao)伏羲,木帝(di)也,其精星。下應泰山神仙(xian);
南(nan)方丹靈真老天君,號(hao)稱(cheng)南(nan)方火(huo)(huo)德(de)赤(chi)帝(di)炎帝(di)神農,火(huo)(huo)帝(di)也,其精熒屏(ping),下應衡山(shan)神仙;
元(yuan)靈(ling)元(yuan)老君,中央土德黃帝軒轅,土帝也,其精鎮(zhen)星,下應嵩山(shan)神仙;
西方豪靈(ling)皇帝(di)(di)老天君,號稱(cheng)西方金德白帝(di)(di)金天少昊,金帝(di)(di)也(ye),其精(jing)華(hua)太白,下應華(hua)山(shan)神(shen)仙;
北方(fang)五靈玄老天君,號(hao)稱北方(fang)水德黑(hei)帝朱旭,水帝也,其精星,下應(ying)恒(heng)山(shan)神仙(xian)。
此(ci)(ci)外(wai),還有五(wu)老監(jian)真之(zhi)稱:綿山(shan)是(shi)五(wu)方神會群(qun)仙之(zhi)所,因此(ci)(ci)善男信女建(jian)此(ci)(ci)殿(dian)供奉。
【東方青(qing)帝(di)(di)青(qing)靈(ling)始老九(jiu)(jiu)炁天君(jun)】號(hao)曰青(qing)帝(di)(di)。頭(tou)戴青(qing)精玉冠,衣九(jiu)(jiu)氣青(qing)羽衣。常駕(jia)蒼龍(long),建鶉旗(qi),從神(shen)甲(jia)乙,官將九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)萬人。上導九(jiu)(jiu)天之(zhi)和(he)氣,下引九(jiu)(jiu)泉(quan)之(zhi)流芳,養二儀以長(chang)存,護陰陽以永昌(chang)。
【南方赤(chi)帝丹(dan)靈真老三(san)炁天君】號曰赤(chi)帝。頭戴赤(chi)精玉(yu)冠,衣三(san)氣(qi)丹(dan)羽飛衣。常(chang)駕(jia)丹(dan)龍,建(jian)朱(zhu)旗,從神丙(bing)丁,官將三(san)十萬人。上導(dao)泰清玄元之靈化,下(xia)和三(san)氣(qi)之陶镕,令(ling)萬物之永(yong)存,運天精之南夏。
【中央黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)玄靈黃(huang)(huang)(huang)老一炁天君】號(hao)曰(yue)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)。頭戴黃(huang)(huang)(huang)精玉冠,衣五色(se)飛衣。常(chang)駕黃(huang)(huang)(huang)龍(long),建(jian)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)旗,從神(shen)戊己,官將(jiang)十二(er)萬人。上等(deng)自然之(zhi)和,下旋五土(tu)之(zhi)靈,天地守以不虧,陰陽用之(zhi)不傾。
【西(xi)方(fang)白帝皓(hao)靈皇老七炁(qi)天君】號曰白帝。頭戴白精(jing)玉冠(guan),衣白羽飛衣。常駕白龍,建(jian)素旗,從神(shen)庚辛,官將七十(shi)萬人。上導洪(hong)精(jing)于(yu)(yu)上天,下(xia)和眾生于(yu)(yu)靈衢(qu)。
【北方黑(hei)帝五靈玄老(lao)五炁天君】號曰(yue)黑(hei)帝。頭戴玄精(jing)玉冠,衣(yi)玄羽飛衣(yi)。 常駕(jia)黑(hei)龍,建皂旗,從神(shen)壬(ren)癸,官(guan)將五十萬人。上(shang)導五帝之流氣,下拯生(sheng)生(sheng)之眾和(he),護二(er)儀而不(bu)傾,保(bao)群(qun)命以永(yong)安(an)。